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El. knyga: Review Criteria for Successful Treatment of Hydrolysate at the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant

  • Formatas: 102 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 05-Oct-2015
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309376433
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 102 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 05-Oct-2015
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309376433
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In 1993, the United States signed the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), an international treaty outlawing the production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons. The chemical weapons stockpiles at five of the U.S. chemical weapons storage sites have now been destroyed. At those sites, the munitions were robotically opened and the chemical agent was removed, collected, and incinerated.





One of the remaining sites with chemical weapons stockpiles is the Blue Grass Army Depot near Richmond, Kentucky. In this case, caustic hydrolysis will be used to destroy the agents and energetics, resulting in a secondary waste stream known as hydrolysate. Review Criteria for Successful Treatment of Hydrolysate at the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant develops criteria for successfully treating the hydrolysate, identifies systemization data that should factor into the criteria/decision process, suggests potential modifications to suggested treatment that would allow continued onsite processing, and assesses waste disposal procedures. This study further examines the possibility of delay or failure of the existing technology and examines possible alternatives to onsite treatment.



Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 The Supercritical Water Oxidation and Water Recovery System Processes Planned for Use at the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant 3 Stakeholder Interests and Issues 4 Regulatory Requirements for Offsite Hydrolysate Shipment and Treatment 5 Transportation of Chemical Materials 6 Hydrolysate Treatment Criteria for Success and Decision Framework 7 Underperformance and Failure Risks, Systemization, and Contingency Options Appendixes Appendix A: Chronology of Events at the Blue Grass Army Depot to the Present, With Focus on Public Involvement Appendix B: Public Interest and Input Documents Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members Appendix D: Committee Activities
SUMMARY
1(68)
1 Introduction
8(6)
Statement of Task
9(1)
Overview of the Committee's Work and the Factors Impacting on It
10(1)
Introduction to BGCAPP Hydrolysate Treatment Technologies
10(2)
Criteria for Successfully Treating Hydrolysate
12(1)
Consideration of Alternative Technologies
12(1)
Organization of This Report
13(1)
References
13(1)
2 The Supercritical Water Oxidation And Water Recovery System Processes Planned For Use At The Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant
14(7)
Brief Description of the BGCAPP Process
14(1)
Characterization of Agent and Energetics Hydrolysates
15(1)
GB Hydrolysate Composition
15(1)
VX Hydrolysate Composition
16(1)
Chemical Weapons Convention Treaty Chemicals in Agent Hydrolysate
17(1)
Energetics Hydrolysate Composition
17(1)
General Description of Supercritical Water Oxidation
18(1)
Supercritical Water Oxidation at BGCAPP
19(1)
Description of the BGCAPP Water Recovery System
19(1)
References
20(1)
3 Stakeholder Interests and Issues
21(7)
Current Public Involvement Process
21(1)
Committee Approach to Gathering Information
22(1)
Past Experience as It Affects the Context for Assessing Contingency Options
22(1)
The ACWA Dialogue Process
23(1)
Development of Meaningful Public Involvement
23(1)
Key Concerns Expressed by the CAC/CDCAB
24(1)
Opposition to Offsite Shipment
24(1)
Decision Criteria
24(1)
CAC/CDCAB Expectations for Public Involvement
24(1)
Concerns about the Impacts of Offsite Shipment on Receiving Communities
25(1)
Summary
26(1)
Findings and Recommendations
26(1)
References
27(1)
4 Regulatory Requirements For Offsite Hydrolysate Shipment and Treatment
28(9)
Introduction
28(1)
RCRA Permitting
28(1)
Regulatory Background
28(1)
Hazardous Waste Listings and Characteristics
29(1)
RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions
30(1)
Structure of RCRA Permit at BGCAPP
30(2)
Other Environmental Requirements
32(1)
Toxic Substances Control Act
32(1)
Clean Air Act
33(1)
Water Withdrawal Requirements under State Law
33(1)
National Environmental Policy Act Requirements
34(1)
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
35(1)
References
36(1)
5 Transportation Of Chemical Materials
37(6)
Department of Transportation Regulations
37(1)
The Historical Transportation of Chemical Munition Materials
38(1)
Identification of the Risks of Transporting Hydrolysate
39(1)
Risks Due to a Heavy Truck Crash, Independent of Cargo
40(1)
Additional Risks from Carrying Hazardous Materials
40(1)
Additional Risks Posed by Transporting Hydrolysate
41(1)
Related Prior Findings and Recommendations from National Research Council Reports
41(1)
References
42(1)
6 Hydrolysate Treatment Criteria For Success and Decision Framework
43(7)
Criteria for Successful Hydrolysate Treatment
43(2)
Graded Success Scale
45(1)
A Decision Framework for Determining Successful SCWO and WRS Operation
45(2)
Factors Affecting a Decision to Move to Offsite Treatment
47(1)
Preoperational Testing Factoring Into the Decision Process
47(2)
References
49(1)
7 Underperformance and Failure Risks, Systemization, and Contingency Options
50(19)
Underperformance and Failure Risks, Systemization, and Contingency Options for the Supercritical Water Oxidation System
50(1)
Energetics Hydrolysate
51(1)
GB and VX Agent Hydrolysate
52(1)
Technical Factors That May Lead to Insufficient SCWO Treatment
52(2)
SCWO Systemization and Likelihood of Insufficient Treatment
54(1)
Impacts If the SCWO System Underperforms or Does Not Perform
55(1)
SCWO Contingency Options
55(1)
Underperformance and Failure Risks, Systemization, and Contingency Options for the Water Recovery System
56(1)
Technical Factors That May Lead to Insufficient Treatment
56(3)
WRS Systemization and Likelihood of Insufficient Treatment
59(1)
Impacts If WRS Underperforms or Does Not Perform
59(1)
WRS Contingency Options
60(1)
Offsite Shipment as a Contingency Option
61(2)
Plant
63(1)
Paper
63(1)
People
64(1)
Treatment Timeline in the Offsite Shipment Decision
64(1)
References
65(4)
APPENDIXES
A Chronology of Events at the Blue Grass Army Depot to the Present, With Focus on Public Involvement
69(6)
B Public Interest and Input Documents
75(6)
C Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
81(3)
D Committee Activities
84