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El. knyga: Problems of Disadvantaged Youth: An Economic Perspective

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One of the most important public policy issues in the United States is how to improve the life prospects of disadvantaged youth who, in their formative years, face low-quality school systems, poor access to health care, and high-crime environments. The Problems of Disadvantaged Youth includes a broad range of research examining various aspects of disadvantage, and ways of increasing the ability of low-income youths to improve their circumstances later in life.

 

Taking an empirical economics perspective, the nine essays in this volume assess the causal impacts of disadvantage on youth outcomes, and how policy interventions can alleviate those impacts. Each chapter develops a framework to describe the relationship between youths and later life outcomes, addressing such factors as educational opportunity, health, neighborhood crime rates, and employment. This vital book documents the serious short- and long-term negative consequences of childhood disadvantage and provides nuanced evidence of the impact of public policy designed to help needy children.

Acknowledgments ix
Introduction: What Have We Learned About the Problems of and Prospects for Disadvantaged Youth? 1
Jonathan Gruber
I. EDUCATION
1. The Behavioral Consequences of Pre-Kindergarten Participation for Disadvantaged Youth
15
David Figlio and Jeffrey Roth
2. Is Gaining Access to Selective Elementary Schools Gaining Ground? Evidence from Randomized Lotteries
43
Julie Berry Cullen and Brian A. Jacob
3. Would More Compulsory Schooling Help Disadvantaged Youth? Evidence from Recent Changes to School-Leaving Laws
85
Philip Oreopoulos
II. HEALTH AND HEALTHY BEHAVIORS
4. Mental Health in Childhood and Human Capital
115
Janet Currie and Mark Stabile
5. Childhood Disadvantage and Obesity: Is Nurture Trumping Nature?
149
Patricia M. Anderson, Kristin F. Butcher, and Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
6. Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Early Childbearing
181
Melissa S. Kearney and Phillip B. Levine
III. CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCES
7. Parental Income Shocks and Outcomes of Disadvantaged Youth in the United States
213
Marianne Page, Ann Huff Stevens, and Jason Lindo
8. The Role of Religious and Social Organizations in the Lives of Disadvantaged Youth
237
Rajeev Dehejia, Thomas DeLeire, Erzo F.P. Luttmer, and Josh Mitchell
9. Neighborhood Violence and Urban Youth
275
Anna Aizer
Contributors 309
Author Index 311
Subject Index 315
Jonathan Gruber is professor and associate head of the Department of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and director of the Program on Children at the NBER, where he is a research associate.