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El. knyga: Reciprocity and Dependency in Old Age: Indian and UK Perspectives

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??This book highlights (1) the significance of reciprocity for the maintenance of self-esteem in old age and (2) the negative implications for the well-being of dependent older people when that significance goes unrecognized and, as a consequence, opportunities to give back to society, as well as take from it, are not facilitated by those in a position to do so. The discussion draws on research undertaken in the UK and Southern India into the extent to which having the self-perception of being valued in the world is important to older people in receipt of care support and whether, in their experience, this is recognized by others. The author presents an analysis of theoretical insights from leading thinkers across a broad range of literature and from several disciplines, including social theory, social work, philosophy, and gerontology. The author also gives voice to the perspectives of those dependent older people not often heard because of marginalizing and disempowering processes that contribute to their having little opportunity to be heard in the first place. The emphasis of this book is on aspiration to a meaningful life and continuing personal growth as offering a challenge to dominant discourses the equate old age with decline.



Presenting the work of leading thinkers, and the voices of the elderly themselves, this book highlights the significance of reciprocity for the maintenance of self-esteem in old age and discusses negative implications when that significance goes unrecognized.
Part I Foundations of Understanding
1 A Matter of Dignity
3(12)
Introduction
3(1)
Outline
4(2)
Background and Rationale
6(2)
Research Aims
8(1)
Research Questions
9(3)
Conclusion
12(1)
References
12(3)
2 Setting the Context
15(20)
Introduction
15(1)
Developments in the Theorising of Ageing
15(6)
Logocentric Theories of Ageing
16(2)
The Hermeneutic Trend in Theories of Ageing
18(3)
Meaning in Context
21(2)
The Theoretical Orientation for this Study
23(1)
The Social Significance of Old Age
23(4)
Policy Relating to Eldercare in the UK and India
25(1)
Policy Informing Eldercare in the UK
26(1)
Policy Informing Eldercare in India
27(1)
The Phenomenological Lens
28(2)
Conclusion
30(1)
References
30(5)
3 Reciprocity and Old Age
35(34)
Introduction and Background
35(2)
Social Space
37(7)
The Psychosocial Impact of Social Space
38(2)
Social Capital, Relationships and Social Space
40(2)
Well-Being and Social Space
42(2)
Social Time
44(6)
The Psychosocial Impact of Social Time
44(2)
Social Capital, Relationships and Social Time
46(2)
Well-Being and Social Time
48(2)
Meaning Making at the Level of the Personal/Spiritual
50(4)
The Psychosocial Impact of Meaning Making at the Level of the Personal/Spiritual
50(2)
Social Capital, Relationships and Meaning Making at the Level of the Personal/Spiritual
52(1)
Well-Being and Meaning Making at the Level of the Personal/Spiritual
53(1)
Meaning Making at the Level of Discourse and Institutionalised Patterns of Power
54(15)
The Psychosocial Impact of Meaning Making at the Level of Discourse and Institutionalised Patterns of Power
55(2)
Social Capital, Relationships and Meaning Making at the Level of Discourse and Institutionalised Patterns of Power
57(1)
Well-Being and Meaning Making at the Level of Discourse and Institutionalised Patterns of Power
58(1)
Conclusion
59(1)
References
60(9)
Part II Hearing Their Voices
4 Research Design and Methods
69(28)
Introduction
69(1)
The Topic: Why Reciprocity?
70(1)
Research Aims
71(1)
Research Focus
72(1)
Research Design
73(1)
Data Collection
73(3)
Why Interviews?
73(2)
Why an Indian Dimension?
