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Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles [Kietas viršelis]

Edited by (Professor of Material Science and Engineering, Durban University of Technology, South Africa), Edited by (Doctoral Research Fellow, Durban University of Technology, South Africa), Edited by , Edited by , Edited by (Senior Research Fellow, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma )
  • Formatas: Hardback, 212 pages, aukštis x plotis: 229x152 mm, weight: 450 g
  • Serija: Plastics Design Library
  • Išleidimo metai: 07-Nov-2018
  • Leidėjas: William Andrew Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 0128113618
  • ISBN-13: 9780128113615
  • Formatas: Hardback, 212 pages, aukštis x plotis: 229x152 mm, weight: 450 g
  • Serija: Plastics Design Library
  • Išleidimo metai: 07-Nov-2018
  • Leidėjas: William Andrew Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 0128113618
  • ISBN-13: 9780128113615

Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles provides an overview of PET chemistry, highlighting the main degradation, depolymerization processes and pathways of PET, along with the applications of recycled monomers derived from PET waste. The latest methodologies of recycling and feedstock recovery are covered, providing critical foundational information. In addition, the book discusses a range of established methods of polymer recycling, with an emphasis on real world industrial case studies and the latest academic research. Users will find in-depth lifecycle and cost analysis of each waste management method, comparing the suitability and feasibility of each to support the decision -making process.

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is the most recycled plastic in the world, but still represents a significant amount of landfill waste. This book presents an update on new regulations, providing recommendations for new opportunities in this area, including new processing methods and applications for recycled PET.

