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El. knyga: Religious Secularity: A Theological Challenge to the Islamic State

(Research Fellow, The Institute for Social Justice, the Australian Catholic University)
  • Formatas: 240 pages
  • Serija: Religion and Global Politics
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Nov-2014
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780199391189
  • Formatas: 240 pages
  • Serija: Religion and Global Politics
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Nov-2014
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780199391189

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"Fundamentalism" and "authoritarian secularism" are commonly perceived as the two mutually exclusive paradigms available to Muslim majority countries. Naser Ghobadzadeh highlights the recent political developments that have challenged this perception. He points to mainstream Islamist groups, such as the Muslim Brotherhood and Al-Nahda, that have adopted a distinctly secular-democratic approach to the state re-building process. Their success or failure in transitioning to democracy remains to be seen, but the political position these Islamic groups have carved out suggests the viability of a third way. Ghobadzadeh examines the case of Iran, which has a unique history with respect to the relationship of religion and politics. The country has been subject to both authoritarian secularization and authoritarian Islamization over the last nine decades. While politico-religious discourse in Iran is articulated in response to the Islamic state, it also bears the scars of Iran's history of authoritarian secularizationthe legacy of the Pahlavi regime. Ghobadzadeh conceptualizes this politico-religious discourse as religious secularity. He uses this apparent oxymoron to describe the Islamic quest for a democratic secular state. Offering a new reading of Shiite political theology, Ghobadzadeh argues that the Islamic state is detrimental to religion while a secular state can be compatible with it. Going further, he contends that maintaining a secular government is crucial to the cultivation of genuine religious conviction. This path-breaking analysis of Islamic history challenges existing scholarship, and gives voice to a unique, and optimistic Islamist perspective on what the future of Middle Eastern politics could be.

Recenzijos

Ghobadzadeh's book is a valuable addition to the current literature on Islam and secularism. His book will be useful to students and scholars interested in Iranian political history and thought and modern Muslim reformist thought more generally. Perhaps his greatest contribution is in writing a highly readable book that shows modern Muslims not as simply passive subjects of tyrannical regimes but as critical thinkers who are pushing the envelope of Islamic political thought into a more promising future. * Rushain Abbasi, Journal of Law andReligion * Ghobadzadeh's assessment of Middle Eastern politics is superb and concise. He adopts the Islamic state of Iran as a case study and in essence develops a strong argument for the liberation of religion through a democratic state founded upon a secularity with religious roots planted deep in the theological soil of Islamic teachings. * Ed Cook, Journal of Church & State * An authoritative and highly persuasive innovative Shia alternative to the clerical Islamic state. Ghobazadeh's systematic documentation of an authoritative critique of Khomeini's doctrine of Velayat-e-Faqih from within the Shia tradition can be inspiring and instructive for proponents of similar strategies in the Sunni Muslim world. * Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im, author of Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Sharia * This is a path-breaking book that seeks a middle way between Islamism and assertive secularism. Ghobadzadeh reveals how several Iranian intellectuals and even influential members of the Shiite clergy have opposed the semi-theocratic regime in Iran. Such theological arguments about the necessity of an institutional separation between Islam and the state are hard to find in any other book. * Ahmet T. Kuru, the author of Secularism and State Policies toward Religion: The United States, France, and Turkey * This book is a valuable contribution to the global debate on Islam and democracy. By focusing on the concept of 'religious secularity,' Naser Ghobadzadeh deepens our understanding of how Islamic politics continues to evolve based on the lived experiences of Muslim societies, rather than on some medieval essence. Students and scholars interested in the intersection of religion and politics will benefit from the author's argument and ideas. * Nader Hashemi, Director, Center for Middle East Studies, University of Denver * The book is well written ... Scholars of Iran will find it interesting * G. M. Farr, CHOICE *

Acknowledgments ix
Introduction 1(29)
The Rise of Religious Secularity
4(5)
Unpopularity of the Islamic State
9(3)
Iran: A Chain of Backlashes
12(2)
Fall of a Theory
14(3)
From Secularism to Secularisms
17(3)
From Islamism to Islamisms
20(5)
A Scholarly and Latter-Day Discourse
25(5)
1 Shiite Discourses on Sovereignty
30(43)
Sovereignty in the Shiite School
32(7)
Velayat-e Faqih: A Doctrine of Divine Sovereignty
39(3)
Popular Sovereignty: A Recent Shiite Articulation
42(2)
Jurisprudential Approach
44(10)
Challenges from an Historical Perspective
54(5)
Non-jurisprudential Challenges
59(14)
2 Seeding Secularity: The Rise of a Jurisprudential State
73(23)
The Shifting Trend in State-Religion Relations
74(4)
Fiqh-ul Maslaha
78(6)
Fiqh and the Spirit of Religiosity
84(3)
Islamic State and Fiqh
87(3)
Hypocrisy and the Unification of Religion and State
90(6)
3 Religious Rationale for Separation
96(32)
Religious Motivations
101(1)
Discharging Religion from Governance
102(8)
Unrealistic Expectations of Religion
110(1)
The Hereafter: The Principal Mission of Religion
111(3)
Differentiating Religion from Political Ideology
114(2)
Extra-Religious Nature of Governance
116(3)
Fiqh and Governance
119(9)
4 Political Construction of Clericalism
128(22)
Pope--Emperor Relations
129(4)
An Enduring Apolitical Tradition
133(2)
Political Engagement: A Marginal Discourse
135(3)
The Clergy's Political Leadership in Khomeini's Thought
138(4)
Khomeini's Shifting Political Stance
142(5)
Institutionalizing the Power of the Clergy
147(3)
5 Clerics against Clericalism
150(21)
Passive Resistance: Loyalty to Political Quietism
151(4)
Active Resistance: Campaigning for an Apolitical Stance
155(12)
The Clerical Political System: Resisted and Rejected
167(4)
6 Clerical Hegemony: Contradictions and Paradoxes
171(37)
The Clergy: A Genuine Class in Islam?
173(3)
Governmental Incompetence
176(1)
Shortcomings of the Hawza Educational System
177(4)
The Clergy's Financial Livelihoods
181(6)
A Decentralized Structure
187(1)
Marjaiat--Velayat Conflict
188(5)
Religious Remuneration
193(2)
Dealing with Dissident Clerics
195(2)
Politicizing the Preferment to Marjaiat
197(5)
Clergy's Spiritual Reputation
202(6)
Conclusion
208(9)
Repudiating the Clerical Islamic State
209(2)
Promoting the Secular Democratic State
211(2)
Religious Secularity: An Unfolding Discourse
213(4)
Bibliography 217(38)
Index 255
Naser Ghobadzadeh is a Research Fellow at the Institute for Social Justice, the Australian Catholic University (ACU). Researching the intersection of religion and politics, his interests lie in the study of Islamic political theology, secularism, state-religion-society relations, and Middle East and Iranian politics.