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Prevention of Accidents and Unwanted Occurrences: Theory, Methods, and Tools in Safety Management, Second Edition 2nd edition [Kietas viršelis]

(Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway), (Norwegian University of Science & Technology, Trondheim, Norway)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 570 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 940 g, 82 Tables, black and white; 103 Line drawings, black and white; 23 Halftones, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Mar-2017
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1498736599
  • ISBN-13: 9781498736596
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Prevention of Accidents and Unwanted Occurrences: Theory, Methods, and Tools in Safety Management, Second Edition 2nd editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 570 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 940 g, 82 Tables, black and white; 103 Line drawings, black and white; 23 Halftones, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Mar-2017
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1498736599
  • ISBN-13: 9781498736596
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781498736596.html
Raktažodžiai:

This new edition comes after about 15 years of development in the field of safety science and practice. The book addresses the question of how to improve risk assessments, investigations, and organizational learning inside companies in order to prevent unwanted occurrences. The book helps the reader in analyzing the subject from different scientific perspectives to demonstrate how they contribute to an overall understanding. It also gives a comprehensive overview of different methods and tools for use in safety practice and helps the reader in analyzing their scope, merits, and shortcomings. The book raises a number of critical issues to be addressed in the improvement process.

Preface xv
Acknowledgements xxiii
Authors xxv
Section I: Introduction
Chapter 1 Introducing some basic concepts
3(6)
Chapter 2 Framework conditions
9(10)
2.1 Conditions inside the company
9(4)
2.1.1 Size, type of technology, and resources
9(2)
2.1.2 The organisational context
11(2)
2.2 Conditions outside the organisation
13(6)
2.2.1 Regulatory requirements for the management of safety
13(2)
2.2.2 Regulations on record keeping and on reporting injuries and incidents to the authorities
15(1)
2.2.3 Workers' compensation systems
16(1)
2.2.4 International standards and guidelines
16(2)
2.2.5 Other non-governmental organisations
18(1)
Chapter 3 Case study
19(6)
3.1 Reducing emissions into the air from a fertiliser plant
19(6)
Section II: Theoretical foundation
Chapter 4 Accident theory and models
25(26)
4.1 On the need for accident models
25(2)
4.2 Causal-sequence models
27(4)
4.3 Process models
31(3)
4.4 The energy model
34(4)
4.4.1 The Swiss cheese model
37(1)
4.5 Logical tree models
38(1)
4.6 System models
39(7)
4.6.1 Hierarchical root-cause analysis models
40(1)
4.6.2 Safety management models
40(5)
4.6.3 Systemic accident models
45(1)
4.7 Use of accident models in investigations of accidents and near accidents
46(1)
4.8 Safety culture
47(4)
Chapter 5 Framework for accident analysis
51(36)
5.1 Characteristics of the accident sequence
51(7)
5.2 Types of data and scales of measurement
58(1)
5.3 Consequences of accidents
59(9)
5.3.1 Types of consequences
59(1)
5.3.2 Measures of loss
60(1)
5.3.3 Economic consequences of accidents
60(6)
5.3.4 Actual versus potential losses
66(2)
5.4 Incident (uncontrolled energy flow)
68(1)
5.5 Deviations
69(3)
5.6 Contributing factors and root causes
72(19)
5.6.1 Contributing factors at the functional department and work-system levels
75(4)
5.6.2 Root causes at the general and HSE-management-systems levels
79(2)
5.6.2.1 Causes derived from quality-assurance principles
80(1)
5.6.3 Causes derived from safety culture elements
81(1)
5.6.4 Problems in identifying causal factors
81(6)
Chapter 6 The occurrence of accidents over time
87(4)
Chapter 7 Management of safety through experience feedback
91(26)
