Foreword |
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v | |
Acknowledgements |
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vii | |
Part I The United Kingdom |
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3 | (6) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Background to statutory adjudication in the UK |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Statutory adjudication regimes |
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5 | (1) |
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1.4 Use of case law in this part |
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6 | (3) |
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2 Adjudication in a nutshell |
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9 | (4) |
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13 | (30) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (3) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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3.4 Is adjudication the right forum? |
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18 | (6) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (3) |
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21 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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3.5 Other forms of 'rapid' dispute resolution |
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24 | (6) |
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24 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Early neutral evaluation |
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24 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Expert determination |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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3.5.5 Fast-track arbitration |
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27 | (2) |
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3.5.6 Statutory demand or winding-up petition |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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3.6 Adjudication on behalf of, or against, an insolvent party |
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30 | (10) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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3.6.3 Trigger for insolvency |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (4) |
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3.6.5 Voluntary or compulsory administration |
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37 | (1) |
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3.6.6 Administrative receivership |
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38 | (1) |
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3.6.7 A company voluntary arrangement (CVA) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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3.6.9 Individual voluntary arrangement (IVA) |
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39 | (1) |
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3.6.10 Problems enforcing the adjudicator's decision |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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3.8 Checklist: considering whether or not to adjudicate |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (32) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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4.3 Existence and terms of a contract |
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44 | (5) |
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44 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Contract formation and terms |
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45 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Contract terminated |
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46 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Void or voidable contract |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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4.3.6 Incorporation of terms |
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47 | (2) |
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4.4 Construction contract |
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49 | (6) |
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49 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Carrying out, arranging, providing labour for construction operations (Acts. 104(1)) |
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49 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Consultants and advisers (Acts. 104(2)) |
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50 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Contracts of employment (Acts. 104(3)) |
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50 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Construction operations and other matters (Acts. 104(5)) |
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50 | (1) |
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4.4.6 Application of the Act to contracts (Acts. 104(6)) |
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51 | (1) |
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4.4.7 Ancillary agreements |
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52 | (3) |
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4.5 Construction operations |
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55 | (3) |
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55 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Definition of construction operations (Acts. 105(1)) |
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55 | (3) |
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4.6 Excluded construction operations |
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58 | (4) |
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58 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Approach to interpreting the exclusion provisions at section 105(2) of the Act |
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59 | (1) |
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4.6.3 Court's approach to applying the exclusions at subsection 105(2) |
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59 | (1) |
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4.6.4 Drilling and extraction (Acts. 105(2)(a) and (b)) |
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60 | (1) |
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4.6.5 Assembly, installation, erection, demolition in connection with certain activities (Acts. 105(2)(c)) |
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60 | (2) |
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4.6.6 Manufacture, delivery, installation (Acts. 105(2)(d)) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (4) |
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62 | (1) |
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4.7.2 Residential occupier (Acts. 106(1)(a) and (2)) |
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63 | (1) |
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4.7.3 Exclusion Order (2009 Act, s. 106A; 1996 Act, s. 106(1)(b)) |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (8) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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4.8.3 1996 Act only applies to agreements in writing (1996 Act s. 107(1)) |
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68 | (1) |
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4.8.4 'In writing' (1996 Act s. 107(2)) |
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68 | (1) |
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4.8.5 An agreement made 'otherwise than in writing' (1996 Acts. 107(3)) |
