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Principles of Competition Law in South Africa [Minkštas viršelis]

(Professor and Advocate), , , Edited by (Advocate), (Advocate)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 480 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 241x169x18 mm, weight: 580 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Sep-2016
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Southern Africa
  • ISBN-10: 0199076537
  • ISBN-13: 9780199076536
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Principles of Competition Law in South AfricaDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 480 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 241x169x18 mm, weight: 580 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Sep-2016
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Southern Africa
  • ISBN-10: 0199076537
  • ISBN-13: 9780199076536
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780199076536.html
Raktažodžiai:
Principles of Competition Law in South Africa offers an accessible, applied and rigorous introduction to the general principles of competition law and policy in South Africa. The text presents the fundamental principles of competition law within a clear and practical framework, and supports enquiring engagement with critical and reflective issues.

Principles of Competition Law in South Africa offers an accessible, applied and rigorous introduction to the general principles of competition law and policy in South Africa. The text presents the fundamental principles of competition law within a clear and practical framework, and supports enquiring engagement with critical and reflective issues. Providing a comprehensive foundation of knowledge, the text introduces relevant, key concepts and perspectives of competition economic theory, inviting readers to deepen their understanding of the core subject matter in an accessible manner. Principles of Competition Law in South Africa is suited as course material for students who are studying competition law as a module of the LLB degree programme, or at postgraduate level. It is also a useful resource for practitioners who may wish to engage with foundational and current principles of the field.
Preface xiii
Foreword xv
About the authors xvii
Specialist contributor xix
About the book xxi
Chapter 1 Building Blocks 1(36)
1.1 What is competition law?
2(1)
1.2 What are the aims of competition law?
2(3)
1.2.1 Economic aims
2(1)
1.2.2 Objects of the Competition Act
3(2)
1.3 The development of competition law
5(8)
1.3.1 Historical origins and recent developments
5(3)
1.3.2 The historical development of competition law in South Africa
8(5)
1.3.2.1 Early competition legislation
8(1)
1.3.2.2 The formulation of the Competition Act
9(2)
1.3.2.3 Important developments
11(11)
1.3.2.3.1 Corporate Leniency Policy (CLP)
11(1)
1.3.2.3.2 Criminalisation of cartel conduct
12(1)
1.3.2.3.3 Market inquiries
12(1)
1.3.2.3.4 Private damages claims
12(1)
1.4 Practices controlled by the Competition Act
13(5)
1.4.1 Restrictive horizontal practices
13(2)
1.4.2 Restrictive vertical practices
15(1)
1.4.3 Abuse of a dominant position
16(1)
1.4.4 Mergers
17(1)
1.5 Competition theory
18(9)
1.5.1 Supply and demand
18(2)
1.5.2 Price elasticity
20(1)
1.5.3 Economies of scale and scope
21(1)
1.5.4 Perfect competition
22(2)
1.5.4.1 Allocative efficiency
23(1)
1.5.4.2 Productive efficiency
23(1)
1.5.4.3 Dynamic efficiency
24(1)
1.5.5 Monopoly and oligopoly
24(3)
1.6 Market definition and market power
27(10)
1.6.1 Introduction
27(1)
1.6.2 Market definition
27(7)
1.6.2.1 What is market definition?
27(2)
