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El. knyga: Regulating Data Monopolies: A Law and Economics Perspective

  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Jan-2022
  • Leidėjas: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811687662
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Regulating Data Monopolies: A Law and Economics PerspectiveDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Jan-2022
  • Leidėjas: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811687662
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This book analyzes the business model of enterprises in the digital economy by taking an economic and comparative perspective. The aim of this book is to conduct an in-depth analysis of the anti-competitive behavior of companies who monopolize data, and put forward the necessity of regulating data monopoly by exploring the causes and characteristics of their anti-competitive behavior. It studies four aspects of the differences between data monopoly and traditional monopolistic behavior, namely defining the relevant market for data monopolies, the entry barrier, the problem of determining the dominant position of data monopoly, and the influence on consumer welfare. It points out the limitations of traditional regulatory tools and discusses how new regulatory methods could be developed within the competition legal framework to restrict data monopolies. It proposes how economic analytical tools used in traditional anti-monopoly law are facing challenges and how competition enforcement agencies could adjust regulatory methods to deal with new anti-competitive behavior by data monopolies.

1 Introduction
1(16)
1.1 Introduction
1(4)
1.2 Methodology
5(3)
1.2.1 Law and Economics
6(1)
1.2.2 Comparative Law
6(1)
1.2.3 Behavioural Studies
6(2)
1.2.4 Business and Entrepreneurship Studies
8(1)
1.3 Structure
8(1)
1.4 Academic and Social Relevance
9(3)
1.5 Limitations
12(1)
References
13(4)
2 Emerging Digital Markets and Regulation
17(38)
2.1 Global Trend of Digital Economy
17(8)
2.1.1 The Development of Online Business
17(1)
2.1.2 Global Market Capitalization
18(3)
2.1.3 Digital Consumers
21(4)
2.2 Online Platforms
25(9)
2.2.1 Denning Online Platforms
25(1)
2.2.2 "Free Service" Supplier
26(4)
2.2.3 Gatekeepers
30(1)
2.2.4 Platform Ecosystem
31(3)
2.3 Digital Giants and Market Power
34(2)
2.4 Regulations in Digital Markets
36(13)
2.4.1 Policy Developments in the EU on Regulating Digital Economy
36(8)
2.4.2 Regulations on the Digital Economy in Other Countries
44(2)
2.4.3 General Policy Recommendations
46(3)
2.5 Conclusions
49(1)
References
49(6)
3 Online Markets and Nonprice Competition
55(30)
3.1 Introduction
55(2)
3.2 Characteristics of Online Market
57(13)
3.2.1 Dynamic Efficiency and Innovation
57(9)
3.2.2 Multi-sided Market
66(1)
3.2.3 Indirect Network Effects
67(2)
3.2.4 Switching-Costs
69(1)
3.3 Attention-Based Nonprice Competition
70(2)
3.4 New Organizational Forms and Revenue Models
72(1)
3.5 Winner-Take-All Markets
73(1)
3.6 Policy Implications
74(2)
3.7 Conclusions
76(1)
References
77(8)
4 Data Monopolies and Competition Law
85(24)
4.1 Introduction
85(1)
4.2 Definition of Data
86(9)
4.2.1 4 V
86(4)
4.2.2 Data Values
90(2)
4.2.3 The Use of Data
92(2)
4.2.4 Data Governance
94(1)
4.3 Characteristics of Data
95(4)
4.3.1 Low Cost of Collecting and Storing
95(1)
4.3.2 Non-exclusive and Non-rivalrous
96(2)
4.3.3 The Value Decreases Over Time
98(1)
4.4 Data Driven Productivity Effects
99(1)
4.5 Data and Online Business
99(2)
4.6 Implications for Competition Law
101(1)
4.7 Conclusions
102(1)
References
103(6)
5 Denning the Relevant Market for Data Monopoly
109(16)
5.1 Introduction
109(1)
5.2 The Pricing Structure of Two-Sided Markets
110(2)
