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El. knyga: Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance

  • Formatas: 434 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Jan-2005
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309133401
  • Formatas: 434 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Jan-2005
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309133401

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Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentan epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century.



Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Extent and Consequences of Childhood Obesity 3 Developing An Action Plan 4 A National Public Health Priority 5 Industry, Advertising, Media, and Public Education 6 Local Communities 7 Schools 8 Home 9 Confronting the Childhood Obesity Epidemic Appendix A: Acronyms Appendix B: Glossary Appendix C: Literature Review Appendix D: Lessons Learned from Public Health Efforts and Their Relevance to Preventing Childhood Obesity Appendix E: Workshop Programs Appendix F: Biographical Sketches Index
Executive Summary 1(20)
Introduction
21(33)
An Epidemic of Childhood Obesity
21(1)
Implications for Children and Society at Large
22(3)
Contexts for Action
25(19)
Public Health Precedents
44(3)
Summary
47(1)
References
48(6)
Extent and Consequences of Childhood Obesity
54(25)
Prevalence and Time Trends
54(11)
Considering the Costs for Children and for Society
65(7)
Summary
72(1)
References
73(6)
Developing an Action Plan
79(46)
Definitions and Terminology
79(4)
Framework for Action
83(3)
Obesity Prevention Goals
86(4)
Energy Balance
90(17)
Review of the Evidence
107(8)
Summary
115(1)
References
115(10)
A National Public Health Priority
125(28)
Leadership, Coordination, and Priority Setting
129(2)
State and Local Priorities
131(3)
Research and Evaluation
134(3)
Surveillance and Monitoring
137(4)
Nutrition and Physical Activity Programs
141(1)
Nutrition Assistance Programs
142(2)
Agricultural Policies
144(2)
Other Policy Considerations
146(1)
Recommendation
147(1)
References
148(5)
Industry, Advertising, Media, and Public Education
153(41)
Industry
153(13)
Nutrition Labeling
166(5)
Advertising, Marketing, and Media
171(6)
Media and Public Education
177(8)
References
185(9)
Local Communities
194(43)
Mobilizing Communities
194(27)
Health Care
221(6)
References
227(10)
Schools
237(48)
Food and Beverages in Schools
238(15)
Physical Activity
253(8)
Classroom Curricula
261(4)
Advertising in Schools
265(4)
School Health Services
269(3)
After-School Programs and Schools as Community Centers
272(2)
Evaluation of School Programs and Policies
274(2)
Recommendation
276(2)
References
278(7)
Home
285(34)
Promoting Healthful Eating Behaviors
287(9)
Promoting Physical Activity
296(5)
Decreasing Inactivity
301(4)
Parents as Role Models
305(1)
Raising Awareness of Weight as a Health Issue
306(2)
Recommendation
308(1)
References
309(10)
Confronting the Childhood Obesity Epidemic
319(76)
Next Steps for Action and Research
322(5)
APPENDIXES
A Acronyms
327(4)
B Glossary
331(8)
C Literature Review
339(4)
D Lessons Learned from Public Health Efforts and Their Relevance to Preventing Childhood Obesity
343(34)
E Workshop Programs
377(6)
F Biographical Sketches
383(12)
Index 395


Jeffrey P. Koplan, Catharyn T. Liverman, and Vivica A. Kraak, Editors, Committee on Prevention of Obesity in Children and Youth