1.6.2.2 How does one define markets?
29(4)
1.6.2.2.1 Demand-side substitution and the 'SSNIP test'
29(2)
1.6.2.2.2 The 'cellophane fallacy'
31(2)
1.6.2.2.3 Supply-side substitution
33(1)
1.6.2.3 Concluding remarks
33(1)
1.6.3 Market power
34(7)
1.6.3.1 Essential characteristics of market power
34(1)
1.6.3.2 Measuring market power
35(2)
Chapter 2 Jurisdiction 37(22)
2.1 Introduction
37(1)
2.2 Basic principles of jurisdiction
38(3)
2.3 Foreign approaches to the extra-territorial application of competition laws
41(2)
2.3.1 The United States
41(1)
2.3.2 Europe and the United Kingdom
42(1)
2.4 Extra-territoriality and the South African Competition Act
43(5)
2.4.1 The elements of section 3 of the Competition Act
43(5)
2.4.1.1 Economic activity
44(1)
2.4.1.2 Economic effects
45(19)
2.4.1.2.1 The ANSAC cases
45(3)
2.5 Economic activity: the state and the profession exemptions
48(4)
2.5.1 The application of the Competition Act to activities of the state
48(2)
2.5.2 The profession exemptions
50(2)
2.6 Activities excluded from the application of the Competition Act
52(3)
2.6.1 Introduction
52(1)
2.6.2 The labour law exclusions
52(2)
2.6.3 Non-commercial socio-economic exclusions
54(1)
2.7 Concurrent jurisdiction
55(2)
2.8 The High Courts
57(2)
Chapter 3 Competition Law Framework 59(22)
3.1 Introduction
60(1)
3.1.1 The Competition Commission
60(1)
3.1.2 The Competition Tribunal
60(1)
3.1.3 The Competition Appeal Court
60(1)
3.2 The Competition Commission
61(10)
3.2.1 The Commission: an independent specialist administrative body
61(1)
3.2.2 Complaint initiations
62(2)
3.2.3 Complaint referrals
64(4)
3.2.3.1 Commission complaint referrals
64(2)
3.2.3.2 Private complaint referrals
66(2)
3.2.4 Prescription and double jeopardy
68(2)
3.2.4.1 Prescription
68(2)
3.2.4.2 Double jeopardy
70(1)
3.2.5 Market inquiries
70(1)
3.3 The Competition Tribunal
71(5)
3.3.1 The Competition Tribunal: a specialist administrative tribunal
71(1)
3.3.2 The boundaries of the Tribunal's adjudicative powers
72(1)
3.3.3 The Tribunal's jurisdiction to determine other matters
73(3)
3.3.3.1 Interim relief
74(1)
3.3.3.2 Mergers
75(1)
3.3.3.3 Intervention applications
75(1)
3.3.3.4 Exemptions
75(1)
3.3.3.5 Sui generis applications
75(1)
3.4 The Competition Appeal Court
76(3)
3.4.1 Introduction
76(1)
3.4.2 Appeals and reviews to the Competition Appeal Court
77(1)
3.4.2.1 Appeals
77(1)
3.4.2.2 Reviews
78(1)
3.4.3 Appeals from the Competition Appeal Court
78(1)
3.5 The civil courts
79(2)
Chapter 4 Restrictive Horizontal Practices 81(22)
4.1 Introduction
81(4)
4.2 'Per se'a/Outright prohibitions: cartel conduct
85(10)
4.2.1 Price fixing
89(1)
4.2.2 Market division
90(2)
4.2.3 Collusive tendering
92(3)
4.2.4 The Corporate Leniency Policy (CLP)
95(1)
4.2.5 The criminalisation of cartel conduct
95(1)
4.3 'Rule of reason' prohibitions
95(3)
4.4 Trade/industry associations and professional bodies
98(1)
4.5 Penalties for a contravention
99(2)
4.6 Exemptions
101(2)
Chapter 5 Restrictive Vertical Practices 103(14)
5.1 Introduction
103(4)
5.2 'Per se'/Outright prohibition: 'minimum resale price maintenance'
107(5)
5.3 'Rule of reason' prohibitions
112(2)
5.4 Penalties for a contravention
114(2)
5.5 Exemptions
116(1)
Chapter 6 Abuse Of Dominance 117(42)
6.1 Introduction
118(1)
6.2 Dominance
119(6)
6.2.1 Dominance as a theoretical concept
119(2)
6.2.1.1 Market definition and market power
119(2)
6.2.2 Dominance as a legal concept
121(4)