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69 | (1) |
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4.8.6 An agreement 'evidenced in writing' (1996 Acts. 107(4)) |
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70 | (1) |
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4.8.7 An exchange of written submissions in adjudication proceedings' (1996 Acts. 107(5)) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (3) |
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4.9 Checklist: What form of adjudication am I subject to? |
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74 | (1) |
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5 Contractual and ad hoc adjudication |
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75 | (8) |
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75 | (1) |
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5.2 Contractual adjudication |
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75 | (4) |
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75 | (1) |
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5.2.2 What is a contractual adjudication? |
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76 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Treatment of contractual adjudications by the court |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (4) |
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79 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Ad hoc adjudication by choice |
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79 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Ad hoc jurisdiction by mistake |
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80 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Ad hoc jurisdiction on issues |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (14) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (4) |
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84 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Does the Scheme apply and the failure to comply with section 108(1)-(4) (Act s. 108(5) and 114(4)) |
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84 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Why choose the Scheme? |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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6.3 Contractual procedures |
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88 | (8) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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6.4 Checklist: What adjudication procedure am I subject to? |
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96 | (1) |
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7 Preconditions and restrictions to statutory adjudication |
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97 | (26) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (10) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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7.2.3 A claim must have been made |
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99 | (1) |
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7.2.4 The meaning of 'dispute' (Act s.108(1)) |
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100 | (2) |
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7.2.5 The point at which to assess whether or not there is a dispute |
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102 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Time period following a claim until a dispute is formed |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (4) |
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7.3 More than one dispute |
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108 | (3) |
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108 | (1) |
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7.3.2 More than one dispute (Acts. 108(1)) |
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109 | (2) |
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7.3.3 The Scheme (Scheme p. 8) |
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111 | (1) |
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7.4 Substantially the same dispute (Scheme p. 9) |
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111 | (4) |
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111 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Substantially the same dispute |
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112 | (3) |
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7.5 Does the dispute arise 'under' the contract (Act s. 108(1))? |
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115 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Meaning of 'under' the contract |
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115 | (2) |
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7.6 More than one contract |
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117 | (2) |
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117 | (1) |
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7.6.2 More than one contract (Acts. 108(1)) |
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118 | (1) |
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7.6.3 Scheme (Scheme p. 8(2)) |
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119 | (1) |
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7.7 Commencing an adjudication 'at any time' |
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119 | (4) |
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119 | (1) |
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7.7.2 Act (Acts. 108(2)(a)) |
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119 | (2) |
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7.7.3 Conclusivity clauses |
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121 | (1) |
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7.7.4 Statutory limitation |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (21) |
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123 | (1) |
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8.2 Commencing the adjudication process |
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123 | (2) |
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8.2.1 Choosing the right time to start |
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123 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Getting in there first |
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124 | (1) |
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8.3 More than one adjudication |
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125 | (1) |
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8.3.1 Multiple adjudications during the project |
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125 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Concurrent adjudications |
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125 | (1) |
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8.4 Choosing the dispute to refer |
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126 | (13) |
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8.4.1 Appropriate expertise |
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126 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Pecuniary and declaratory claims |
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127 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Contractual interpretation |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (7) |
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136 | (1) |
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8.4.6 Large-scale adjudications |
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137 | (2) |
