Remediation of Firing Range Impact Berms [Kietas viršelis]

Executive Summary		xxv
Introduction		1	(6)
Project Overview		1	(1)
Site Identification		2	(1)
General Description of Pilot Plant		3	(3)
Full-Scale Plant Economics		6	(1)
Soil Washing Teatability Studies		7	(34)
Particle Sizing and Gravity Separation		8	(4)
NAS Miramar		8	(2)
Twentynine Palms		10	(1)
Fort Dix		10	(2)
Attrition Scrubbing of Miramar Soil		12	(1)
Hydrocyclone Tests		12	(1)
Summary of Physical Treatment Studies		13	(1)
Chemical Treatment - Leaching		13	(14)
Leaching Chemistry		14	(2)
Acidic, Basic, and Salt Solutions and pH		16	(2)
Activity Coefficients		18	(3)
Complex Ion Chemistry		21	(4)
Lead Recovery from Leach Solution		25	(2)
Leaching Treatability Studies		27	(6)
Vat or Percolation Leaching		27	(2)
Agitation Leaching		29	(2)
Leaching Conclusions		31	(2)
Flowsheet Design		33	(8)
Technology Demonstration		41	(42)
Test Site Description		41	(2)
Site Selection		41	(1)
Site Description		41	(1)
Site Location		42	(1)
Site History		42	(1)
Pilot Plant Description and Design		43	(18)
Process Flow Design		43	(9)
Equipment Design Specifications and Capacities		52	(8)
Summary of Equipment Design and Operating Capacities		60	(1)
Pilot System Fabrication		61	(7)
Gravity Separation System		61	(3)
Vat Leaching System		64	(2)
Water System		66	(1)
Compressed Air System		67	(1)
Electrical System		67	(1)
Process Control System		67	(1)
Pilot System Shakedown		67	(1)
Project Execution		68	(15)
Field Implementation		68	(1)
Operating Capacities		69	(2)
Process Design, Operations, and Monitoring		71	(8)
Ancillary Equipment Operation		79	(1)
Health and Safety		80	(1)
Pilot Plant Demonstration Results Summary		81	(2)
Design and Operation of Hypothetical System		83	(10)
Remedial Objectives		83	(1)
Engineering Design		83	(10)
Plant Design Criteria		83	(1)
Conceptual Design		83	(4)
Equipment Selection and Design		87	(6)
Economic Analysis		93	(14)
Introduction		93	(1)
Assumptions		93	(1)
Cost Analysis for a Hypothetical Site		94	(9)
Mobilization and Preparation Work		95	(2)
Physical Treatment		97	(5)
Demobilization		102	(1)
Effluent Treatment and Disposal Cost		102	(1)
Residual Waste Shipping and Handling		102	(1)
Permitting and Regulatory Requirements		102	(1)
Analytical Services		102	(1)
Maximizing Treatment Rate		103	(1)
Potential Effects on Cost or Performance		103	(4)
Performance and Potential Application		107	(260)
Operability of the Technology		107	(1)
Applicable Wastes		107	(1)
Advantages of the Designed Soil Washing System		108	(1)
Site Characteristics Suitable for the Technology		108	(2)
Site Selection		108	(1)
Surface, Subsurface, and Clearance Requirements		108	(1)
Utility Requirements		109	(1)
Site Support Facilities and Equipment		109	(1)
Climate		109	(1)
Materials Handling Requirements		110	(1)
Limitations of the Technology		110	(1)
Objectives and Performance as Compared to ARAR		110	(5)
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)		110	(1)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)		111	(3)
Clean Air Act (CAA)		114	(1)
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)		114	(1)
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)		114	(1)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Requirements (OSHA)		114	(1)
Personnel Requirements		115	(1)
Training		115	(1)
Health and Safety		115	(2)
Appendices
Appendix A CMRI Treatability Study Results		117	(94)
A.1 Introduction, Summary and Conclusions		117	(1)
A.2 Samples		118	(1)
A.3 Sizing - Gravity Separation		118	(5)
A.4 Attrition Scrubbing of Miramar Coarse Fraction		123	(1)
A.5 Hydrocyclone Studies		123	(1)
A.6 Percolation Leaching		124	(1)
A.7 Agitation Leaching		125	(1)
A.8 Disclaimer		126	(1)
Appendix A.1 Size and Gravity Separation Data Sheets		127	(9)
Appendix A.2 Attrition Scrubber Data Sheets		136	(2)
Appendix A.3 Nydrocyclone Data Sheets		138	(3)
Appendix A.4 Percolation Leach Data Sheets		141	(8)
Appendix A.5 Agitation Leach Data Sheets		149	(62)
Appendix B Demonstration Process Flowsheet		211	(2)
Appendix C Operating Rates and Mass Balance for NAS Miramar Pilot Plant		213	(12)
C.1 Specifications for Mass Balance		213	(12)
Appendix D Supporting Calculations for Equipment Capacities		225	(38)
D.1 Attrition Scrubber		225	(6)
D.2 Trommel		231	(2)
D.3 Mineral Jig		233	(3)
D.4 Spiral Classifier		236	(8)
D.5 Hydrocyclone		244	(4)
D.6 Reichert Spiral Concentrator		248	(8)
D.7 Sieve Bend Screen		256	(3)
D.8 Knelson Concentrator		259	(4)