7.1 What is meant by experience feedback?
91(1)
7.2 Feedback and use of safety-related information in decision-making
92(2)
7.3 Feedback mechanisms
94(4)
7.3.1 Juran's feedback cycle for the control of anything
95(1)
7.3.2 The diagnostic process
96(1)
7.3.3 Deming's cycle
97(1)
7.4 Scope and level of feedback
98(6)
7.4.1 Ashby's law of requisite variety
98(3)
7.4.2 Van Court Hare's hierarchy of order of feedback
101(3)
7.5 Safety information systems
104(4)
7.5.1 Developing the model further
107(1)
7.6 Organisational learning
108(2)
7.7 Obstacles in the management of safety through experience feedback
110(4)
7.7.1 Limitations in human information processing
110(2)
7.7.2 Organisational defences
112(2)
7.8 Effects of experience feedback on the risk of accidents
114(3)
Chapter 8 Criteria for assessing the efficiency of experience feedback
117(12)
8.1 The feedback control cycle
118(5)
8.1.1 Requirements for safety performance indicators
119(1)
8.1.2 Requirements for the different elements of the safety performance monitoring system and the system as a whole
120(3)
8.1.2.1 Data collection
120(2)
8.1.2.2 Distribution and presentation of information
122(1)
8.1.2.3 The safety performance monitoring system as a whole
123(1)
8.2 Diagnosis
123(6)
8.2.1 Incident investigations
123(3)
8.2.1.1 Notification and initial recording
124(1)
8.2.1.2 Investigation
124(1)
8.2.1.3 Decisions
125(1)
8.2.1.4 Implementation and follow-up
126(1)
8.2.1.5 Summary
126(1)
8.2.2 Risk assessment process
126(3)
Chapter 9 Barriers against loss
129(30)
9.1 Definitions
130(4)
9.2 Passive and active barriers
134(1)
9.3 Defence in depth
135(2)
9.4 Limitations of barriers
137(5)
9.4.1 Quality of barriers
140(1)
9.4.2 Inspection, testing and maintenance of barriers
141(1)
9.5 Applying barriers in the prevention of occupational accidents
142(7)
9.5.1 Machinery safety
142(4)
9.5.2 Safety against chemical hazards
146(1)
9.5.3 Safety in the use of cranes
147(1)
9.5.4 Safety in the use of heavy mobile equipment
148(1)
9.6 Permit-to-work system
149(3)
9.7 Emergency response management
152(7)
Chapter 10 The human element in accident control
159(18)
10.1 The human operator as a barrier element
159(3)
10.2 Human error
162(7)
10.2.1 The theory of risk homeostasis
166(1)
10.2.2 Successful operations and failure-free organisations
167(2)
10.3 Managing the human element in accident prevention
169(8)
10.3.1 Modification of the physical and organisational context
170(1)
10.3.2 Personnel-related measures
171(1)
10.3.3 Effectiveness of measures directed at workers
172(5)
Section III: Learning from incidents and deviations
Chapter 11 Sources of data on accident risks
177(4)
11.1 The ideal scope of different data-collection methods
177(1)
11.2 Filters and barriers in data collection
177(4)
Chapter 12 Hazard identification, safety inspections and audits
181(20)
12.1 Hazard identification
181(2)
12.2 Safety inspections
183(6)
12.2.1 Workplace inspections
184(3)
12.2.2 Management inspections
187(1)
12.2.3 Inspection and testing of barrier integrity
188(1)
12.3 Safety audits
189(12)
12.3.1 General guidelines for the auditing of management systems
190(6)
12.3.2 Example: Safety audit of a hydropower plant during refurbishment
196(3)
12.3.3 Application of SMORT in audits
199(2)
Chapter 13 Incident reporting and investigation
201(60)
13.1 Why investigate incidents?
201(1)
13.2 The steps in the investigation
202(2)
13.3 Investigations at three levels
204(5)
13.3.1 Applying SMORT in investigations at three levels
208(1)
13.4 Reporting and first recording of incidents
209(12)
13.4.1 Problems of underreporting
211(1)
13.4.2 The significance of reporting near accidents
212(3)
13.4.3 Behaviour theory applied to the reporting of incidents
215(2)
13.4.4 Employees' self-reporting of unwanted occurrences
217(3)
13.4.5 Reporting to the authorities
220(1)
13.5 Immediate (Level 1) investigation and follow-up
221(5)
13.5.1 The quality of the supervisor's first report
221(1)
13.5.2 Well-defined routines for reporting, investigation and follow-up
222(1)
13.5.3 Use of checklists and reporting forms
223(3)
13.6 Internal (Level 2) investigation
226(19)
13.6.1 Case: Incident involving flow of water into tunnel during repair work
226(1)
13.6.2 Establishing the sequence of events
227(6)
13.6.3 Identification and assessment of deviations
233(1)
13.6.4 Barrier analysis
233(2)
13.6.5 Analysis of contributing factors in the man-machine system and at the place of work
235(3)
13.6.5.1 Group problem-solving
236(2)
13.6.6 Investigating the human factor
238(3)
13.6.7 Developing accident prevention measures
241(1)
13.6.8 Quality assurance of the Level 2 investigation report
242(1)
13.6.9 Costs of accidents
243(1)
13.6.10 Computer-supported investigation, reporting and follow-up
243(2)
13.6.11 Procedure for Level 2 investigations
245(1)
13.7 Independent (Level 3) investigation
245(16)