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8.4.7 Without prejudice correspondence |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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8.5.1 Save the best until last |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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8.6 Assessing the other party's willingness and ability to pay |
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141 | (1) |
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8.6.1 Securing assets before the adjudication |
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141 | (1) |
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8.6.2 Can the other party pay? |
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142 | (1) |
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8.7 Removing procedural uncertainty |
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142 | (2) |
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8.7.1 Taking a jurisdiction point early |
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142 | (2) |
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9 Initiating the adjudication |
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144 | (29) |
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144 | (1) |
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9.2 A precis on jurisdiction and natural justice |
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145 | (1) |
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9.3 Notice of adjudication |
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146 | (5) |
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146 | (1) |
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9.3.2 The Scheme (Scheme p. 1(2) and (3)) |
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147 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Practical considerations |
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147 | (4) |
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9.4 Checklist: Before serving the notice of adjudication - referring party |
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151 | (1) |
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9.5 Checklist: On receiving the notice of adjudication - responding party |
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151 | (1) |
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9.6 Appointing the adjudicator |
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152 | (19) |
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152 | (1) |
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9.6.2 Timing (Acts. 108(2)(b), Scheme p. 7) |
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152 | (1) |
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9.6.3 Appointment procedure (Scheme p. 2, 3, 5 and 6) |
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153 | (2) |
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9.6.4 Inoperable procedure or defective appointment |
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155 | (1) |
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9.6.5 Appointment by an ANB |
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156 | (2) |
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9.6.6 Choosing the right ANB where one is not specified |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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9.6.8 Appointment of an individual named in the contract |
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161 | (1) |
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9.6.9 Nominated or appointed adjudicator too busy, unwilling or unable to act |
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162 | (1) |
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9.6.10 Natural person and no conflict of interest (Scheme, p. 4) |
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163 | (1) |
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9.6.11 Objections to the appointed adjudicator (Scheme, p. 10) |
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163 | (1) |
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9.6.12 A party's assessment of an adjudicator's capability |
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164 | (2) |
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9.6.13 The prospective adjudicator's assessment of whether he should accept the appointment |
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166 | (1) |
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9.6.14 Post appointment before the dispute is referred |
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167 | (1) |
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9.6.15 Adjudicator's agreement |
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167 | (3) |
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9.6.16 Revoking the adjudicator's appointment (Scheme p. 11) |
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170 | (1) |
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9.7 Checklist: Appointing the adjudicator - referring party |
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171 | (1) |
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9.8 Checklist: Appointing the adjudicator - responding party |
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171 | (1) |
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9.9 Checklist: Accepting the appointment - adjudicator |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (41) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (7) |
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174 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Timing (Acts. 108(2)(b)) |
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174 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Scheme (Scheme p. 7) |
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175 | (2) |
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10.2.4 Practical considerations and strategy |
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177 | (3) |
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10.2.5 Actions for the adjudicator once the dispute is referred |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (3) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Practical considerations and strategy |
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182 | (2) |
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10.4 Reply, rejoinder and sur-rejoinder |
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184 | (2) |
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184 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Practical considerations and strategy |
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184 | (2) |
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10.4.3 Parallel correspondence |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (13) |
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188 | (1) |
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10.6.2 Communicating with the other party and with the adjudicator during the adjudication |
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189 | (1) |
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10.6.3 Pressure from the parties or the adjudicator |
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190 | (1) |
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10.6.4 Set-off and abatement |
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191 | (3) |
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10.6.5 Dropping a head of claim during the adjudication |
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194 | (1) |
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10.6.6 Withdrawing from the adjudication entirely |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (3) |
