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El. knyga: Robot Play for All: Developing Toys and Games for Disability

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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: Research for Development
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Nov-2022
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783031050428
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Robot Play for All: Developing Toys and Games for DisabilityDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: Research for Development
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Nov-2022
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783031050428
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This book presents a comprehensive guide to the design of playing robots and the related play experiences. Play is a natural activity for building and improving abilities, and it reveals important particularly for persons with disabilities. Many social, physical and cultural factors may hinder children with disabilities from fully enjoying play as their peers. Autonomous robots with specific characteristics can enhance the ludic experience, having implications for the character of the play and presenting opportunities related to autonomy and physical movement, the very nature of robots. Their introduction into play thus provides everybody, and in particular persons with disabilities, new possibilities for developing abilities, improving general status, participating in social contexts, as well as supporting professionals in monitoring progress.





This book presents a framework for the design of playful activities with robots, developed over 20 years experience at AIRLab - POLIMI. Part 1 introduces the play concepts and characteristics, and research results about play of children with different kinds of impairments. Part 2 focuses on implementing robots able to play. The design of playful activities is discussed, as well as the necessary characteristics for them to be useful in both general play and activities involving disability-related limitations. In Part 3, the defined framework is used to analyze possibilities involving robots available on the toy market, robots developed at research labs, and robots to be developed in the next future. The aim of the book is to give developers, caregivers, and users a set of methodological tools for selecting, exploring, and designing inclusive play activities where robots play a central role.
1 Introduction
1(8)
Andrea Bonarini
Serenella Besio
1.1 Background
1(3)
1.2 Aims
4(1)
1.3 Structure
4(5)
Part I Inclusive Play
2 Play and Games
9(66)
Serenella Besio
2.1 Introduction: Impregnability of Pay
9(2)
2.2 The Nature of Play
11(11)
2.2.1 Anthropology: Times and Geographies
11(2)
2.2.2 From Ethology to Neuroscience
13(3)
2.2.3 Classic Theories: Philosophical and Pedagogical Conceptions
16(2)
2.2.4 Three Pillars of Psychology
18(3)
2.2.5 Cultural Studies
21(1)
2.3 Functions of Play
22(4)
2.4 Characteristics of Play
26(8)
2.4.1 LUDI--Characteristics of Play
27(3)
2.4.2 Henricks: Qualities of Play
30(1)
2.4.3 Eberle: Elements of Play
31(3)
2.5 Definitions of Play
34(4)
2.5.1 Sutton-Smith's Definition
35(1)
2.5.2 The LUDI Action Choice: Garvey's Definition
35(1)
2.5.3 Burghardt's Definition
36(1)
2.5.4 Eberle's Definition
37(1)
2.6 Types of Play
38(10)
2.6.1 Piaget and Vygotskij: Child Development Through Play Development
39(3)
2.6.2 The Concept of Mature Play and Its Levels
42(2)
2.6.3 The LUDI Action: Types of Play
44(4)
2.7 A World Apart? Games
48(1)
2.8 Short Reflections on Play and Technology
49(2)
2.9 Contexts and Mediators of Play
51(15)
2.9.1 Environments
51(4)
2.9.2 Mediators: Toys
55(4)
2.9.3 Mediators: Play Companions
59(5)
2.9.4 "Le cadre ludique"
64(2)
2.10 Research in Play
66(9)
2.10.1 Tools for Play Assessment
68(1)
2.10.2 Two Thorny Descriptors of Play
69(6)
3 Play and Disabilities
75(78)
Serenella Besio
3.1 Play and Children with Disabilities. A Right Claiming for Accomplishment
75(13)
3.1.1 Children with Disabilities are Children and They Do Play
75(3)
3.1.2 What Is Disability?
78(2)
3.1.3 Disability Towards the Future: All Means All
80(4)
3.1.4 Play and Children with Disabilities: Relation is the Key
84(4)
3.2 Children with Physical Impairments
88(12)
3.2.1 Physical Impairment, its Characteristics, and Current Issues
88(2)
3.2.2 Impact of Physical Impairment on Participation to Play
90(3)
3.2.3 Factors Affecting and Favouring the Play Activity
93(7)
3.3 Children with Intellectual Disability