6.2.2.1 The legal test
121(2)
6.2.2.2 Super-dominance
123(1)
6.2.2.3 Joint or collective dominance
124(1)
6.3 The section 8 abuses
125(30)
6.3.1 Introduction to conduct prohibited under section 8
125(1)
6.3.2 Exploitative conduct
126(5)
6.3.2.1 Excessive pricing (section 8(a) of the Competition Act)
126(5)
6.3.3 Exclusionary conduct
131(24)
6.3.3.1 Introduction to the types of exclusionary conduct prohibited under the Competition Act
131(1)
6.3.3.2 Anti-competitive effects
132(3)
6.3.3.3 Monopoly leveraging
135(2)
6.3.3.4 Burden of proof and efficiency justifications
137(2)
6.3.3.5 Section 8(c): a 'catch-all' provision
139(1)
6.3.3.6 Specific exclusionary conduct under section 8
140(16)
6.3.3.6.1 Refusing to supply access to an essential facility (section 8(b) of the Competition Act)
140(3)
6.3.3.6.2 Requiring or inducing a customer not to deal with a competitor (inducements not to deal) (section 8(d)(i) of the Competition Act)
143(2)
6.3.3.6.3 Refusing to supply scarce goods to a competitor when it is economically feasible to do so (section 8(d)(ii) of the Competition Act)
145(2)
6.3.3.6.4 Selling goods or services on condition that the buyer purchases unrelated goods or services (tying) (section 8(d)(iii) of the Competition Act)
147(2)
6.3.3.6.5 Selling goods or services below their marginal or average cost (predatory pricing) (section 8(d)(iv) of the Competition Act)
149(4)
6.3.3.6.6 Buying-up a scarce supply of intermediate goods or resources required by a competitor (section 8(d)(v) of the Competition Act)
153(2)
6.4 Price discrimination
155(4)
6.4.1 Theoretical underpinnings
155(1)
6.4.2 The prohibition
156(4)
6.4.2.1 Introduction and elements
156(3)
Chapter 7 Mergers 159(60)
7.1 Introduction
160(5)
7.1.1 What is a merger?
160(1)
7.1.2 Introduction to the different types of mergers
161(1)
7.1.2.1 Horizontal mergers
161(1)
7.1.2.2 Vertical mergers
161(1)
7.1.2.3 Conglomerate mergers
162(1)
7.1.3 Why regulate mergers?
162(1)
7.1.4 Merger control under the Competition Act
163(2)
7.2 Procedural aspects of merger control
165(16)
7.2.1 The concept of 'control'
165(3)
7.2.2 Types of control under section 12(2) of the Competition Act
168(9)
7.2.2.1 Section 12(2)(a): control through the ownership of shares
168(3)
7.2.2.2 Section 12(2)(b): control through voting rights
171(1)
7.2.2.3 Section 12(2)(c): control through the right to appoint directors, or veto their appointment
172(1)
7.2.2.4 Section 12(2)(d): control through a subsidiary relationship
173(1)
7.2.2.5 Section 12(2)(e): control of a trust
173(1)
7.2.2.6 Section 12(2)(f): control of a close corporation
174(1)
7.2.2.7 Section 12(2)(g): control through the acquisition of 'material influence'
174(3)
7.2.3 Sole control, joint control and joint ventures
177(2)
7.2.4 Control over whole or part of a firm
179(2)
7.3 The notification of mergers
181(5)
7.3.1 Thresholds for notification
181(3)
7.3.2 Time periods for investigation and approval
184(1)
7.3.3 Interventions
184(1)
7.3.4 Outcome of merger investigations
185(1)
7.4 Substantive merger analysis
186(29)
7.4.1 The 'counterfactual'
186(1)
7.4.2 The role of market definition in merger analysis
187(2)
7.4.3 Substantive merger analysis under the Competition Act: an overview
189(5)
7.4.3.1 Section 12A(1)
189(2)
7.4.3.2 Section 12A(2)
191(2)
7.4.3.3 Section 12A(3)
193(1)
7.4.4 Horizontal mergers
194(11)
7.4.4.1 Unilateral effects
194(8)
7.4.4.1.1 Market shares and market concentration
195(2)