Appendix E Pilot Plant Photographs		263	(14)
Appendix F Daily Log and Results of Feed Rate Tests		277	(10)
F.1 Introduction		277	(1)
F.2 Daily Project Log		278	(4)
F.3 Feed Rates		282	(5)
Appendix G Analytical Discussion		287	(6)
G.1 Introduction		287	(1)
G.2 Analytical Discussion		287	(3)
G.3 Soil Reuse Potential		290	(3)
Appendix H Process Control and Monitoring Data		293	(4)
H.1 Introduction		293	(1)
H.2 Process Control Physical Layout		293	(4)
Appendix I Process Flowsheet and Mass Balance for Full-scale Plant		297	(6)
Appendix J Equipment Calculations for Full-scale Plant		303	(42)
J.1 Grizzly Screen		307	(3)
J.2 Double Deck Wet Screen		310	(3)
J.3 Primary Mineral Jig		313	(2)
J.4 Dewatering Screen #1		315	(1)
J.5 Spiral Classifier		316	(4)
J.6 Secondary Mineral Jig		320	(1)
J.7 Dewatering Screen #2		321	(1)
J.8 Primary MD LG7 Spiral Concentrator		322	(4)
J.9 Secondary MD LG7 Spiral Concentrator		326	(2)
J.10 Dewatering Screen #3		328	(3)
J.11 Humates Screen		331	(1)
J.12 Clarifier		332	(1)
J.13 Centrifuge		333	(2)
J.14 Pumps		335	(6)
J.15 Water and Slurry Lines		341	(1)
J.16 Electrical Power		341	(4)
Appendix K Design Figures for Full-scale Plant		345	(10)
Appendix L Cost Analysis Backup Data		355	(12)
L.1 Project Durations and Labor Rates		355	(1)
L.2 WBS 1: Mobilization and Preparatory Work		356	(3)
L.3 WBS 2: Physical Treatment		359	(4)
L.4 WBS 3: Demobilization		363	(1)
L.5 Vendor Quotes		364	(3)
References		367

Douglas A. Hlousek, Douglas A. Hlousek is a senior project manager with Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. He has over 25 years of experience in construction management, project management, project controls, and estimating. His expertise is in design-build construction, hazardous waste site remediation, underground storage tank remediation, earthwork, site drainage, water distribution, and sewage disposal projects. He has a B.S. in general engineering from the United States Coast Guard Academy, and an A.S. in business management from Fisher College. He received a certification in environmental hazardous waste management at Northeastern University. He is a technical director for Metcalf & Eddys NoVOCs innovative technology, providing project control support for the design, pricing structure, and scheduling of NoVOCs in-well stripping projects nationwide. Mr. Hlousek was the program manager for the technology evaluation for Remediation of Lead Contaminated Soils at Small-Arms Firing Ranges Using Mining and Beneficiation Technologies. Mr. Hlousek has presented papers and published articles in the areas of remediation and innovative technologies., Thomas A. Phillips, Thomas A. Phillips is the President of Hydro GeoTech, Inc. where he is a consultant involved in applying technical solutions to environmental problems at industrial plants and military bases. He has a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Maryland. Since 1973, Mr. Phillips has worked in a variety of capacities while employed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (BOM). In his most recent position, he was research supervisor for the environmental program at the Salt Lake Research Center. In this position, Mr. Phillips supervised 35 researchers who investigated mineralrelated environmental issues. He also led or was part of interagency teams involved in acid-mine drainage using water treatment technologies, mine closures, military base closures, and BOM realignment and environmental planning. Mr. Phillips experience includes serving as a staff engineer where he was responsible for several major programs for primary minerals and recycling and for long range planning, reviewing research plans, and assessing their progress. He has also served as a special assistant to the BOM Director of the Solidad Canyon Project. Mr. Phillips has published several articles and many internal documents involving mineral industry and remediation technologies., Donald F. Lowe, Donald F. Lowe is an Assistant Program Manager with AATDF at Rice University where he managed four projects involving the field demonstration of innovative technologies. Dr. Lowe has a Ph.D. in metallurgy-chemical engineering from the University of Arizona, a M.S. in metallurgical engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a B.S. in mining engineering from the University of North Dakota. In his capacity as project manager for AATDF, Dr. Lowe provided the necessary managerial guidance and technical expertise to bring each