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Railway Transportation Systems: Design, Construction and Operation 2nd edition [Minkštas viršelis]

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(Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 594 pages, aukštis x plotis: 254x178 mm, weight: 453 g, 130 Tables, black and white; 138 Line drawings, black and white; 165 Halftones, black and white; 303 Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Nov-2021
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 036749423X
  • ISBN-13: 9780367494230
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Railway Transportation Systems: Design, Construction and Operation 2nd editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 594 pages, aukštis x plotis: 254x178 mm, weight: 453 g, 130 Tables, black and white; 138 Line drawings, black and white; 165 Halftones, black and white; 303 Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Nov-2021
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 036749423X
  • ISBN-13: 9780367494230
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780367494230.html
Raktažodžiai:
"This comprehensive overview covers the entire range of railway passenger systems, from conventional and high-speed intercity systems to suburban, regional, operating on steep gradients, and urban ones. New material provides innovations in rail freight transportation, case studies, and an update of cutting-edge technologies"--

This comprehensive overview covers the entire range of railway passenger systems, from conventional and high-speed intercity systems to suburban, regional, operating on steep gradients, and urban ones. New material provides innovations in rail freight transportation, case studies, and an update of cutting-edge technologies.



Railway Transportation Systems covers the entire range of railway passenger systems, from conventional and high-speed intercity systems to suburban, regional, operating on steep gradients, and urban ones. It also examines in depth freight railway systems transporting conventional loads, heavy loads, and dangerous goods.

For each system, the text provides a definition; an overview of its evolution and examples of good practice; the main design, construction, and operational characteristics; and the preconditions for its selection. Additionally, it offers a general overview of safety, interfaces with the environment, forces acting on the track, and techniques that govern the stability and guidance of railway vehicles.

This new edition brings two new chapters. One concerns pre-feasibility studies of urban rail projects, and the other analyses the operation of railway systems under specific weather conditions and natural phenomena. New material examines dilemmas, trends and innovations in rail freight transportation; a new definition for high-speed rail; a number of case studies; and an update of cutting-edge technologies. It is ideal for graduate students, engineers, consultants, manufacturers, and transport company executives who need a reference and guide.

Preface to the Second Edition xxi
Acknowledgements xxiii
Author xxv
Symbols and Abbreviations xxvii
1 The railway as a transport system 1(46)
1.1 Definition
1(1)
1.2 Constituents
1(8)
1.2.1 Railway infrastructure
1(4)
1.2.2 Rolling stock
5(3)
1.2.3 Railway operation
8(1)
1.3 The railway system technique
9(7)
1.3.1 Description of the system
9(3)
1.3.2 Fundamental functional principles
12(3)
1.3.2.1 Running on a straight path
13(1)
1.3.2.2 Running in curves
14(1)
1.3.3 Distinctive features of railway systems compared to road means of transport
15(1)
1.4 Classification of railway systems
16(18)
1.4.1 Speed in railway engineering: design and operational considerations
16(3)
1.4.1.1 Definitions
16(3)
1.4.1.2 Case study
19(1)
1.4.2 Classification of railway systems based on speed
19(4)
1.4.3 Classification of railway systems based on functionality/provided services
23(8)