100(11)
3.3.1 Intellectual Disability, its Characteristics and Current Issues
100(3)
3.3.2 Impact of Intellectual Impairment on Participation to Play
103(4)
3.3.3 Factors Affecting and Favouring the Play Activity
107(4)
3.4 Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
111(16)
3.4.1 Autism Spectrum Disorders, its Characteristics and Current Issues
111(5)
3.4.2 Impact of Autism Spectrum Disorders on Participation to Play
116(3)
3.4.3 When Play Becomes a Means of Intervention Programs to Teach and Learn to Play
119(3)
3.4.4 Factors Affecting and Favouring the Play Activity
122(5)
3.5 Children with Visual Impairments
127(12)
3.5.1 Visual Impairment, its Characteristics and Current Issues
127(3)
3.5.2 Impact of Visual Impairment on Participation to Play
130(3)
3.5.3 Factors Affecting and Favouring the Play Activity
133(6)
3.6 Children with Hearing Impairments
139(14)
3.6.1 Hearing Impairment, its Characteristics and Current Issues
139(4)
3.6.2 Impact of Hearing Impairment on Participation to Play
143(2)
3.6.3 Factors Affecting and Favouring the Play Activity
145(8)
Part II Playing Robots
4 Playful Robots
153(26)
Andrea Bonarini
4.1 Definitions
153(3)
4.2 Body
156(6)
4.2.1 Shape
156(2)
4.2.2 Size
158(3)
4.2.3 Color
161(1)
4.2.4 Material
161(1)
4.3 Actuators
162(4)
4.3.1 Motion
162(3)
4.3.2 Sound
165(1)
4.3.3 Light
166(1)
4.4 Sensors
166(3)
4.5 Behaviour and Play
169(2)
4.6 Playground
171(1)
4.7 Animacy
172(3)
4.8 Emotion
175(2)
4.9 Cost Considerations
177(2)
5 Robots and Play Activities
179(6)
Andrea Bonarini
5.1 The Role of Robots in Play
179(2)
5.2 Aims and Issues
181(2)
5.3 The Player
183(1)
5.4 The Design of Play Activities with Robots
183(1)
5.5 Robot and Game Design for the Market
184(1)
6 The Role of Robots in Play Activities for Persons with Disabilities
185(12)
Andrea Bonarini
6.1 Play and Disability
185(5)
6.1.1 Physical Impairments
186(1)
6.1.2 Intellectual Disabilities and Autism
187(2)
6.1.3 Sensor Disabilities
189(1)
6.2 Inclusion
190(1)
6.3 Data Collection
190(3)
6.4 Usability and Accessibility
193(4)
Part III Experiences with Playing Robots
7 Existing Robotic Toys
197(10)
Andrea Bonarini
7.1 Toy Categories
197(3)
7.2 Playing with Robots Available on the Market
200(7)
7.2.1 Pets
200(1)
7.2.2 Tele-Controlled and Tele-Operated Robots
201(2)
7.2.3 Programmable Robots
203(1)
7.2.4 Button-Operated Robots
204(1)
7.2.5 Robotic Assembly
204(1)
7.2.6 Autonomous Robots
205(2)
8 Experimental Robots
207(24)
Andrea Bonarini
8.1 Introduction to Experimental Robots
207(1)
8.2 Play for the Sake of Play
208(4)
8.3 Structured Play
212(12)
8.3.1 Solitary Games
212(8)
8.3.2 Multiplayer Games
220(4)
8.4 Evaluation of Outcomes and Play Activity
224(7)
8.4.1 Outcome Evaluation
225(2)
8.4.2 Evaluation of Robotic Play Activities
227(4)
9 Ethical, Social, and Psychological Issues
231(6)
Andrea Bonarini
9.1 Ethical Issues
231(1)
9.2 Physical Safety
232(1)
9.3 Cognitive Safety and Social Issues
233(2)
9.4 Privacy
235(2)
10 To Infinity and Beyond
237(4)
Andrea Bonarini
10.1 Dream Robots
237(3)
10.2 Dream Play
240(1)
11 Conclusion
241(10)
Andrea Bonarini
Serenella Besio
11.1 Conclusion
241(1)
11.2 Guidelines for the Development of Play Activities
242(7)
11.3 Farewell
249(2)
References 251(36)
Index 287
Andrea Bonarini is a full professor at the Politecnico di Milano, Italy, teaching courses about Robotics and AI at the Industrial and Information Engineering School and at the Design School. He is also in charge of the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Lab. Over the course of 25 years, he has developed, in conjunction with his students, more than 40 different playing robots, many of which are oriented towards people with disabilities, the latter created as part of a program that he launched through the Playbot4All initiative. His research interests include autonomous robotic agent design, humanrobot interaction, robot-based entertainment, affective computing, intelligent data interpretation, reinforcementmachine learning, and fuzzy systems.





Serenella Besio is a full Professor in Didactic and Special Education at the University of Bergamo, Italy. She teaches courses on disability and educational topics. She has coordinated national and international projects on the use of play, and playing robots, for rehabilitation, including the EU COST network LUDI play for children with disabilities. Her main research topics include assistive technologies and the promotion of play rights for children with disabilities.
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