project through a successful demonstration. He has also been an active participant in the preparation of the reports for each project. Since 1986, Dr. Lowe has been involved as a technical manager, proposal manager, and senior engineer with several environmental firms. His management responsibilities included cost estimation of remediation projects and economic feasibility studies for numerous processes. He also has provided technical guidance for many remediation projects. Prior to 1986, Dr. Lowe was employed for 25 years as a research supervisor or research engineer with four primary mining or metals recycling companies. He has several patents and publications that are related to metals extraction and recycling processes., Karen L. Duston, Karen L. Duston is a Research Scientist in the Energy and Environmental Systems Institute (EESI) at Rice University. As a technical reviewer and editor, Dr. Duston has been active in the preparation of the reports for the AATDF projects. She has held the position of Coordinator of the Superfund University Training Institute (SUTI), a federally funded program offering environmental assessment and remediation training to state and federal employees, and as manager of the biological remediation laboratory at Rice University. She was responsible for the daily operation of SUTI and coordinated government, academic, and industrial efforts to offer and prepare instructional materials for the courses. Dr. Duston has a Ph.D. in environmental science and engineering from Rice University, a M.S. in microbiology from Texas A&M University, and a B.S. in chemistry and in metallurgical engineering from the University of Texas at El Paso., Carroll L. Oubre, Carroll L. Oubre is the Program Manager for the DOD/AATDF Program. As Program Manager he is responsible for the day-to-day management of the $19.3 million DOD/AATDF Program. This includes guidance of the AATDF staff, overview of the 12 demonstration projects, assuring project milestones are met within budget, and that complete reporting of the results are timely. Dr. Oubre has a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Southwestern Louisiana, a M.S. in chemical engineering from Ohio State University, and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from Rice University. He worked for Shell Oil Company for 28 years, with his last job as Manager of Environmental Research and Development for Royal Dutch Shell in England. Prior to that, he was Director of Environmental Research and Development at Shell Development Company in Houston, Texas., C. H. (Herb) Ward, C. H. (Herb) Ward is the Foyt Family Chair of Engineering in the George R. Brown School of Engineering at Rice University. He is also Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology., Dr. Ward has undergraduate (B.S.) and graduate (M.S. and Ph.D.) degrees from New Mexico State University and Cornell University, respectively. He also earned the M.P.H. in environmental health from the University of Texas., Following 22 years as Chair of the Department of Environmental Science & Engineering at Rice University, Dr. Ward is now Director of the Energy and Environmental Systems Institute (EESI), a university-wide program designed to mobilize industry, government, and academia to focus on problems related to energy production and environmental protection., Dr. Ward is also Director of the Department of Defense Advanced Applied Technology Demonstration Facility (AATDF) Program, a distinguished consortium of university-based environmental research centers supported by consulting environmental engineering firms to guide selection, development, demonstration, and commercialization of advanced applied environmental restoration technologies for the DOD. For the past 18 years, he has directed the activities of the National Center for Ground Water Research (NCGWR), a consortium of universities charged with conducting long-range exploratory research to help anticipate and solve the nations emerging ground water problems. He is also Co-Director of the EPA-sponsored Hazardous Substances Research Center/South & Southwest (HSRC/S&SW), whose research focus is on contaminated sediments and dredged materials., Dr. Ward has served as President of both the American Institute of Biological Sciences and the Society for Industrial Microbiology. He is the founding and current Editor-in-Chief of the international journal Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.