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Regime of Islands Reframed: Developments in the Definition of Islands under the International Law of the Sea [Minkštas viršelis]

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In The Regime of Islands Reframed, Clive Schofield examines the definition of islands and other insular features under the international law of the sea. Particular reference is made to the arbitration case between China and the Philippines concerning the South China Sea which, as the first detailed international judicial examination and interpretation of the Regime of Islands, has reframing understanding of the definition of islands.





Reactions to the Award in the South China Sea case are appraised, confirmations and clarifications provided by the Award are highlighted as well as remaining uncertainties and scope for conflicting interpretation. The high standard for fully entitled island status set by the Tribunal in the South China Sea case is underlined as is scope for flexible application of the approach to island definition adopted by the Tribunal. The potential implications of the Award both within and beyond the South China Sea are explored.
The Regime of Islands Reframed: Developments in the Definition of Islands under the International Law of the Sea 1(1)
Clive Schofield
Abstract 1(1)
Keywords 1(1)
1 Introduction
1(2)
2 Defining Islands
3(31)
2.1 International Legal Categorisation of Insular Features
3(2)
2.2 Historical Developments in the Definition of Islands
5(3)
2.2.1 Early Codification Efforts
5(1)
2.2.2 The Drafting History of Article 121 of the LOSC
6(2)
2.3 The Regime of Islands under the LOSC
8(15)
2.3.1 Key Requirements for Insular Status
10(1)
2.3.1.1 Naturally Formed
10(3)
2.3.1.2 Area of Land
13(1)
2.3.1.3 Surrounded by Water
14(1)
2.3.1.4 Above High Tide
14(9)
2.3.2 Rocks
23(1)
2.4 Progress towards the Clarification of the Regime of Islands
23(11)
2.4.1 State Practice
24(3)
2.4.2 Treatment of Islands in Judicial Decisions
27(4)
2.4.3 Views of Commentators
31(3)
3 The Regime Of Islands Reframed: The South China Sea Award And Article 121
34(28)
3.1 The Tribunal's Initial Considerations on the Status of Insular Features
36(3)
3.2 The Tribunal's Interpretation of and Findings on Article 121
39(19)
3.2.1 Rock
42(2)
3.2.2 Natural Capacity
44(1)
3.2.3 Cannot
45(1)
3.2.4 Sustain
45(1)
3.2.5 Human Habitation
46(2)
3.2.6 Economic Life of Their Own
48(3)
3.2.7 Or
51(1)
3.2.8 Present and Past Capacity
52(1)
3.2.9 Assessment on a Case-by-Case Basis
52(1)
3.2.10 Groups of Islands Sustaining Human Habitation and Economic Life
53(1)
3.2.11 Borderline Cases
54(1)
3.2.12 Context of Article 121(3) and the Object and Purpose of the LOSC
55(3)
3.3 Application to the Spratly Islands and Scarborough Reef
58(4)
4 Almost Islands?: Low-Tide Elevations And Artificial Islands
62(9)
4.1 Low-tide Elevations
62(4)
4.2 Artificial Islands, Installations and Structures
66(4)
4.3 Submerged Banks and Shoals
70(1)
5 Reactions To The South China Sea Award
71(18)
5.1 International Responses
71(6)
5.2 Scholarly Views
77(12)
5.2.1 The term "Rock"
78(1)
5.2.2 Does Size Matter?
79(1)
5.2.3 Natural State
79(1)
5.2.4 Historical Evidence
80(1)
5.2.5 Human Habitation and Economic Life
81(1)
5.2.6 Consistency with Past Jurisprudence
81(1)
5.2.7 State Practice
82(3)
5.2.8 Artificial Islands and Island-building Activities
85(1)
5.2.9 Chinese Views
85(4)
6 Conclusions And Implications
89(21)
6.1 Setting a High Standard
90(1)
6.2 Confirmations and Clarifications in the Definition of Islands
91(2)
6.3 Remaining Uncertainties and Fresh Scope for Conflicting Interpretation
93(1)
6.4 Scope for Flexibility
94(1)
6.5 Charting a New Course towards Defining Islands: A Three-stage Process
95(1)
6.6 Implications
96(12)
6.6.1 Implications of the Arbitration Award for the South China Sea disputes
97(9)
6.6.2 Implications beyond the South China Sea
106(2)
6.7 The Last Word on the Issue?
108(2)
List of Figures 110(1)
Acknowledgments 110(1)
Author Biography 111(1)
References 112
Clive Schofield, Ph.D. (2000), University of Durham, UK; LLM (2009), University of British Columbia, is Professor and Head of Research at the Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University in Malmö, Sweden. His research on maritime boundary delimitation and marine jurisdictional issues have resulted in over 200 scholarly publications.