5.3 Avoid Defining Relevant Market
112(1)
5.4 Denning Relevant Market
113(5)
5.4.1 Adapting the SSNIP Test
114(2)
5.4.2 Critical Loss Analysis
116(1)
5.4.3 SSNDQ
117(1)
5.4.4 Other Market Definition Techniques
118(1)
5.5 Relevant Market for Data
118(2)
5.6 Conclusions
120(1)
References
121(4)
6 Entry Barriers of Data Monopoly
125(26)
6.1 Introduction
125(4)
6.2 Entry Analysis in Traditional Markets
129(1)
6.3 Barriers to Entry in Online Markets
130(14)
6.3.1 Economies of Scale
130(3)
6.3.2 Defining Entry Barriers---Data Substitutability
133(1)
6.3.3 Technical, Legal and Behavioural Barriers
134(1)
6.3.4 Data Portability and Data Interoperability
135(5)
6.3.5 Data Standardization
140(2)
6.3.6 Data Sharing
142(2)
6.4 Conclusions
144(1)
References
145(6)
7 Market Power Assessment in Online Markets
151(24)
7.1 Introduction
151(1)
7.2 Assessing Market Power---Traditional Method
152(2)
7.3 Assessing Market Power in Online Markets
154(8)
7.3.1 Economies of Scale and Data Portability
155(1)
7.3.2 Essential Facility Doctrine
156(1)
7.3.3 Strategic Market Status
157(1)
7.3.4 Abusive Behaviour
158(2)
7.3.5 Concentrations in Digital Market
160(2)
7.4 Case Studies
162(7)
7.4.1 Google Search Case
162(3)
7.4.2 Microsoft/Skype
165(1)
7.4.3 Facebook/WhatsApp
166(2)
7.4.4 SAMR/Alibaba Group
168(1)
7.5 Implications of the Cases
169(1)
7.6 Conclusions
169(1)
References
170(5)
8 Data Monopoly and the Impact on Consumer Welfare
175(42)
8.1 Introduction
175(2)
8.2 Improved Quality and Services
177(2)
8.3 Reducing Search Costs
179(3)
8.4 Consumer Self-confidence
182(1)
8.5 Targeted Advertisement
183(1)
8.6 Price Discrimination
184(7)
8.6.1 Definition of Price Discrimination
184(2)
8.6.2 Personalizing Pricing
186(1)
8.6.3 Economic Effects of Price Discrimination
187(2)
8.6.4 Empirical Evidence
189(2)
8.7 Consumer Privacy
191(14)
8.7.1 Consumer Privacy---General Rights
192(1)
8.7.2 Consumer Privacy Paradox
192(3)
8.7.3 Broader Goals of Consumer Welfare
195(4)
8.7.4 Consumer Behaviour
199(4)
8.7.5 Consumer Education
203(2)
8.8 Conclusions
205(1)
References
206(11)
9 Data Regulation, Consumer Protection and Competition Law
217(16)
9.1 Introduction
217(1)
9.2 Data Authority and Data Regulation
218(6)
9.2.1 Data Authority
218(5)
9.2.2 Data Governance
223(1)
9.2.3 Digital Competence
223(1)
9.3 Public and Private Regulation on Data Sharing
224(1)
9.3.1 An Ex-ante Regulatory Framework
224(1)
9.3.2 Public and Private Regulation and Self-regulation in Data Sharing
224(1)
9.4 Data Protection and Personal Data
225(2)
9.5 Coordinating Data Regulation, Consumer Protection and Competition Law
227(3)
9.6 Conclusions
230(1)
References
230(3)
10 Conclusions
233
10.1 Introduction
233(1)
10.2 Economic Theory of Online Platform and Data Monopolies
234(1)
10.3 Quality Competition in Zero-Price Markets
235(1)
10.4 Market Power Assessment
236(2)
10.5 Impact on Consumer Welfare
238(1)
10.6 Implications for Competition Law
238(2)
10.7 Conclusions and Future Research
240(1)
Reference
241
Dr. Jingyuan Ma is Assistant Professor of Law at Central University of Finance and Economics in Beijing, China. Jingyuan holds an LLM in Law and Economics from the University of Hamburg and the University of Ghent (2010), and a BA in Economics from Beijing Foreign Studies University (2009). She obtained her PhD from the University of Hamburg, Erasmus University Rotterdam and the University of Bologna, taking part in the European Doctorate in Law and Economics programme (EDLE). Her teaching and research interests include comparative law, economic analysis of competition law, and law and society in East Asia. She has authored a monograph and several articles on comparative perspectives of competition policy in the USA, the EU, and China.
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