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10.6.8 Disclosure of documents |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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10.6.10 Staying adjudication proceedings |
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199 | (1) |
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10.6.11 Confidential nature of adjudication (Scheme p. 18) |
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200 | (1) |
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10.6.12 Service of documents and notices (Acts. 115) |
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200 | (1) |
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10.6.13 Reckoning of time (Acts. 116) |
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201 | (1) |
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10.7 Adjudicator's powers and duties |
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201 | (11) |
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201 | (1) |
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10.7.2 Duty to act impartially (Acts. 108(2)(e) and Scheme p. 12(a)) |
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201 | (1) |
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10.7.3 Power to take the initiative (Acts. 108(2)(f) and Scheme p. 13) |
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202 | (2) |
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10.7.4 Power to make requests or directions (Scheme p. 14 and 15) |
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204 | (1) |
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10.7.5 Power to seek assistance (Acts. 108(2)(f) and Scheme p. 13(f)) |
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205 | (1) |
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10.7.6 Duty to consider relevant information and provide it to the parties (Scheme p. 17) |
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206 | (1) |
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10.7.7 Scope of what the adjudicator can decide (Scheme p. 20(a) and (b)) |
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207 | (1) |
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10.7.8 Power to award interest (Scheme p. 20(c)) |
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208 | (1) |
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10.7.9 Power to award damages |
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209 | (1) |
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10.7.10 Adjudicator's immunity (Acts. 108(4), Scheme p. 26) |
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209 | (1) |
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10.7.11 Adjudicator resignation (Scheme p. 9) |
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210 | (2) |
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10.8 Checklist: Managing the adjudication - the adjudicator |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (13) |
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214 | (1) |
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11.2 What is the adjudicator required to do? |
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214 | (4) |
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214 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Purpose and nature of the decision |
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215 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Structure, format and content of the decision |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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11.3 On receiving the decision |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (4) |
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219 | (1) |
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11.4.2 Act and Scheme (Acts. 108(2)(c) and (d) and Scheme p.19) |
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219 | (3) |
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11.4.3 Rigidity of the time limit |
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222 | (1) |
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11.4.4 Decision made and decision communicated |
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222 | (1) |
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11.4.5 Responding to the adjudicator's request for an extension |
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223 | (1) |
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11.5 Effect and compliance |
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223 | (4) |
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223 | (1) |
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11.5.2 Temporary finality (Acts. 108(3), Scheme p. 23) |
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224 | (1) |
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11.5.3 Compliance with the decision (Scheme p. 21) |
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225 | (1) |
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11.5.4 Delaying compliance by contract |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (22) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (5) |
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228 | (1) |
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12.2.2 2009 Act and 2011 Scheme (2009 Acts. 108A; 2011 Scheme p. 25) |
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228 | (1) |
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12.2.3 1996 Act and 1998 Scheme (1998 Scheme p. 25) |
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228 | (1) |
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12.2.4 Liability for fees |
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229 | (2) |
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12.2.5 Reasonableness of fees and expenses |
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231 | (1) |
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12.2.6 Lien on the decision |
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232 | (1) |
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12.2.7 Payment of fees when the decision is in breach of natural justice |
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232 | (1) |
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12.2.8 Award of adjudicator's costs |
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232 | (1) |
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12.2.9 Payment of fees on paying party's insolvency |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (4) |
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233 | (1) |
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12.3.2 2009 Act (s. 108A) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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12.3.4 The Late Payment of Commercial Debt (Interest) Act 1998 |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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12.5 Correcting errors in the decision |
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239 | (2) |
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239 | (1) |
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12.5.2 The 2009 Act and 2011 Scheme (2009 Acts. 108(3)(A); 2011 Scheme p. 22A) |
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239 | (1) |
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12.5.3 The 1996 Act and 1998 Scheme |
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240 | (1) |
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12.6 Setting off against the decision |
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241 | (8) |
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241 | (1) |
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12.6.2 General rule and exceptions |
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241 | (2) |