1.4.4 Classification of railway systems based on track gauge
31(2)
1.4.5 Classification of railway systems based on traffic composition
33(1)
1.5 The capabilities of the railway system
34(8)
1.5.1 Advantages and disadvantages of the railway
34(4)
1.5.2 Comparison of the characteristics of railway systems
38(1)
1.5.3 Comparison of the capabilities of different transportation systems
38(10)
1.5.3.1 Comparison of air and high-speed train transport
38(4)
1.5.3.2 Comparison of urban systems
42(1)
1.6 Historical overview of the railway and future perspectives
42(2)
References
44(3)
2 Loads on track 47(38)
2.1 Classification of loads
47(1)
2.2 Vertical loads on track
48(12)
2.2.1 Static vertical loads
52(2)
2.2.1.1 Axle load
52(1)
2.2.1.2 Wheel weight
53(1)
2.2.1.3 Daily traffic load
53(1)
2.2.2 Quasi-static vertical loads
54(2)
2.2.2.1 Vertical wheel load due to crosswinds
54(2)
2.2.2.2 Vertical wheel load due to residual centrifugal force SS
2.2.3 Dynamic vertical loads
56(4)
2.2.3.1 Dynamic vertical wheel load
56(1)
2.2.3.2 Total vertical wheel load
57(1)
2.2.3.3 Design vertical wheel load
58(1)
2.2.3.4 Design loads of bridges
58(2)
2.3 Transversal loads on track
60(14)
2.3.1 Gravitational forces
61(2)
2.3.2 Creep forces
63(4)
2.3.2.1 Running on straight path
63(2)
2.3.2.2 Running in curves
65(2)
2.3.3 Crosswind forces
67(1)
2.3.4 Residual centrifugal force
67(2)
2.3.5 Total transversal force transmitted from the vehicle to the rail
69(1)
2.3.6 Forces due to vehicle oscillations
69(1)
2.3.7 Guidance forces
69(4)
2.3.8 Case study
73(1)
2.4 Longitudinal forces
74(8)
2.4.1 Temperature forces
74(2)
2.4.2 Rail creep forces
76(1)
2.4.3 Braking forces: acceleration forces
77(1)
2.4.4 Traction forces: adhesion forces
78(3)
2.4.5 Fishplate forces
81(1)
References
82(3)
3 Behaviour of rolling stock on track 85(40)
3.1 Behaviour of a single railway wheelset
85(1)
3.1.1 Movement on straight paths
85(1)
3.1.2 Movement in curves
85(1)
3.2 Behaviour of a whole vehicle
86(18)
3.2.1 Operational and technical characteristics of bogies
86(8)
3.2.1.1 Object and purposes of bogies
86(1)
3.2.1.2 Conventional bogies
87(4)
3.2.1.3 Bogies with self-steering wheelsets
91(1)
3.2.1.4 Bogies with independently rotating wheels
92(1)
3.2.1.5 Bogies with creep-controlled wheelsets
93(1)
3.2.1.6 Bogies with wheels with mixed behaviour
94(1)
3.2.2 Wheel rolling conditions and bogies inscription behaviour in curves
94(2)
3.2.3 Lateral behaviour of a whole vehicle
96(6)
3.2.3.1 Vehicles with conventional bogies
98(2)
3.2.3.2 Vehicles with bogies with self-steering wheelsets
100(1)
3.2.3.3 Vehicles with independently rotating wheels
101(1)
3.2.3.4 Comparative assessment
102(1)
3.2.4 Selection of bogie design characteristics based on operational aspects of networks
102(2)
3.2.4.1 High-speed networks
102(1)
3.2.4.2 Conventional speed networks
103(1)
3.2.4.3 Mountainous networks
103(1)
3.2.4.4 Metro networks
103(1)
3.2.4.5 Tramway networks
104(1)
3.3 Derailment of railway vehicles
104(13)
3.3.1 Definition
104(1)
3.3.2 Derailment as a result of vehicle overturning
105(4)
3.3.2.1 Check for derailment due to overturning - movement along curved track segments
105(3)
3.3.2.2 Check for derailment due to overturning - movement along straight track segments
108(1)
3.3.3 Derailment due to track displacement
109(3)
3.3.3.1 Prud'homme limit
110(1)
3.3.3.2 Empirical formulas considering the stabilisation degree of the track and the type of sleepers
110(2)
3.3.4 Derailment due to wheel climb
112(4)
3.3.4.1 Criteria that evaluate the F1/Q1 ratio
113(1)
3.3.4.2 Criteria related to the time or distance limits, which are applied to limit the exceeding duration of the F1/Q1. ratio limit in either time or distance scale
114(1)
3.3.4.3 Criterion q,
115(1)
3.3.4.4 Empirical formula that calculates the speed over, which a vehicle is derailed due to wheel climb
115(1)
3.3.5 Derailment caused by gauge widening or rail rollover
116(1)
3.4 Derailment in turnouts