  • Features a comprehensive introduction to the waste management of PET bottles, from regulatory concerns, to the range of different methods of materials recovery
  • Enables practitioners to choose the most efficient and effective waste management process
  • Includes detailed lifecycle and cost analysis information
  • Compares traditional thermal recycling methods with more recently developed monomer recovery and chemical recycling methods
List of Contributors
xi
1 PET Chemistry
1(22)
Suranjana Mandal
Ayan Dey
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Physical and Chemical Properties
2(4)
1.3 Synthesis and its Chemistry
6(3)
1.4 Continuous Melt Phase Polymerization
9(1)
1.5 Catalyst Chemistry and Mechanism
9(4)
1.6 Chain Extender
13(2)
1.7 Structure---Property Relationship of PET
15(3)
1.8 New Enzymatic Route to Synthesize Polyester
18(1)
1.9 Conclusion
19(1)
References
19(4)
2 Regulations on Recycling PET Bottles
23(14)
K.G. Gopalakrishna
Narendra Reddy
2.1 Introduction
23(11)
2.2 Conclusions
34(1)
Acknowledgments
34(1)
References
35(1)
Further Reading
35(2)
3 Materials Recovery, Direct Reuse and Incineration of PET Bottles
37(24)
Cintil Jose Chirayil
Raghvendra Kumar Mishra
Sabu Thomas
3.1 Introduction
37(3)
3.2 An Overview of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle Management
40(13)
3.2.1 Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle
40(5)
3.2.2 Types of Polyethylene Terephthalate Recycling
45(3)
3.2.3 Materials Recovery From Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles
48(2)
3.2.4 Incineration of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste
50(2)
3.2.5 Landfilling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste
52(1)
3.3 Conclusion
53(1)
References
53(8)
4 Chemical Depolymerization of PET Bottles via Glycolysis
61(24)
Anvita Sheel
Deepak Pant
4.1 Introduction
61(5)
4.1.1 Primary Recycling
61(1)
4.1.2 Secondary Recycling
61(2)
4.1.3 Tertiary or Chemical Recycling
63(2)
4.1.4 Quaternary Recycling
65(1)
4.2 Glycolysis
66(8)
4.2.1 Catalyzed Glycolysis
68(4)
4.2.2 Solvent-Assisted Glycolysis
72(1)
4.2.3 Supercritical Glycolysis
73(1)
4.2.4 Microwave-Assisted Glycolysis
74(1)
4.3 Factors Influencing Glycolysis
74(1)
4.3.1 Contaminant
74(1)
4.3.2 Stirring Speed
74(1)
4.3.3 Particle Size
75(1)
4.3.4 Solvent Ratio
75(1)
4.3.5 Reactions Conditions
75(1)
4.4 Advantages and Drawbacks of Glycolysis
75(1)
4.5 Analytical Techniques
76(1)
4.6 Applications of the Glycolyzed Products
77(2)
4.6.1 Polyurethane Products
77(1)
4.6.2 Unsaturated Polyesters
78(1)
4.6.3 Acrylate/Methacrylate-Terminated Products
79(1)
4.7 Conclusion
79(1)
References
80(4)
Further Reading
84(1)
5 Depolymerization of PET Bottle via Methanolysis and Hydrolysis
85(24)
Myungwan Han
5.1 Introduction
85(1)
5.2 Depolymerization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles
86(7)
5.2.1 Glycolysis
86(1)
5.2.2 Methanolysis
87(3)
5.2.3 Hydrolysis
90(3)
5.3 Depolymerization Kinetics of Polyethylene Terephthalate
93(3)
5.4 Pros and Cons of Depolymerization Methods
96(1)
5.5 History of Feedstock Recycling Techniques From a Standpoint of Patents
97(2)
5.6 Representative Chemical Recycling Processes Based on Methanolysis and Hydrolysis
99(5)
5.6.1 Eastman Kodak Process
99(1)
5.6.2 Teijin Process
100(1)
5.6.3 Mitsubishi Process
101(1)
5.6.4 Chungnam National University Process
102(2)
5.7 Conclusions
104(1)
References
105(4)
6 Chemical Depolymerization of PET Bottles via Ammonolysis and Aminolysis
109(26)
Prashant Gupta
Subhendu Bhandari
6.1 Introduction
109(1)
6.2 Aminolysis
110(12)
6.3 Ammonolysis
122(7)
6.4 Conclusion
129(3)
References
132(3)
7 Chemical Depolymerization of PET Bottles via Combined Chemolysis Methods
135(14)
Rabindra Kumar Padhan
Anand Sreeram
7.1 Introduction
135(1)
7.2 Various Chemolysis Processes
136(2)
7.2.1 Methanolysis Process
136(1)
7.2.2 Hydrolysis Process
137(1)
7.2.3 Glycolysis Process
137(1)
7.2.4 Aminolysis Process
137(1)
7.2.5 Commercial Viability
138(1)
7.3 Combined Chemolysis Process
138(3)
7.3.1 Glycolysis---Hydrolysis
138(1)
7.3.2 Glycolysis---Methanolysis
139(1)
7.3.3 Methanolysis---Hydrolysis
139(2)
7.3.4 Glycolysis---Aminolysis
141(1)
7.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Combined Chemolysis
141(1)
7.5 Summary of Products From Chemolysis
142(1)
7.6 Conclusion
143(1)
References
144(5)
8 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of PET Bottles
149(20)
K. V. Marathe
Karan R. Chavan
Pranav Nakhate
8.1 Goal Definition Scope
149(8)
8.1.1 Background
149(1)
8.1.2 Introduction
150(1)
8.1.3 Purpose
151(1)
8.1.4 Previous Research
151(1)
8.1.5 Market Trends
152(1)
8.1.6 Need for the Project
153(1)
8.1.7 Targeted Audience and Use of the Study Product System
153(1)
8.1.8 Functional Unit
153(2)
8.1.9 Assessment Boundaries
155(2)
8.1.10 General Exclusions
157(1)
8.2 Life Cycle Inventory
157(5)
8.2.1 General Methodology
157(1)
8.2.2 Upstream and Downstream Life Cycle Methodology
158(2)
8.2.3 Manufacturing Stage
160(1)
8.2.4 Product Usage and Recycling Stage
160(2)
8.2.5 Life Cycle Inventory Limitations and Uncertainties
162(1)
8.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment
162(2)
8.3.1 Top Contributors
162(1)
8.3.2 Sensitivity Analysis
163(1)
8.4 Qualitative Risk Screening of Selected Chemicals
164(1)
8.5 Conclusions and Suggestions
165(1)
References
165(4)
9 Applications of Waste Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Bottles
169(22)
Ajay Rane
A.R. Ajitha
M.K. Aswathi
P. Manju
Krishnan Kanny
Sabu Thomas
9.1 Introduction
169(2)
9.2 PET Bottles---Fiber---Fabric
171(4)
9.3 PET Bottles---Resins for Coatings and Recycled Polymer Composites
175(5)
9.4 Coating Applications
180(3)
9.4.1 Epoxy Resins
181(1)
9.4.2 Polyurethane Dispersions
181(1)
9.4.3 Alkyd Resins
182(1)
9.5 Microfibrillar Polymer Composites
183(2)
References
185(6)
Index 191
Dr. Sabu Thomas (Ph.D.) is the Director of the School of Energy Materials, School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of Mahatma Gandhi University, India. He received his Ph. D. in 1987 in Polymer Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, India. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, London, and a member of the American Chemical Society. He has been ranked no.1 in India about the number of publications (most productive scientists). Prof. Thomass research group specialized areas of polymers which includes Polymer blends, Fiber filled polymer composites, Particulate-filled polymer composites and their morphological characterization, Ageing and degradation, Pervaporation phenomena, sorption and diffusion, Interpenetrating polymer systems, Recyclability and reuse of waste plastics and rubbers, Elastomer cross-linking, Dual porous nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering, etc. Prof. Thomass research group has extensive exchange programs with different industries, research, and academic institutions all over the world and is performing world-class collaborative research in various fields. Professors Centre is equipped with various sophisticated instruments and has established state-of-the-art experimental facilities which cater to the needs of researchers within the country and abroad. His H Index- 133, Google Citations- 86424, Number of Publications- 1300, and Books-160.