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12.6.3 Contractual right to set off |
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243 | (1) |
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12.6.4 Later interim or final certificate |
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244 | (1) |
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12.6.5 Issuing a withholding or pay less notice |
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244 | (1) |
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12.6.6 Setting off liquidated damages |
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245 | (1) |
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12.6.7 Set off permitted but not quantified in the decision |
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246 | (1) |
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12.6.8 Set-off not formulated before the adjudication |
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247 | (1) |
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12.6.9 Adjudication rules prevent set-off in enforcement proceedings |
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247 | (1) |
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12.6.10 Multiple adjudications |
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247 | (1) |
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12.6.11 Litigation on foot |
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248 | (1) |
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12.6.12 Arbitration award |
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248 | (1) |
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12.6.13 Other arguments for set-off |
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248 | (1) |
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13 Enforcement: options and procedure |
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249 | (36) |
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249 | (1) |
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13.2 Key statements of principle and the court's policy |
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249 | (3) |
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13.2.1 Principles of enforcement |
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249 | (3) |
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13.2.2 Enforcement for contractual adjudications |
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252 | (1) |
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13.3 TCC summary enforcement procedure |
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252 | (24) |
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252 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Nature of summary judgment applications in adjudication |
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253 | (3) |
|
13.3.3 Options for commencing the claim |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
13.3.4 Commencing the claim |
|
|
256 | (4) |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
13.3.6 Responding to the claim |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
13.3.7 Submission of cost budgets |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
13.3.8 Hearing bundle and skeletons |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
13.3.9 Extent of the evidence to be submitted |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
13.3.10 Judgment in default and setting aside |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
13.3.12 Timetable to a decision |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
13.3.14 The effect of the court's decision |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
13.3.15 Setting aside a summary judgment |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
13.3.16 Costs: basis of assessment |
|
|
266 | (3) |
|
13.3.17 Costs: assessment of the bill of costs |
|
|
269 | (3) |
|
13.3.18 Costs: ATE insurance and conditional fee arrangements |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
13.3.20 Costs: settlement reached before summary judgment |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
13.3.21 Appealing a judgment of the court |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
13.3.22 Staying enforcement proceedings where there is an arbitration agreement (s. 9 Arbitration Act 1996) |
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
13.4 Other procedures for enforcement |
|
|
276 | (4) |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
13.4.2 Pre-emptory order (Scheme p. 23(1) and 24) |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
13.4.3 Mandatory injunction |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
278 | (2) |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
13.5 Complying with an order of the court |
|
|
280 | (4) |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
13.5.3 Extending the time for payment |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (3) |
|
13.6 Checklist: Avoiding the consequences of an adjudicator's decision |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
14 Enforcement: insolvency, stay and severability |
|
|
285 | (19) |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
14.2 Insolvency avoids summary judgment |
|
|
286 | (4) |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
287 | (2) |
|
14.2.4 Administrative receivership |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
14.2.6 Individual insolvency or bankruptcy |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
290 | (14) |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
14.3.2 Court's discretion to order a stay of execution |
|
|
291 | (2) |
|
14.3.3 Insolvency proceedings pending or not concluded |
|
|
293 | (3) |
|
14.3.4 Financial difficulty |
|
|
296 | (2) |
|
14.3.5 Imminent resolution of other proceedings |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
14.3.6 Manifest injustice |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
14.3.7 Other circumstances in which an application for a stay has failed |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
14.3.9 Conditions imposed on granting the stay |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
|
301 | (3) |
|
|
304 | (15) |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
15.2 Finalising the adjudicator's decision |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
15.2.2 Adjudicator's decision made final by contract |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
15.2.3 Adjudicator's decision made final by agreement |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
15.2.4 Adjudicator's decision made final by the passing of time |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
15.3 Adjudication and other proceedings |
|
|
307 | (5) |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
15.3.2 Final determination at the same time as enforcement proceedings |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
15.3.3 Final determination at the same time as adjudication |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
15.3.4 Final determination without complying with the adjudicator's decision |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
15.3.5 Final determination in breach of the contractual dispute resolution procedure (including an agreement to adjudicate) |
|
|
309 | (3) |
|
15.4 Commencement, onus of proof and costs |
|
|
312 | (7) |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
15.4.2 Cause of action and limitation period for commencing final proceedings |
|
|
312 | (2) |
|
15.4.3 Delaying the final determination |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
15.4.4 Onus of proof in subsequent proceedings |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
15.4.5 Final decision different to adjudicator's decision |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
15.4.6 Recovery of adjudication costs as part of the costs of a final determination |
|
|
315 | (4) |
|
16 The adjudicator's jurisdiction |
|
|
319 | (43) |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
16.2 When to think about jurisdiction |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
16.3 Options when a jurisdictional issue arises |
|
|
320 | (11) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
16.3.2 Option 1: Determination from the court |
|
|
321 | (3) |
|
16.3.3 Option 2: Determination by the adjudicator |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
16.3.4 Option 3: Determination from another adjudicator |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
16.3.5 Option 4: Reserve the position and proceed with the adjudication |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
16.3.6 Option 5: Withdraw |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
16.3.7 Option 6: Injunction |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
16.4 Losing the right to challenge the adjudicator's jurisdiction |
|
|
331 | (7) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
16.4.3 No reservation or late reservation |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
16.4.4 Abandoning the reservation |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
16.4.5 Initial consent before objection |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
16.4.6 Approbation and reprobation |
|
|
335 | (3) |
|
16.4.7 Consequence of losing the right: ad hoc jurisdiction |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
16.5 Threshold jurisdiction challenges |
|
|
338 | (4) |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
16.5.3 Contract is not a construction contract |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
16.5.4 Construction contract is not in writing |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
16.5.6 More than one dispute |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
16.5.7 Substantially the same dispute |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
16.5.8 Dispute not under the contract |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
16.6 Process jurisdiction challenges |
|
|
342 | (7) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
16.6.2 Incorrect parties named |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
16.6.3 Adjudicator not correctly appointed |
|
|
344 | (3) |
|
16.6.4 Referral notice served out of time |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
16.6.5 Arguments outside the scope of the dispute |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
16.6.7 New material during the adjudication |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
16.6.8 Other procedural improprieties |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
16.7 Decision based jurisdiction challenges |
|
|
349 | (11) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
16.7.2 Lien over the decision |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
16.7.3 Failure to reach the decision within the required timescale |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
16.7.4 Signing the decision |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
16.7.5 Sufficiency of written reasons |
|
|
351 | (2) |
|
16.7.6 Scope of the decision |
|
|
353 | (4) |
|
|
357 | (3) |
|
16.7.8 Correcting minor errors in the decision |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
16.8 Checklist: Jurisdiction - the parties |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
16.9 Checklist: Jurisdiction - the adjudicator |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
362 | (38) |
|
|
362 | (2) |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
17.2 When to think about natural justice |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
17.3 Options when a natural justice point arises |
|
|
364 | (2) |
|
17.4 Bias and apparent bias |
|
|
366 | (12) |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
17.4.4 Prior involvement in the project or in a separate dispute |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
17.4.5 Appointment of the same adjudicator |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
17.4.6 Communication between the adjudicator and one party: pre-appointment |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
17.4.7 Communication between the adjudicator and one party: post-appointment |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (2) |
|
17.4.9 Failure to make information available to the parties |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
17.4.10 Failure to carry out a site visit |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
17.4.11 Organisation of meetings and hearings |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
17.4.13 Without prejudice communications |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
378 | (21) |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
17.5.2 Referring party's conduct pre-adjudication |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
17.5.4 Ambush/no opportunity or insufficient opportunity to respond |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
17.5.6 Dispute is too large or complex |
|
|
382 | (2) |
|
17.5.7 Failing to address an issue, part of a submission or evidence |
|
|
384 | (5) |
|
17.5.8 Failure to permit a further submission or information |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
17.5.9 Failure to follow the agreed procedure |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
17.5.10 Adjudicator's timetable unfair |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
17.5.11 Documents received late or not at all |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
17.5.12 Failure to inform the parties about an approach taken or methodology used |
|
|
392 | (3) |
|
17.5.13 Failure to inform the parties about advice from a third party |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
17.5.14 Failure to inform the parties about use of own knowledge and expertise |
|
|
395 | (2) |
|
17.5.15 Failure to inform the parties about preliminary view |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
17.5.16 Sufficiency of reasons |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
17.6 Checklist: Natural justice - the parties and the adjudicator |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
18 Further grounds for resisting enforcement |
|
|
400 | (6) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
404 | (2) |
|
|
406 | (21) |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
19.2 Differences between the Scheme and the Scottish Scheme |
|
|
408 | (3) |
|
19.2.1 1998 Scheme and 1998 Scottish Scheme |
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
19.2.2 2011 Scheme and 2011 Scottish Scheme |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
19.3 Enforcement of an adjudicator's award |
|
|
411 | (7) |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
19.3.2 Enforcement procedure |
|
|
412 | (2) |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
19.3.4 The Scottish courts' approach to jurisdictional challenges |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
19.3.5 The Scottish courts' approach to natural justice challenges |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
19.3.6 Miscellaneous points |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
19.4 Issues of divergence between England and Wales and Scotland |
|
|
418 | (9) |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
19.4.2 Failure to comply with subsections 108(1)-(4) of the Act |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
19.4.3 Adjudicator's decision out of time |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
19.4.4 Parties' costs under the 1996 Act |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