117(2)
3.5 Case study
119(3)
References
122(3)
4 Tramway 125(46)
4.1 Definition and description of the system
125(1)
4.2 Classification of tramway systems
125(10)
4.2.1 Based on physical characteristics of the corridor
125(4)
4.2.2 Based on functionality/provided services
129(2)
4.2.3 Based on floor height of the vehicles
131(2)
4.2.3.1 Low floor
131(2)
4.2.3.2 Very low floor
133(1)
4.2.3.3 Moderately high floor
133(1)
4.2.3.4 High floor
133(1)
4.2.4 Based on power supply system
133(1)
4.2.5 Other classifications
134(1)
4.3 Constructional and operational characteristics of the system
135(7)
4.3.1 Data related to track alignment and track superstructure
136(1)
4.3.2 Rolling stock data
136(2)
4.3.3 Tramway signalling system and traffic control
138(1)
4.3.4 Transport capacity of the system
138(1)
4.3.5 Run time and commercial speeds
139(2)
4.3.6 Cost of implementing a tramway
141(1)
4.4 Integration of tramway corridors across the road arteries
142(5)
4.4.1 Types of integration of tramway corridors
142(2)
4.4.1.1 A single track per direction at two opposite sides of the road
142(1)
4.4.1.2 Double track on one side of the road
142(1)
4.4.1.3 Central alignment
143(1)
4.4.2 Geometric features of the integration of tramway corridors
144(3)
4.4.2.1 Technical and Total Tramway infrastructure Right-Of-Way
144(2)
4.4.2.2 Geometric integration of tramway corridors at curved sections of roads in the horizontal alignment
146(1)
4.5 Integration of stops
147(9)
4.5.1 Types of stops integration
147(7)
4.5.2 Geometric and operational features of tramway stop integration
154(2)
4.5.2.1 Geometric criteria
154(2)
4.5.2.2 Operational criteria
156(1)
4.6 Tramway depot facilities
156(5)
4.6.1 General description and operational activities
156(2)
4.6.1.1 Parking area/yard
157(1)
4.6.1.2 Maintenance hall/workshop
157(1)
4.6.1.3 Vehicle cleaning/washing area
157(1)
4.6.2 Classification of tramway depots
158(1)
4.6.3 Main design principles and selection of a ground plan area
158(3)
4.7 Requirements for implementing the system
161(1)
4.8 Historical overview and present situation
162(6)
4.8.1 Historical overview
162(2)
4.8.1.1 The first horse-drawn tram
162(1)
4.8.1.2 The transition period from the horse-drawn tram to electrification
163(1)
4.8.1.3 The development of electric trams
163(1)
4.8.1.4 The period of dismantling of tram networks
163(1)
4.8.1.5 Restoration and reintegration of tramway systems
163(1)
4.8.2 Present situation
164(4)
References
168(3)
5 Metro 171(38)
5.1 Definition and description of the system
171(1)
5.2 Classification of metro systems
171(5)
5.2.1 Based on transport capacity
171(1)
5.2.2 Based on the Grade of Automation of their operation
172(2)
5.2.3 Based on the guidance system
174(1)
5.2.4 Other classification categories
174(2)
5.3 Constructional and operational characteristics of a metro system
176(12)
5.3.1 Track layout
176(1)
5.3.2 Track superstructure
176(3)
5.3.3 Tunnels
179(4)
5.3.4 Rolling stock
183(1)
5.3.5 Operation
184(3)
5.3.5.1 Commercial speeds, service frequency, and service reliability
184(1)
5.3.5.2 Fare collection and ticket supply
185(1)
5.3.5.3 Revenues for the system operator
186(1)
5.3.6 Implementation cost
187(1)
5.4 Metro stations
188(10)
5.4.1 Location selection for metro stations
188(1)
5.4.2 Construction depth of metro stations
189(1)
5.4.3 Construction methods
190(4)
5.4.3.1 Construction of the station's shell
190(1)
5.4.3.2 Surface construction
191(2)
5.4.3.3 Number of station levels
193(1)
5.4.3.4 Station architecture
194(1)
5.4.4 Platforms
194(8)
5.4.4.1 Layout of platforms
194(1)
5.4.4.2 Platform dimensions
195(3)
5.5 Depot facilities
198(4)
5.6 Requirements for implementing the system
202(1)
5.7 Historical overview and present situation
202(4)
5.7.1 Historical overview
202(1)
5.7.2 Present situation
202(4)
References
206(3)
6 Monorail 209(18)
6.1 Definition and description of the system
209(1)
6.2 Classification of the monorails and techniques of the system
209(5)