75(1)
Data Analysis
76(1)
Reflections on Power
77(2)
Research Methods
79(13)
Preparation for fieldwork
79(1)
Sample
80(6)
Pilot Study
86(1)
Interviews
87(3)
Transcription
90(1)
Analytical Tool
91(1)
Methodological Limitations
92(1)
Conclusion
93(1)
References
93(4)
5 Findings
97(40)
Introduction
97(1)
The Study
98(1)
The Participants
98(3)
The Themes
101(1)
The Participants' Perspectives
102(1)
Social Space
103(13)
Place-in-the-World: Self-Perception as a Valued Member of Society
103(2)
Perception by Others (now) as a Valued Member of Society
105(3)
Perception of Opportunities to Reciprocate
108(3)
Expression of the Desire to Reciprocate
111(2)
Relationships Between Geographical and Social Space: Barriers and Enabling Spaces
113(1)
Understanding and Expectations of Care Relationship
114(2)
Social Time
116(7)
Future Dimension/Personal Growth
116(3)
Self-perception as Changing in Terms of Being a Valued Person
119(1)
Expectations of Old Age in India and the UK: Continuity and Change
120(1)
Intergenerationality
121(1)
Developments in Communication Technology: Opportunity and Barriers
122(1)
Meaning Making at the Level of the Personal/Spiritual
123(5)
Have I Got Anything to Give?
123(1)
A Sense of Being Valued Rather than Being a Burden
124(1)
Dependency as Existential Crisis: Am I the Same Person or Someone Different Now that I Need Help?
125(2)
Giving: Duty or Pleasure?
127(1)
Meaning Making at the Level of Shared Meanings and Institutionalised Patterns of Power
128(4)
Health Discourse: Old Age as Illness
129(1)
Social Construction of Old Age
129(1)
Discourses Around Dependency: Care Model as Overprotective
130(1)
Welfare Policy and Practices
131(1)
Conclusion
132(1)
References
132(5)
Part III The Implications
6 The Significance of the Findings for the Spiritual Well-Being of Older People Dependent on Formal Care
137(42)
Introduction
137(1)
Section One
138(12)
Building and Maintaining Relationships
139(4)
Are Opportunities to `Give Back' or Remain `Useful' When in Receipt of Care Recognised as Such and Facilitated?
143(3)
The Recognition of Physical and Ideological Boundaries as Potential Barriers to Reciprocity
146(4)
Section Two
150(9)
Neglecting Aspiration
150(5)
Personal Values: Continuity and Change
155(2)
The Significance of Age Cohort
157(2)
Section Three
159(6)
Neglect of the Spiritual
159(2)
Health Crises as Existential Crises
161(2)
Reciprocity as Deference: A Case of Self-Betrayal?
163(1)
A Shared World-View?
164(1)
Section Four
165(7)
Bio-Medical Discourses
166(3)
Disability Discourses
169(1)
Governmentality Discourse
170(1)
Citizenship Discourses
171(1)
Conclusion
172(1)
References
173(6)
7 The Significance of the Findings for the Theorising of Old Age
179(18)
Introduction
179(1)
Coherence
179(4)
Meaningfulness
183(9)
Silenced Voices? Reciprocity and the Co-construction of Knowledge
187(2)
Reciprocity and Resilience: Challenging the Stereotype of Deficit
189(3)
Conclusion
192(1)
References
193(4)
8 The Significance of the Findings for Eldercare Practice
197(14)
Introduction
197(1)
Reciprocity
198(4)
Spirituality
202(2)
Meaning Making
204(2)
Dignity
206(1)
Conclusion
207(2)
References
209(2)
9 Their Journeys and Mine
211(10)
Introduction
211(1)
The Significance of Social Space, Social Time and Meaning Making
212(1)
A Sensitising Framework
213(1)
Reflections on the Research Journey
214(1)
Implications of the Findings for Future Research
215(1)
Conclusion
216(2)
References
218(3)
Appendix 1 221(2)
Appendix 2 223(2)
Appendix 3 225(2)
Index 227
Sue Thompson, PhD works in Wales as a director of Avenue Consulting Ltd and does postgraduate research in the field of eldercare. She received her doctoral degree in sociology from the University of Liverpool, following a masters in social work obtained at University of Wales. Dr. Thompson has extensive experience in the caring professions, both at the practitioner level as a nurse and social worker, and also as a practice assessor, mentor, and educator in social work and social care more broadly defined. She has written and co-written a number of articles, chapters, books, and learning resources pertaining particularly to older people and eldercare. A key theme in her practice, research, and publications is the challenging of ageist practices which compromise dignity and personhood, and the ideologies and discourses which reinforce such practices as morally legitimate. Dr. Thompson is a co-founder of the Welsh Organisation for Practice Teaching and a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy.