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El. knyga: Review of Biotreatment, Water Recovery, and Brine Reduction Systems for the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant

  • Formatas: 60 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Jun-2013
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309263948
  • Formatas: 60 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Jun-2013
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309263948

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The Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD) in Colorado is one of two sites that features U.S. stockpile of chemical weapons that need to be destroyed. The PCD features about 2,600 tons of mustard-including agent. The PCD also features a pilot plant, the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant (PCAPP), which has been set up to destroy the agent and munition bodies using novel processes. The chemical neutralization or hydrolysis of the mustard agent produces a Schedule 2 compound called thiodiglycol (TDG) that must be destroyed. The PCAPP uses a combined water recovery system (WRS) and brine reduction system (BRS) to destroy TDG and make the water used in the chemical neutralization well water again.





Since the PCAPP is using a novel process, the program executive officer for the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives (ACWA) program asked the National Research Council (NRC) to initiate a study to review the PCAPP WRS-BRS that was already installed at PCAPP. 5 months into the study in October, 2012, the NRC was asked to also review the Biotreatment area (BTA). The Committee on Review of Biotreatment, Water Recovery, and Brine Reduction Systems for the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant was thus tasked with evaluating the operability, life-expectancy, working quality, results of Biotreatment studies carried out prior to 1999 and 1999-2004, and the current design, systemization approached, and planned operation conditions for the Biotreatment process.

Review of Biotreatment, Water Recovery, and Brine Reduction Systems for the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant is the result of the committee's investigation. The report includes diagrams of the Biotreatment area, the BRS, and WRS; a table of materials of construction, the various recommendations made by the committee; and more. Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Background 2 The PCAPP Biotreatment System 3 The Water Recovery and Brine Reduction Systems 4 Materials of Construction Review Appendix A: Table of Materials of Construction Appendix B: Corrosion-Monitoring Guides and Testing Materials Suppliers Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members Appendix D: Committee Meetings
Summary 1(5)
1 Background
6(4)
Brief Description of the PCAPP Process
6(2)
Statement of Task
8(1)
Scope
8(1)
Organization of This Report
9(1)
References
9(1)
2 The PCAPP Biotreatment System
10(13)
General Description of the Bioreactor System
10(2)
Committee's Review of the System
12(1)
Complexity of the Influent Stream and Related Toxicity/Inhibition
13(3)
pH Impacts on Biodegradation
16(1)
Temperature Impacts on Biodegradation
16(1)
Solids Buildup Concerns
17(1)
Oxygen Demand and Flux Issues
18(2)
Start-up Issues
20(1)
Analysis and Composition of the Effluent and Off-Gas from the Bioreactors
21(1)
References
21(2)
3 The Water Recovery And Brine Reduction Systems
23(10)
Acid Addition, Feed/Distillate Heat Exchange, and CO2 Stripping
23(2)
Evaporation with Steam Compression
25(1)
Crystallizer Description
26(1)
Belt Filtration
27(1)
Condensation of Vapor from the Deaerator, Evaporator, and Crystallizer
27(1)
Activated Carbon Adsorption
28(1)
Uses of Carbon
28(1)
Distillate Carbon Filters
28(1)
Issues Related to the Water Flow Stream
28(2)
Drinking Water Quality Requirement
30(1)
The Crystallizer
30(1)
The Evaporator
31(1)
The Deaerator
31(1)
Issues Related to the Gas Flow Stream
31(1)
Issues Related to the Solids Flow Stream
31(1)
Issues Related to the Entire BRS
31(1)
References
32(1)
4 Materials Of Construction Review
33(6)
Materials of Construction for the Biotreatment, Water Recovery, and Brine Reduction Systems
33(1)
Overview
33(1)
Corrosion Monitoring
34(1)
Corrosion-Monitoring Methods
35(1)
Use of Metallic Coupons
36(1)
Electrical Resistance Probes
36(1)
Polarization Resistance Measurement
36(1)
Electrochemical Noise
36(2)
Other Considerations Relevant to Corrosion Monitoring
38(1)
References
38(1)
Appendixes
A Table of Materials of Construction
39(3)
B Corrosion-Monitoring Guides and Testing Materials Suppliers
42(1)
C Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
43(4)
D Committee Meetings
47