6.2.1 Based on train placement in relation to the guidebeam
209(2)
6.2.2 Based on transport capacity
211(1)
6.2.3 Based on system techniques
212(1)
6.2.4 Based on functionality/services provided
212(2)
6.3 Classification of the monorails and techniques of the system
214(4)
6.3.1 Permanent way
214(2)
6.3.2 Rolling stock
216(1)
6.3.3 Operation
217(1)
6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of monorail systems
218(1)
6.4.1 Advantages
218(1)
6.4.2 Disadvantages
219(1)
6.5 Requirements for implementing the system
219(1)
6.6 Historical overview and present situation
220(4)
6.6.1 Historical overview
220(7)
6.6.2 Present situation
220(4)
References
224(3)
7 Automatic passenger transport railway systems of low- and medium-transport capacity 227(20)
7.1 Definition
227(1)
7.2 Cable-propelled railway systems
227(10)
7.2.1 General description and classification
227(2)
7.2.2 Constructional and operational features of the systems
229(7)
7.2.2.1 System 'principles' and superstructure configurations
229(3)
7.2.2.2 Guideway
232(4)
7.2.3 Advantages and disadvantages
236(1)
7.2.3.1 Advantages
236(1)
7.2.3.2 Disadvantages
236(1)
7.2.4 Requirements for implementing the system
236(1)
7.3 Self-propelled electric systems
237(7)
7.3.1 General description and classification
237(2)
7.3.2 Battery-powered systems
239(3)
7.3.2.1 Advantages (Wikipedia, 2015c)
242(1)
7.3.2.2 Disadvantages (Wikipedia, 2015c)
242(1)
7.3.3 Outside power feeding systems
242(2)
References
244(3)
8 Suburban railway 247(8)
8.1 Definition and classification of suburban railway systems
247(1)
8.2 Constructional and operational characteristics of the suburban railway
247(3)
8.3 Advantages and disadvantages of the suburban railway
250(1)
8.3.1 Advantages
250(1)
8.3.2 Disadvantages
250(1)
8.4 Requirements for implementing the system
250(1)
8.5 Airport railway links
251(3)
8.5.1 Railway services between urban centres and neighbouring airports
251(1)
8.5.2 Development in the number of airport-urban centre rail links in relation to that of airports
252(1)
8.5.3 Average airport-urban centre distance served by the different types of railway systems
253(1)
8.5.4 Number and type of railway systems serving as airport links in relation to urban centre population size
254(1)
References
254(1)
9 Rack railway 255(18)
9.1 Definition and description of the system
255(1)
9.2 Classification of rack railway systems
255(7)
9.2.1 Type of cog rail
255(5)
9.2.2 Type of adhesion along the line
260(2)
9.3 Evolution of the system and application examples
262(1)
9.4 Constructional and operational features of rack railway systems
263(6)
9.4.1 Track alignment
263(1)
9.4.2 Track superstructure
264(1)
9.4.3 Rolling stock
264(4)
9.4.4 Operation
268(1)
9.5 Advantages and disadvantages of rack railway systems
269(1)
9.5.1 Advantages
269(1)
9.5.2 Disadvantages
270(1)
9.6 Requirements for implementing the system
270(1)
References
270(3)
10 Cable railway systems for steep gradients 273(14)
10.1 Definition and description of the system
273(2)
10.2 The funicular
275(8)
10.2.1 Evolution of funiculars and application examples
275(1)
10.2.2 Constructional and operational features of funiculars
275(10)
10.2.2.1 Infrastructure
275(6)
10.2.2.2 Rolling stock
281(2)
10.2.2.3 Operation
283(1)
10.3 The inclined elevator
283(2)
10.4 Advantages and disadvantages of cable railway systems for steep gradients
285(1)
10.4.1 Advantages
285(1)
10.4.2 Disadvantages
285(1)
10.5 Requirements for implementing the system
285(1)
References
286(1)
11 Organisation and management of passenger intercity railway transport 287(16)
11.1 Services and basic design principles of passenger railway transport
287(1)
11.2 Service level of intercity passenger railway transport: quality parameters
288(2)
11.3 Rolling stock for passenger intercity railway transport
290(1)
11.4 Scheduling of passenger train services
291(1)
11.5 Case study: selection and purchase of rolling stock
291(11)
11.5.1 Step 1: assessment of the existing situation
