Preface |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
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1 | (4) |
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1-1 The Importance of Principles |
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2 | (2) |
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1-2 The Importance of Sustainability |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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2 Water Quality and Public Health |
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5 | (20) |
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2-1 Relationship between Water Quality and Public Health |
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5 | (4) |
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2-2 Source Waters for Municipal Drinking Water Systems |
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9 | (8) |
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2-3 Regulations of Water Treatment in the United States |
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17 | (4) |
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2-4 Evolving Trends and Challenges in Drinking Water Treatment |
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21 | (2) |
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2-5 Summary and Study Guide |
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23 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (22) |
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3-1 Process Selection Based on Contaminant Properties |
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26 | (4) |
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3-2 Other Considerations in Process Selection |
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30 | (4) |
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3-3 Sustainability and Energy Considerations |
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34 | (5) |
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3-4 Design and Selection of Process Trains |
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39 | (3) |
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3-5 Summary and Study Guide |
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42 | (5) |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (2) |
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4 Fundamental Principles of Environmental Engineering |
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47 | (92) |
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4-1 Units of Expression for Chemical Concentrations |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (9) |
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60 | (3) |
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4-4 Reactions Used in Water Treatment |
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63 | (3) |
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4-5 Mass Balance Analysis |
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66 | (7) |
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4-6 Introduction to Reactors and Reactor Analysis |
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73 | (4) |
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4-7 Reactions in Batch Reactors |
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77 | (3) |
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4-8 Hydraulic Characteristics of Ideal Flow Reactors |
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80 | (4) |
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4-9 Reactions in Ideal Flow Reactors |
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84 | (4) |
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4-10 Measuring the Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow Reactors with Tracer Tests |
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88 | (7) |
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4-11 Describing the Hydraulic Performance of Real Flow Reactors |
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95 | (6) |
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4-12 Reactions in Real Flow Reactors |
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101 | (2) |
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4-13 Introduction to Mass Transfer |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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4-15 Diffusion Coefficients |
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106 | (9) |
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4-16 Models and Correlations for Mass Transfer at an Interface |
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115 | (11) |
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4-17 Evaluating the Concentration Gradient with Operating Diagrams |
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126 | (5) |
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4-18 Summary and Study Guide |
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131 | (8) |
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133 | (5) |
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138 | (1) |
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5 Coagulation and Flocculation |
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139 | (54) |
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5-1 Role of Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment |
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140 | (2) |
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5-2 Stability of Particles in Water |
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142 | (7) |
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5-3 Principles of Coagulation |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (12) |
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5-5 Principles of Mixing for Coagulation and Flocculation |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (2) |
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5-7 Principles of Flocculation |
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165 | (5) |
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5-8 Flocculation Practice |
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170 | (16) |
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5-9 Energy and Sustainability Considerations |
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186 | (1) |
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5-10 Summary and Study Guide |
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187 | (6) |
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188 | (2) |
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190 | (3) |
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193 | (42) |
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6-1 Principles of Discrete (Type I) Particle Settling |
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196 | (5) |
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6-2 Discrete Settling in Ideal Rectangulor Sedimentation Basins |
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201 | (4) |
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6-3 Principles of Flocculant (Type II) Particle Settling |
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205 | (1) |
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6-4 Principles of Hindered (Type III) Settling |
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206 | (5) |
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6-5 Conventional Sedimentation Basin Design |
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211 | (9) |
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6-6 Alternative Sedimentation Processes |
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220 | (8) |
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6-7 Physical Factors Affecting Sedimentation |
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228 | (2) |
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6-8 Energy and Sustainability Considerations |
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230 | (1) |
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6-9 Summary and Study Guide |
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231 | (4) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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7 Rapid Granular Filtration |
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235 | (46) |
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7-1 Physical Description of a Rapid Granular Filter |
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236 | (6) |
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7-2 Process Description of Rapid Filtration |
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242 | (4) |
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7-3 Particle Capture in Granular Filtration |
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246 | (9) |
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7-4 Head Loss through a Clean Filter Bed |
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255 | (3) |
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7-5 Modeling of Performance and Optimization |
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258 | (8) |
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266 | (7) |
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7-7 Energy and Sustainability Considerations |
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273 | (1) |
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7-8 Summary and Study Guide |
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274 | (7) |
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275 | (3) |
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278 | (3) |
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281 | (46) |
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8-1 Classification of Membrane Processes |
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282 | (2) |
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8-2 Comparison to Rapid Granular Filtration |
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284 | (2) |
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8-3 Principal Features of Membrane Filtration Equipment |
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286 | (10) |
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8-4 Process Description of Membrane Filtration |
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296 | (5) |
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8-5 Particle Capture in Membrane Filtration |
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301 | (4) |
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8-6 Hydraulics of Flow through Membrane Filters |
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305 | (4) |
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309 | (7) |
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8-8 Sizing of Membrane Skids |
