This new study of senates in small powers across the North Atlantic shows that the establishment and the reform of these upper legislative houses have followed remarkably parallel trajectories. Senate reforms emerged in the wake of deep political crises within the North Atlantic world and were influenced by the comparatively weak positions of small powers. Reformers responded to crises and constantly looked beyond borders and oceans for inspiration to keep their senates relevant.
The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429323119, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
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viii | |
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| Preface |
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xi | |
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| Reforming senates in the post-revolutionary North Atlantic world: an introduction |
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1 | (12) |
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PART I The need for a senate (c. 1790--1870) |
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13 | (76) |
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1 Senates and bicameralism in revolutionary Europe (c. 1795--1800) |
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15 | (14) |
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2 The rise and fall of the quasi-bicameral system of Norway (1814--2007) |
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29 | (14) |
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3 Members of the Senate in the Southern Netherlands (Belgium) between restoration and revolution (1815--1831) |
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43 | (17) |
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4 A liberal senate: the Danish Landsting of 1849 |
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60 | (15) |
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Flemming Juul Christiansen |
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5 The Senate of Canada: renewed life to an original intent |
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75 | (14) |
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PART II Democracy, the people and the Senate (c. 1848--1935) |
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89 | (82) |
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6 Constitutional conservatism, anti-democratic ideology, and the elective principle in British North America's upper legislative houses, 1848--1867 |
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91 | (15) |
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7 Aristocratic populism: the Belgian Senate and the language of democracy, 1848--1893 |
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106 | (10) |
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8 Rejecting the upper chamber: national unity, democratisation and imperial rule in the Grand Duchy of Finland, 1860--1906 |
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116 | (17) |
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9 The Swedish Senate, 1867--1970: from elitist moderniser to democratic subordinate |
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133 | (13) |
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10 The Senate and the `Social Majority': Joannes Theodorus Buys (1826--1893) and a `Meritocracy' in the Netherlands (1848--1887) |
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146 | (8) |
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11 The Irish Senate, 1920--1936 |
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154 | (17) |
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PART III Does a state still need a senate? (c. 1920--present) |
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171 | (97) |
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12 The vitality of the Dutch Senate: two centuries of reforms and staying in power |
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173 | (15) |
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13 Marginalising the upper house: the Liberal Party, the Senate and democratic reform in 1920s Canada |
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188 | (14) |
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14 Vocational voices or puppets of the lower house? Irish senators, 1938--1948 |
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202 | (14) |
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15 The rise and fall of bicameralism in Sweden, 1866--1970 |
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216 | (9) |
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16 Unicameralism in Denmark: abolition of the Senate, current functioning and debate |
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225 | (14) |
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17 Precarious bicameralism? Senates in Ireland from the late Middle Ages to the present |
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239 | (16) |
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18 Founding principles, constitutional conventions and the representation of Francophones living outside Quebec -- the Canadian Senate since 1867 |
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255 | (13) |
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| Appendix |
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268 | (1) |
| Index |
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269 | |
Nikolaj Bijleveld, historian, is a staff member at the University of Groningen.
Colin Grittner teaches Canadian history in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and has held postdoctoral fellowships at the University of British Columbia and the University of New Brunswick.
David E. Smith is a former president of the Canadian Political Science Association and the author of a number of books on the Canadian Parliament and on Canadian federalism.
Wybren Verstegen is Associate Professor in Economic and Social History at Vrije University, Amsterdam.