292(2)
11.5.2 Step 2: determination of the target year
294(2)
11.5.3 Step 3: assessment of the situation in the target year
296(1)
11.5.4 Step 4: determination of the transport volume target
296(1)
11.5.5 Step 5: determination of the service frequency target
297(1)
11.5.6 Step 6: new train timetable scheme
297(2)
11.5.7 Step 7: checks on corridor track capacity and transport volume
299(1)
11.5.8 Step 8: in theory - required rolling stock for the performance of scheduled services
299(1)
11.5.9 Step 9: practically required rolling stock
300(1)
11.5.10 Step 10: required rolling stock
301(1)
References
302(1)
12 High-speed networks and trains 303(30)
12.1 Distinction between high speeds and conventional speeds
303(1)
12.2 High-speed train issues
304(3)
12.3 Specifications and technical solutions for the achievement of high speeds
307(13)
12.3.1 Track geometry alignment characteristics
307(4)
12.3.1.1 Selection of horizontal alignment radii - case study
307(4)
12.3.1.2 Distance between track centres
311(1)
12.3.1.3 Longitudinal slopes
311(1)
12.3.2 Track superstructure components
311(1)
12.3.3 Civil engineering structures
311(7)
12.3.3.1 Tunnel traffic
311(2)
12.3.3.2 Passage under bridges
313(2)
12.3.3.3 Track fencing
315(1)
12.3.3.4 Noise barriers
315(2)
12.3.3.5 Handling aerodynamic effects in an 'open' track and on platforms
317(1)
12.3.4 Track systems
318(1)
12.3.5 Rolling stock
318(18)
12.3.5.1 Aerodynamic design of vehicles
318(1)
12.3.5.2 Design of bogies
319(1)
12.3.5.3 Braking system
319(1)
12.3.5.4 Vehicle design: construction
320(1)
12.3.5.5 Implementation cost
320(1)
12.4 Historical review and current situation of very high-speed networks and trains
320(2)
12.5 Interoperability issues
322(8)
References
330(3)
13 Tilting trains 333(16)
13.1 Definition and operating principle of tilting technology
333(3)
13.2 Tilting techniques and systems
336(2)
13.2.1 Passive tilting
336(1)
13.2.2 Active tilting
336(2)
13.3 Main constructional and operational characteristics of tilting trains
338(3)
13.3.1 Performances in terms of speed
338(1)
13.3.2 Tilting angle
339(1)
13.3.3 Track gauge
339(1)
13.3.4 Axle load
340(1)
13.3.5 Track superstructure
340(1)
13.3.6 Bogies' technology
340(1)
13.3.7 Train formation
340(1)
13.3.8 Signalling
341(1)
13.3.9 Traction
341(1)
13.3.10 Cost of rolling stock supply
341(1)
13.4 Requirements for implementing the system
341(2)
13.4.1 Existing conventional-speed infrastructure
341(2)
13.4.2 New conventional-speed infrastructure
343(1)
13.4.3 New high-speed infrastructure
343(1)
13.5 Historic overview and present situation
343(4)
References
347(2)
14 Metric track gauge intercity railway networks 349(10)
14.1 Definition and description of the system
349(1)
14.2 Main constructional characteristics of intercity metric track gauge lines
350(3)
14.2.1 Track alignment: differences between tracks of metric and normal gauge
350(2)
14.2.2 Track superstructure
352(1)
14.3 Advantages and disadvantages of intercity metric gauge lines
353(2)
14.3.1 Advantages
353(2)
14.3.2 Disadvantages
355(1)
14.4 Requirements for implementing the system
355(2)
References
357(2)
15 Organisation and management of freight railway transport 359(30)
15.1 Provided services and classification of freight railway transportation systems
359(1)
15.2 Service level of freight railway transport: quality parameters
360(3)
15.3 Rolling stock for freight
363(1)
15.4 Scheduling of freight train services
363(1)
15.5 The trends in the domain of freight rail transportation
364(8)
15.5.1 Combined transport
364(3)
15.5.2 Mass transport
367(4)
15.5.3 Higher speeds
371(1)
15.6 The main dilemmas for railway companies in the domain of freight rail transportation
372(14)
15.6.1 The 'open' issues
372(1)
15.6.2 Mixed traffic operation
372(10)
15.6.2.1 Description and justification of the problem
372(3)
15.6.2.2 Contribution towards solving the dilemma - investigation of the impact of traffic composition on the economic profitability of a railway system