420 | (2) |
|
19.4.6 Approbation and reprobation |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
19.4.7 The size and nature of the claim |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
19.4.9 The adjudicator taking advice from a third party or using his own knowledge |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (2) |
|
20 Northern Ireland: Michael Humphreys QC |
|
|
427 | (16) |
|
|
427 | (2) |
|
20.2 Enforcement of adjudicators' awards |
|
|
429 | (5) |
|
20.2.1 The writ of summons |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
20.2.2 The application for summary judgment |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
20.2.3 The hearing of the application |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
20.2.4 Incidence of costs |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
20.2.6 Enforcement of judgments |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
20.3 An alternative remedy - declaratory relief |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
20.4 Judicial consideration |
|
|
435 | (11) |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
20.4.2 No construction contract |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
20.4.4 Setting off against an adjudicator's decision |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
20.4.5 Financial difficulty of the paying party |
|
|
437 | (2) |
|
20.4.6 Insufficient time to respond |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (4) |
Part II International |
|
|
|
443 | (3) |
|
22 Australia: Peter Wood and Phillip Greenham |
|
|
446 | (15) |
|
|
446 | (3) |
|
22.1.1 Initial introduction in NSW |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
22.1.2 Rollout across the remaining states |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
22.1.3 East-west coast divide |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
22.1.4 Consequences of the divide |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
22.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication |
|
|
449 | (4) |
|
22.2.1 Construction contract |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
22.2.3 Claimable variations and excluded amounts in Victoria |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
22.2.6 Who may refer a dispute under a construction contract to adjudication? |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
22.3 Adjudication process |
|
|
453 | (3) |
|
22.3.1 Appointment of the adjudicator |
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
22.3.2 Conduct of the adjudication |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
22.4 Determination, effect and costs |
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
22.4.1 Form of the decision |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
22.4.2 Effect of the decision |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (3) |
|
22.5.1 Process for enforcement |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
22.5.2 Express rights of appeal |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
22.5.3 Judicial review of adjudication determinations |
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
23 Ireland: Dermot McEvoy |
|
|
461 | (12) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
23.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication |
|
|
462 | (2) |
|
23.3 Adjudication process |
|
|
464 | (5) |
|
23.3.1 Notice of adjudication |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
23.3.2 Appointment of an adjudicator |
|
|
465 | (2) |
|
23.3.3 Powers and duties of an adjudicator |
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
23.4 Determination, effect and costs |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
|
473 | (14) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
24.2 Requirements for commencing the adjudication process |
|
|
474 | (4) |
|
24.2.1 What contracts are caught by the 2012 Act? |
|
|
474 | (4) |
|
24.2.2 Retrospective effect of the 2012 Act |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
24.3 Adjudication process |
|
|
478 | (3) |
|
24.3.1 Step 1: Payment claim |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
24.3.2 Step 2: Initiation of adjudication |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
24.3.3 Step 3: Appointment |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
24.3.4 Step 4: Submissions |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
24.3.5 Step 5: The adjudicator |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
24.4 Administration of the adjudication |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
24.5 Determination, effect and costs |
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
24.5.1 Form and timing of the decision |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
24.5.2 Effect of the decision |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
24.6.1 Suspension or a reduction in the pace of work |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
24.6.2 Secure direct payment from principal |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
|
485 | (2) |
|
25 New Zealand: Tomas Kennedy-Grant QC |
|
|
487 | (14) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
25.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication |
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
25.3 Adjudication process |
|
|
490 | (3) |
|
25.4 Determination, effect and costs |
|
|
493 | (3) |
|
25.4.1 Rights of a non-respondent owner |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
496 | (4) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
26 Singapore: Steven Cannon |
|
|
501 | (22) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
26.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication |
|
|
502 | (2) |
|
26.2.1 What contracts are caught by the 2004 Act? |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
26.2.2 Contracting out, the date of execution of the contract and contracts made in writing |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (4) |
|
26.3.1 The right to progress payments |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
26.3.2 The payment regime |
|
|
504 | (3) |
|
26.3.3 The crystallisation of a dispute and the dispute settlement period |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
26.4 Adjudication process |
|
|
508 | (7) |
|
26.4.1 The role of the Singapore Mediation Centre |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
26.4.2 Notice of an intention to adjudicate |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
26.4.3 The adjudication application |
|
|
509 | (3) |
|
26.4.4 The role of the adjudicator |
|
|
512 | (3) |
|
26.5 Determination, effect and costs |
|
|
515 | (3) |
|
26.5.1 The adjudicator's determination |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
26.5.2 The costs of the adjudication |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
26.5.3 Adjudication review applications |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
26.5.4 The effect of an adjudicator's determination |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
26.6.1 Enforcement of the adjudicator's determination |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
26.6.2 Setting aside the adjudicator's determination |
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
|
520 | |
Appendices |
|
|
Appendix 1 The 1996 Act as amended |
|
|
523 | (7) |
|
Appendix 2 The 1998 Scheme as amended |
|
|
530 | (8) |
|
Appendix 3 Glossary (UK only) |
|
|
538 | (4) |
|
|
542 | (19) |
|
Appendix 5 Summary comparison of UK adjudication rules |
|
|
561 | (9) |
|
Appendix 6 Details of UK adjudicator nominating bodies |
|
|
570 | (8) |
|
Appendix 7 Comparison of UK and international statutory regimes |
|
|
578 | (6) |
|
Appendix 8 Case index: by subject matter |
|
|
584 | (94) |
|
Appendix 9 Alphabetical case index |
|
|
678 | (31) |
Index |
|
709 | |