7.4.4.1.2 Entry and expansion
197(3)
7.4.4.1.3 Import competition
200(1)
7.4.4.1.4 Countervailing buyer power
200(2)
7.4.4.1.5 Removal of an 'effective' competitor
202(1)
7.4.4.2 Co-ordinated effects
202(2)
7.4.4.3 Failing firm doctrine
204(1)
7.4.5 Vertical mergers
205(3)
7.4.5.1 Foreclosure effects
207(1)
7.4.5.2 Other potential anti-competitive effects
207(1)
7.4.6 Conglomerate mergers
208(1)
7.4.7 The 'efficiency defence'
209(2)
7.4.8 Public interest considerations in merger control
211(10)
7.4.8.1 Concluding remarks on the individual public interest considerations
215(1)
7.5 Remedies
215(4)
Chapter 8 Enforcement 219(42)
8.1 Introduction
220(1)
8.2 Administrative penalties
221(14)
8.2.1 Overview
221(1)
8.2.2 Prohibited practices
222(1)
8.2.3 Mergers and contempt of Tribunal orders
223(2)
8.2.4 Calculating administrative penalties
225(4)
8.2.4.1 The statutory framework
225(1)
8.2.4.2 The evolving approach to administrative penalties
226(3)
8.2.5 The Commission's Guidelines
229(11)
8.2.5.1 Legal status
229(1)
8.2.5.2 The six-step approach
229(4)
8.2.5.3 Discounts for early settlement
233(1)
8.2.5.4 Ability to pay the administrative penalty
233(1)
8.2.5.5 'Imputing' liability to holding companies for administrative penalties of subsidiary companies
234(1)
8.2.5.6 Concluding remarks
235(1)
8.3 The Corporate Leniency Policy (CLP)
235(5)
8.4 Criminal sanctions: the 'cartel offence'
240(8)
8.4.1 Introduction
240(2)
8.4.2 The cartel offence in South Africa
242(6)
8.4.2.1 Overview: sections 73A(1) to (4)
242(2)
8.4.2.2 Criminal liability: imprisonment and fines
244(1)
8.4.2.3 Overview: sections 73A(5) and (6) and potential constitutional concerns
244(4)
8.4.2.3.1 What is the practical effect of section 73A(5)?
245(3)
8.4.2.4 Concluding remarks
248(1)
8.5 Private damages
248(6)
8.5.1 Introduction
248(1)
8.5.2 Damages claims under the Competition Act
249(4)
8.5.3 Class actions
253(1)
8.6 Other enforcement remedies
254(2)
8.6.1 Interdicts
254(1)
8.6.2 Contempt
255(1)
8.6.3 Divestiture
255(1)
8.6.4 Declarations
255(1)
8.6.5 Mandatory access or supply
256(1)
8.7 Market inquiries
256(2)
8.7.1 Overview
256(2)
8.7.2 What happens after a market inquiry?
258(1)
8.8 Exemptions
258(3)
Chapter 9 Competition Law And The Constitution 261(20)
9.1 Introduction
261(2)
9.2 Raising constitutional issues
263(7)
9.2.1 Review proceedings
263(3)
9.2.2 Decisions by the Tribunal
266(1)
9.2.3 Challenges to the constitutionality of the Competition Act
267(2)
9.2.4 Assessing constitutional violations
269(1)
9.3 Constitutional issues in the competition law sphere 270-
9.3.1 Initiation
270(1)
9.3.2 Investigation
270(7)
9.3.2.1 Legality of a warrant or summons
271(1)
9.3.2.2 The conduct of the search or the interrogation
272(1)
9.3.2.3 The right to privacy
273(1)
9.3.2.4 The right against self-incrimination
274(3)
9.3.3 Referral proceedings
277(3)
9.3.3.1 The right to property
277(3)
9.3.4 Related proceedings
280(1)
Appendix: Competition Act 89 of 1998 281(56)
Bibliography 337(6)
Table of cases 343(12)
Table of legislation 355(6)
Glossary 361(8)
Index 369
David Unterhalter SC joined Monckton Chambers in 2009. He is one of South Africa's foremost barristers, with a leading practice in competition law, trade law, public law (particularly as it applies to regulatory agencies) and commercial law. He is widely regarded as the leading competition law barrister in South Africa. In 2009, he transferred his practice to the English Bar.