13.7.1 The steps in an in-depth investigation.
248(7)
13.7.1.1 Securing the scene
249(1)
13.7.1.2 Appointing an investigation team
250(1)
13.7.1.3 Introductory meeting and planning the team's work
251(1)
13.7.1.4 Collection of information
252(1)
13.7.1.5 Evaluation and organising of information
253(1)
13.7.1.6 Preparing the team's report
254(1)
13.7.1.7 Follow-up meeting
255(1)
13.7.1.8 Follow-up and close-out
255(1)
13.7.2 Applying SMORT in Level 3 investigations
255(2)
13.7.2.1 Outline of a SMORT analysis
255(1)
13.7.2.2 Case: Incident involving flow of water into tunnel during repair work
256(1)
13.7.3 Legal aspects of the team's report
257(4)
Chapter 14 Accumulated incident experience
261(20)
14.1 Applying incident data in a safety information system
263(1)
14.2 Incident database
264(2)
14.2.1 Coding of incident data
265(1)
14.3 Accessing the database
266(2)
14.4 Analysis of incident data
268(13)
14.4.1 Finding incident repeaters
268(1)
14.4.2 Uni- and bi-variate distribution analyses
269(2)
14.4.3 Incident concentration analysis
271(2)
14.4.4 Analysis of accident causes
273(2)
14.4.5 Analysis of remedial actions
275(1)
14.4.6 Statistical methods for incident analysis as part of continuous improvement
275(6)
Section IV: Monitoring of safety performance
Chapter 15 Overview of safety performance indicators
281(8)
15.1 Measures of risk
283(1)
15.2 Leading and lagging safety performance indicators
284(5)
Chapter 16 Loss-based safety performance indicators
289(16)
16.1 The lost-time and total recordable injury frequency rates
289(11)
16.1.1 The control chart
290(4)
16.1.2 Trends
294(1)
16.1.3 Comparison among plants
295(1)
16.1.4 The problems of safety performance measurement
296(4)
16.1.5 Zero-goal mindset
300(1)
16.2 Other loss-based safety performance indicators
300(5)
Chapter 17 Process-based safety performance indicators
305(12)
17.1 Incident reporting
305(3)
17.1.1 Employees' self-reporting of incidents and unwanted occurrences
306(1)
17.1.2 Reporting of incidents related to process safety
307(1)
17.1.3 Reporting of high-potential (HIPO) incidents
307(1)
17.1.4 Assessment relative to the quality criteria
308(1)
17.2 Reporting of deviations
308(9)
17.2.1 Statutory compliance
310(1)
17.2.2 Behavioural sampling
310(3)
17.2.3 Housekeeping index
313(1)
17.2.4 Barrier performance
314(1)
17.2.5 Assessment relative to the quality criteria
315(2)
Chapter 18 Causal factor-based safety performance indicators
317(16)
18.1 Performance indicators based on contributing factors at the workplace
317(3)
18.1.1 Measuring the degree of learning from incident investigations
317(2)
18.1.2 Assessment relative to quality criteria
319(1)
18.2 Performance indicators based on factors in corporate management and in the HSE management system
320(13)
18.2.1 General management factors
322(1)
18.2.2 HSE management system
323(6)
18.2.2.1 International Safety Rating System
324(2)
18.2.2.2 Self-rating as a means of improving HSE management
326(3)
18.2.3 Measurement of safety climate
329(1)
18.2.4 Assessment relative to the quality criteria
330(3)
Chapter 19 Selecting safety performance indicators
333(6)
19.1 Issues to be addressed in the selection process
333(1)
19.2 Examples of combinations of performance indicators
334(1)
19.2.1 Corporate level
334(1)
19.2.2 Plant or facility level
335(1)
19.3 Considerations regarding potential unwanted effects from the application of safety performance monitoring
335(4)
Section V: Risk assessment
Chapter 20 The risk assessment process
339(14)