Ajay Vasudeo Rane (Dr.) is currently a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Durban University of Technology. His areas of research include structural, mechanical, and morphological properties of materials (specially polymer composite materials). Dr. Ajay Vasudeo Rane is a member of the Royal Society of South Africa, the South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, affiliate member of the South African Institution of Chemical Engineers and, a member of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers. He has edited five books and has contributed book chapters and technical manuscripts in peer reviewed journals and presented research works at national and international conferences. Krishnan Kanny (Dr./Prof.) is currently Director and Full Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Durban University of Technology, South Africa. He is also the Director of the Composites Research Group. Professor Kanny holds a PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from Tuskegee University, Alabama, USA. Prof Kanny is a registered Professional Technologist (Pr. Tech. Eng) with The Engineering Council of South Africa and holds professional memberships with: the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA), the South African Institute of Mechanical Engineers (SaiMech.E), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronomics (AIAA) and is an NRF rated scientist category C1. Krishnan Kanny is a professional engineer and scientist with over thirty years experience in management, leadership, and human resources development. Additionally, he has over twenty-five years of research experience in manufacturing, robotics, and advanced engineering materials as well as extensive experience in mechanical engineering product, process and system design including development, implementation, and commissioning. Krishnan Kannys professional interests include designing, processing, and testing of composite materials systems, reinforced thermosets/ thermoplastics, and nano-infused structures for aerospace, naval and automotive applications. He also has extensive experience on failure analyses including computational and analytical modeling and characterization & Morphological analysis including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Xray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Abitha V.K. is a Senior Research Fellow at the School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, India. Her areas of research include rubber, polymer blends, fibre filled polymer composites, particulate filled polymer composites and their morphological and structural characterization. Dr. Abitha has written several book chapters, and has co-edited three books with Elsevier. Martin George Thomas is a research student at the International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kottayam, Kerala, currently performing research into the areas of epoxy nanocomposites.