375(7)
15.6.3 Transportation of dangerous goods
382(2)
15.6.3.1 Description and justification of the problem
382(1)
15.6.3.2 Contribution towards solving the dilemma
383(1)
15.6.4 Long or short trains
384(8)
15.6.4.1 Description and justification of the problem
384(1)
15.6.4.2 Contribution towards solving the dilemma
385(1)
References
386(3)
16 Heavy haul rail transport 389(14)
16.1 Definition and general description of the system
389(1)
16.2 The international market in heavy haul rail transport
389(1)
16.3 Differences between conventional and heavy haul freight railway networks
390(2)
16.4 Impacts of heavy haul rail operations and main design principles
392(5)
16.4.1 Selection of track infrastructure components
393(3)
16.4.1.1 Selection of the track's alignment geometric characteristics
393(1)
16.4.1.2 Selection of rails
393(1)
16.4.1.3 Selection of the type of sleepers and the distances between them
394(1)
16.4.1.4 Selection and dimensioning of track bed layer features
394(1)
16.4.1.5 Construction principles of the formation layer
395(1)
16.4.1.6 Dimensioning of bridges
396(1)
16.4.1.7 Dimensioning of the signalling system
396(1)
16.4.2 Effects on the rolling stock
396(1)
16.4.3 Effects on the operation
397(1)
16.5 Economic efficiency of heavy haul rail transport
397(4)
References
401(2)
17 Operation of railway systems under specific weather conditions and natural phenomena 403(12)
17.1 Specific weather conditions/natural phenomena and the railway systems
403(1)
17.2 Specific weather conditions
404(3)
17.2.1 Strong crosswinds
404(1)
17.2.1.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
404(1)
17.2.1.2 Possible mitigation measures
404(1)
17.2.2 Frost/heavy snowfall
405(1)
17.2.2.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
405(1)
17.2.2.2 Possible mitigation measures
405(1)
17.2.3 High temperatures
406(1)
17.2.3.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
406(1)
17.2.3.2 Possible mitigation measures
406(1)
17.3 Natural phenomena
407(5)
17.3.1 Sandstorms
407(3)
17.3.1.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
407(1)
17.3.1.2 Possible mitigation measures
408(2)
17.3.2 Heavy leaf fall
410(2)
17.3.2.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
410(1)
17.3.2.2 Possible mitigation measures
411(1)
17.3.3 Earthquakes
412(3)
17.3.3.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
412(1)
17.3.3.2 Possible mitigation measures
412(1)
References
412(3)
18 Railway safety 415(34)
18.1 Types of railway incidents and definition of railway safety
415(3)
18.1.1 Types of railway incidents
415(1)
18.1.2 Definition of railway safety
415(3)
18.1.2.1 Based on risk level
415(2)
18.1.2.2 Based on incident 'indicators'
417(1)
18.2 Significance of safety in railway systems and differences in road safety
418(1)
18.2.1 Significance of safety in railway systems
418(1)
18.2.2 Distinctions between railway and road safety
418(1)
18.3 Classification of railway incidents
419(1)
18.4 Causes of railway incidents
419(3)
18.5 Safety in civil engineering structures
422(8)
18.5.1 Railway civil engineering structures and related incidents
422(1)
18.5.2 Safety at railway bridges
423(1)
18.5.3 Safety in railway tunnels
424(1)
18.5.4 Safety at road overpasses
425(3)
18.5.5 Safety on high embankments
428(1)
18.5.6 Safety in deep cuttings
428(1)
18.5.7 Safety in fencing
428(2)
18.6 Safety at railway stations
430(1)
18.7 Safety on the 'open' track
430(2)
18.7.1 Potential risks
430(1)
18.7.2 Safety measures
431(1)
18.8 Safety at RLCs
432(4)
18.9 The traffic moment of an RLC
436(1)
18.10 Correlation between the cost of interventions and the safety level improvement
437(9)
18.10.1 General approach
437(2)
18.10.2 The change in the value of accident indicators
439(1)
18.10.3 The change in the risk level
440(3)
18.10.3.1 Characterisation of the frequency of a particular incident
442(1)
18.10.3.2 Characterisation of the severity of a particular incident