20.1 What is risk?
339(1)
20.2 The risk assessment process
340(6)
20.2.1 Establishing a risk picture
342(2)
20.2.2 Risk evaluation
344(2)
20.3 Methods of risk analysis
346(7)
Chapter 21 Coarse analysis
353(10)
21.1 Plan and prepare
354(2)
21.1.1 Objectives and decision requirements
354(1)
21.1.2 Describe and delimit analysis object
354(1)
21.1.3 Establish study team and analysis plan
355(1)
21.1.4 Background information and familiarisation
356(1)
21.2 Hazard identification and analysis of causes
356(1)
21.3 Establish the risk picture and evaluate the risk
356(3)
21.4 Risk treatment
359(1)
21.4.1 Development of safety measures
359(1)
21.4.2 Documentation and follow-up of results
359(1)
21.5 Establishing a database on potential accidents
360(3)
Chapter 22 Job safety analysis
363(8)
22.1 Analysis object and organisation of the analysis
363(1)
22.2 The steps of a JSA
364(3)
22.2.1 Description of the steps of the job
365(1)
22.2.2 Subsequent steps
365(2)
22.2.3 Execution of work
367(1)
22.3 Merits and limitations
367(1)
22.4 Systematic mapping of hazards within an organisation
368(3)
Chapter 23 Risk assessments of machinery
371(12)
23.1 Requirements as to risk assessments
371(1)
23.2 Method for risk assessment of machinery
372(11)
23.2.1 Determination of the limits of the machinery
374(2)
23.2.2 Hazard identification
376(1)
23.2.3 Risk estimation and evaluation
376(7)
Chapter 24 Comparison risk assessment
383(12)
24.1 Application of risk acceptance criteria in comparison analysis
383(1)
24.2 Risk-assessment model
384(3)
24.2.1 Assumptions
386(1)
24.3 The steps of the assessment
387(8)
Section VI: Putting the pieces together
Chapter 25 The oil and gas industry
395(36)
25.1 Accidents in offshore oil and gas production
395(1)
25.2 The Ymer platform
396(1)
25.2.1 Design
396(1)
25.2.2 Organisation and manning
397(1)
25.3 Prevention of accidents in design
397(19)
25.3.1 The phase model for the planning and execution of investment projects
397(3)
25.3.2 Safety management principles
400(7)
25.3.2.1 Acceptance criteria for the risk of losses due to accidents
402(1)
25.3.2.2 Experience transfer between operation and design
403(2)
25.3.2.3 Control and verification activities
405(2)
25.3.3 Prevention of major accidents
407(6)
25.3.3.1 Concept selection and definition
407(3)
25.3.3.2 Project execution
410(3)
25.3.4 Prevention of occupational accidents
413(3)
25.3.4.1 Concept definition and preparation for project execution
413(2)
25.3.4.2 Project execution
415(1)
25.4 Construction site safety
416(6)
25.4.1 Step 1: Planning
416(1)
25.4.2 Step 2: Pre-qualification
417(1)
25.4.3 Step 3: Invitation to tender, evaluation and contract award
418(1)
25.4.4 Step 4: Mobilisation
419(1)
25.4.5 Step 5: Execution, follow-up during construction
419(3)
25.4.6 Step 6: De-mobilisation, evaluation and close-out
422(1)
25.5 Safety during plant operation
422(9)
25.5.1 HSE management principles
422(2)
25.5.2 Policy and goals
424(1)
25.5.3 Planning and implementation
424(2)
25.5.4 Control and verification
426(5)
25.5.4.1 Reporting of accidents and unwanted occurrences
426(1)
25.5.4.2 Workplace inspections
427(1)
25.5.4.3 Control of barrier availability
427(2)
25.5.4.4 Risk assessments
429(1)
25.5.4.5 Audits
429(2)
Chapter 26 The hydropower industry
431(18)
26.1 Accident risks in hydropower development and operation
431(4)
26.1.1 Major accidents with multiple fatalities
432(2)
26.1.2 Occupational accidents
434(1)
26.2 The David hydropower plant
435(6)
26.2.1 The phase model for project management
437(1)
26.2.2 Management of accident risks in design
437(4)
26.3 HSE management in construction
441(6)
26.4 HSE management in operation and maintenance
447(2)
Chapter 27 Work-related road transportation
449(22)
27.1 Accidents in road transportation
449(1)
27.2 Principles for the management of safety in road transportation
450(10)
27.2.1 Measures of risk
450(1)
27.2.2 Points for intervention
451(7)
27.2.2.1 The driver
452(2)
27.2.2.2 The vehicle
454(2)
27.2.2.3 The transportation environment
456(2)
27.2.3 Road transportation safety management
458(2)
27.3 Case: Road safety management practices in a power company
460(11)
27.3.1 Road transportation safety management
461(2)
27.3.2 Road transportation risk assessment
463(8)
Chapter 28 Epilogue
471(4)
Appendix A: Definitions 475(4)
Appendix B: SMORT checklists and questionnaire 479(36)
Bibliography 515(18)
Index 533
Urban Kjellen, Eirik Albrechtsen