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316 | (3) |
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8-9 Energy and Sustainability Considerations |
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319 | (2) |
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8-10 Summary and Study Guide |
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321 | (6) |
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322 | (3) |
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325 | (2) |
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327 | (42) |
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9-1 Principal Features of a Reverse Osmosis Facility |
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329 | (6) |
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9-2 Osmotic Pressure and Reverse Osmosis |
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335 | (4) |
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9-3 Mass Transfer of Water and Solutes through RO Membranes |
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339 | (4) |
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9-4 Performance Dependence on Temperature and Pressure |
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343 | (5) |
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9-5 Concentration Polarization |
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348 | (5) |
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353 | (6) |
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9-7 Element Selection and Membrane Array Design |
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359 | (2) |
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9-8 Energy and Sustainability Considerations |
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361 | (3) |
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9-9 Summary and Study Guide |
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364 | (5) |
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365 | (3) |
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368 | (1) |
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10 Adsorption and Ion Exchange |
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369 | (68) |
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10-1 Introduction to the Adsorption Process |
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370 | (7) |
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10-2 Adsorption Equilibrium |
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377 | (5) |
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382 | (4) |
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10-4 Introduction to the Ion Exchange Process |
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386 | (9) |
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10-5 Ion Exchange Equilibrium |
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395 | (4) |
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10-6 Ion Exchange Kinetics |
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399 | (1) |
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10-7 Fixed-Bed Contactors |
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400 | (23) |
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10-8 Suspended-Media Reactors |
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423 | (6) |
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10-9 Energy and Sustainability Considerations |
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429 | (1) |
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10-10 Summary and Study Guide |
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430 | (7) |
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431 | (4) |
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435 | (2) |
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11 Air Stripping and Aeration |
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437 | (40) |
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11-1 Types of Air Stripping and Aeration Contactors |
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438 | (5) |
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11-2 Gas-Liquid Equilibrium |
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443 | (6) |
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11-3 Fundamentals of Packed Tower Air Stripping |
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449 | (10) |
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11-4 Design and Analysis of Packed-Tower Air Stripping |
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459 | (12) |
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11-5 Energy and Sustainability Considerations |
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471 | (1) |
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11-6 Summary and Study Guide |
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472 | (5) |
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473 | (2) |
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475 | (2) |
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477 | (48) |
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12-1 Introduction to Advanced Oxidation |
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479 | (7) |
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12-2 Ozonation as an Advanced Oxidation Process |
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486 | (8) |
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12-3 Hydrogen Peroxide/Ozone Process |
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494 | (11) |
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12-4 Hydrogen Peroxide/UV Light Process |
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505 | (13) |
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12-5 Energy and Sustainability Considerations |
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518 | (1) |
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12-6 Summary and Study Guide |
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519 | (6) |
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520 | (2) |
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522 | (3) |
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525 | (60) |
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13-1 Disinfection Agents and Systems |
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526 | (6) |
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13-2 Disinfection with Free and Combined Chlorine |
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532 | (6) |
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13-3 Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide |
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538 | (1) |
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13-4 Disinfection with Ozone |
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538 | (5) |
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13-5 Disinfection with Ultraviolet Light |
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543 | (12) |
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13-6 Disinfection Kinetics |
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555 | (10) |
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13-7 Disinfection Kinetics in Real Flow Reactors |
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565 | (2) |
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13-8 Design of Disinfection Contactors with Low Dispersion |
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567 | (5) |
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13-9 Disinfection By-products |
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572 | (3) |
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13-10 Residual Maintenance |
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575 | (1) |
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13-11 Energy and Sustainability Considerations |
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576 | (2) |
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13-12 Summary and Study Guide |
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578 | (7) |
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579 | (2) |
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581 | (4) |
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585 | (36) |
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14-1 Defining the Problem |
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586 | (5) |
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14-2 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Residuals |
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591 | (4) |
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14-3 Alum and Iron Coagulation Sludge |
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595 | (4) |
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14-4 Liquid Wastes from Granular Media Filters |
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599 | (2) |
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14-5 Management of Residual Liquid Streams |
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601 | (3) |
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14-6 Management of Residual Sludge |
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604 | (10) |
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14-7 Ultimate Reuse and Disposal of Semisolid Residuals |
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614 | (2) |
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14-8 Summary and Study Guide |
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616 | (5) |
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617 | (1) |
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618 | (3) |
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Appendix A Conversion Factors |
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621 | (6) |
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Appendix B Physical Properties of Selected Gases and Composition of Air |
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627 | (4) |
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B-1 Density of Air at Other Temperatures |
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629 | (1) |
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B-2 Change in Atmospheric Pressure with Elevation |
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629 | (2) |
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Appendix C Physical Properties of Water |
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631 | (2) |
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Appendix D Periodic Table |
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633 | (2) |
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Appendix E Electronic Resources Available on the John Wiley & Sons Website for This Textbook |
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635 | (2) |
Index |
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637 | |