443(1)
18.10.4 Case studies
443(7)
18.10.4.1 Individual passive RLC - conversion to active RLC
443(1)
18.10.4.2 Individual passive RLC - conversion to overpass
444(1)
18.10.4.3 Passive level crossings at railway network level
444(2)
References
446(3)
19 Railway and the natural environment 449(44)
19.1 Natural environment of the railway
449(1)
19.2 Energy consumption
450(3)
19.2.1 Definition: units expressing energy consumption
450(1)
19.2.2 Energy-consuming railway activities
450(1)
19.2.3 Special features of each railway system category
451(1)
19.2.4 Measures for energy consumption reduction
452(1)
19.3 Air pollution
453(3)
19.3.1 Definition: units expressing air pollution 4S
S3
19.3.2 Railway activities causing air pollution
453(1)
19.3.3 Special features of each railway system category
454(1)
19.3.4 Measures for air pollution reduction
455(1)
19.4 Soil and water pollution
456(2)
19.4.1 Definition: measurement methods of soil and water pollution
456(1)
19.4.2 Railway activities causing soil pollution
456(1)
19.4.3 Special features of each railway system category
457(1)
19.4.4 Countermeasures against the pollution of soil due to the presence of the railway
457(1)
19.5 Visual annoyance
458(8)
19.5.1 Definition: measurement methods of visual annoyance
458(5)
19.5.2 Railway activities causing visual annoyance
463(1)
19.5.3 Special features of each railway system category
463(1)
19.5.4 Countermeasures against visual annoyance caused by the presence of the railway
464(2)
19.6 Integration of the track into the landscape
466(2)
19.6.1 Definition: measurement indices of integration
466(1)
19.6.2 Railway activities causing a change of landscape
467(1)
19.6.3 Special features of each railway system category
467(1)
19.6.4 Measures for smooth integration of the railway into the landscape
468(1)
19.7 Ecosystem disturbance
468(3)
19.7.1 Definition: indices of expression of ecosystem disturbance
468(1)
19.7.2 Railway activities causing ecosystem disturbance
469(1)
19.7.3 Special features of each railway system category
469(1)
19.7.4 Reduction measures of ecosystem disturbance
469(2)
19.8 Disturbance of local resident activities: access restriction and disruption of urban space
471(2)
19.8.1 Definition: measurement indices of disturbance on local resident activities
471(1)
19.8.2 Railway activities causing disturbance to local resident activities
471(1)
19.8.3 Special features of each railway system category
471(1)
19.8.4 Measures for the reduction of disturbance caused to local residential activities due to the presence of railway infrastructure
472(1)
19.9 Acoustic annoyance
473(6)
19.9.1 Definition: units expressing acoustic annoyance
473(1)
19.9.2 Railway activities causing acoustic annoyance
473(1)
19.9.3 Special features of each railway system category
474(1)
19.9.4 Countermeasures against acoustic annoyance
475(4)
19.9.4.1 The path of noise transmission
475(3)
19.9.4.2 The source of noise
478(1)
19.10 Ground-borne noise and vibrations
479(5)
19.10.1 Definition: measurement units of ground-borne noise and vibrations
479(2)
19.10.2 Railway activities causing and affecting ground-borne noise and vibrations
481(2)
19.10.3 Special features of each railway system category
483(1)
19.10.4 Countermeasures against vibrations and ground-borne noise
483(1)
19.11 Impacts on land use
484(1)
19.12 Comparative assessment of the impacts of various means of transport on the natural environment
485(4)
19.12.1 Methodology approach
485(1)
19.12.2 Long distances: comparison between the aeroplane and the high-speed train
485(1)
19.12.3 Urban transport: comparison of the metro, the tram, the urban bus, and the private car
486(2)
19.12.4 Very high-speed transport modes: comparisons of the aeroplane, the very high-speed train, and the magnetic levitation train
488(1)
19.12.5 Freight transport: comparison of freight trains and road trucks
488(1)
References
489(4)
20 The research in the railway domain: Cutting-edge technologies in railways 493(28)
