This book is addressed not only to R&D managers but also to those who are interested in the so-called Japanese management and comparative study of management across cultures. The main emphasis is placed on national, regional and corporate strategies. Topics in the book encompass mining, chemicals, automobile and electronics industries as well as universities, governmental laboratories and a national project. Articles in the book describe the processes of R&D strategy formation or provide decisive information for the strategy formation in the respective organizations. The technological development of Japan has attracted the world's attention through its diffusion of technology beyond European development. The prevalence of this system in basic research and radical breakthroughs is discussed in detail. Containing contributions by some of the world's leading experts, this volume is the definitive reference source for anyone interested in the history and progress of R & D strategies in Japan, as well as providing a stepping stone for future innovations in this field.