20.1 The research in the railway domain in Europe
493(3)
20.2 Definition and classification of cutting-edge technologies
496(1)
20.3 Smart windows
497(2)
20.4 Laser railhead cleaner system
499(1)
20.5 Catenary-free power supply systems of tramways
500(12)
20.5.1 Ground-level power supply systems
501(8)
20.5.1.1 The APS system
501(5)
20.5.1.2 The TramWave system
506(1)
20.5.1.3 The PRIMOVE system
507(2)
20.5.2 Onboard energy storage systems
509(3)
20.5.2.1 Supercapacitor charging/ESS (supercapacitors or ultracapacitors)
510(2)
20.6 Automation of trains
512(5)
20.6.1 Definition and Grades of Automation
512(2)
20.6.2 Implementing automation
514(1)
20.6.3 The advantages and disadvantages of automation
515(2)
References
517(4)
21 Applicability verification: A supporting tool for the conduction of feasibility studies of urban mass railway transportation systems 521(24)
21.1 Applicability verification - definition and the need for its integration in urban railway project studies
521(3)
21.2 Applicability verification of a tramway line
524(10)
21.2.1 Individual required verifications
524(1)
21.2.2 Verification of track alignment and geometric integration
525(3)
21.2.2.1 Track alignment check
525(1)
21.2.2.2 Geometric integration check
526(2)
21.2.3 Applicability verification of operational efficiency
528(3)
21.2.3.1 Check of the commercial speed
528(1)
21.2.3.2 Check of the passenger transport volume
529(2)
21.2.4 Applicability verification of a tramway depot
531(1)
21.2.4.1 Check of the required and the available tramway ground plan area
531(1)
21.2.4.2 Check of the distance of the tramway depot from the tramway main network
532(1)
21.2.4.3 Check of the landscape
532(1)
21.2.4.4 Check of the ability to acquire the land and locating of the tramway depot
532(1)
21.2.5 Applicability verification of the implementation cost
532(1)
21.2.6 Applicability verification of the environmental impacts
533(1)
21.2.6.1 Check of noise pollution and vibrations
533(1)
21.2.6.2 Check of visual annoyance
533(1)
21.3 Applicability verification of a suburban line
534(5)
21.3.1 Individual required verifications
534(1)
21.3.2 Operation of suburban trains on existing infrastructure
534(3)
21.3.2.1 Applicability verification of constructional features of the railway infrastructure
534(1)
21.3.2.2 Applicability verification of the passenger transport volume
535(1)
21.3.2.3 Applicability verification of system operability
536(1)
21.3.2.4 Applicability verification of the station service level
537(1)
21.3.2.5 Applicability verification of the availability of the depot facilities
537(1)
21.3.2.6 Applicability verification of the environmental impacts
537(1)
21.3.2.7 Applicability verification of the implementation cost
537(1)
21.3.3 Operation of suburban trains on new infrastructure
537(2)
21.3.3.1 Applicability verification of the constructional features of the railway infrastructure
538(1)
21.3.3.2 Applicability verification of the passenger transport volume
538(1)
21.3.3.3 Applicability verification of the location, construction, and operation of the depot facilities
538(1)
21.3.3.4 Applicability verification of the environmental impacts
538(1)
21.3.3.5 Applicability verification of the implementation cost
538(1)
21.4 Applicability verification of a monorail line
539(2)
21.5 Applicability verification of a metro line
541(2)
References
543(2)
Index 545
Christos N. Pyrgidis is a professor in railway engineering at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Greece. He earned a diploma in civil engineering (AUTh, 1981). He specialised for five years at the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, France, in transportation infrastructure (CES), transport economics (DEA), and railway engineering (PhD). From 2004 2007, he served as the Greek representative to the Administrative Board of the European Railway Agency. Since 2014 he has been a member of the Scientific Committee of SHIFT2RAIL.