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Romanian: An Essential Grammar 2nd edition [Kietas viršelis]

(University College London, UK)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 276 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 544 g, 250 Tables, black and white
  • Serija: Routledge Essential Grammars
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Dec-2020
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138230553
  • ISBN-13: 9781138230552
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Romanian: An Essential Grammar 2nd editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 276 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 544 g, 250 Tables, black and white
  • Serija: Routledge Essential Grammars
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Dec-2020
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138230553
  • ISBN-13: 9781138230552
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781138230552.html
Raktažodžiai:

Now in its second edition, Romanian: An Essential Grammar is a concise, user-friendly guide to modern Romanian. It takes the student through the essentials of the language, explaining each concept clearly and providing many examples of contemporary Romanian usage.

This fully revised second edition contains:

• a chapter of each of the most common grammatical areas with Romanian and English examples

• extensive examples of the more difficult areas of the grammar

• a section with exercises to consolidate the learning, and the answer key

• a list of useful verbs

• an appendix listing useful websites for further information

• a glossary of grammatical terms used in the book

• a useful bibliographical list.

Suitable for both classroom use and independent study, this book is ideal for beginner to intermediate students.

Preface xiv
Acknowledgements xv
List of abbreviations
xvi
Concise glossary of grammatical terms xvii
Part I An essential grammar
1(180)
Chapter 1 Sounds and letters
3(22)
1.1 The Romanian alphabet
3(1)
1.2 Vowels
4(2)
1.3 Consonants
6(3)
1.4 Diphthongs and triphthongs
9(4)
1.4.1 Diphthongs
9(2)
1.4.2 Vowels in hiatus
11(1)
1.4.3 Triphthongs
12(1)
1.5 Stress and intonation
13(12)
1.5.1 Stress
13(6)
1.5.2 Intonation
19(2)
1.5.3 Sound changes
21(4)
Chapter 2 Nouns
25(23)
2.1 Gender: masculine, feminine, neuter
25(7)
2.1.1 Masculine nouns
25(2)
2.1.2 Neuter nouns
27(2)
2.1.3 Feminine nouns
29(3)
2.2 Forming the feminine from a masculine noun
32(3)
2.3 Number
35(8)
2.3.1 Masculine nouns
35(2)
2.3.2 Feminine nouns
37(4)
2.3.3 Neuter nouns
41(2)
2.4 The case
43(5)
2.4.1 Nouns with an indefinite article
44(1)
2.4.2 Nouns with a definite article
44(2)
2.4.3 The vocative case
46(2)
Chapter 3 Articles
48(8)
3.1 Indefinite article
48(2)
3.1.1 Uses of the indefinite article
49(1)
3.2 The definite article
50(3)
3.2.1 Uses of the definite article
51(2)
3.3 The demonstrative or adjectival article
53(1)
3.3.1 Uses of the demonstrative article
53(1)
3.4 The possessive article
54(2)
3.4.1 Uses of the possessive article
55(1)
Chapter 4 Adjectives
56(18)
4.1 Descriptive adjectives
56(2)
4.2 Comparison of adjectives
58(2)
4.3 Agreement
60(1)
4.4 Case
61(2)
4.5 Position of adjectives
63(1)
4.6 Other types of adjectives
64(10)
4.6.1 Possessive adjectives
64(2)
4.6.2 Demonstrative adjectives
66(1)
4.6.3 Relative-interrogative adjectives
67(2)
4.6.4 Negative adjectives
69(1)
4.6.5 Indefinite adjectives
69(5)
Chapter 5 Pronouns
74(20)
5.1 Personal pronouns
74(6)
5.1.1 Forms of the personal pronouns
74(1)
5.1.2 Stressed forms
75(1)
5.1.3 Unstressed dative and acussative forms
76(1)
5.1.4 Dative pronouns expressing possession
77(2)
5.1.5 Dansul, daisa, dansii, dansele
79(1)
5.2 Pronouns of politeness
80(1)
5.2.1 Dumneavoastra, dumneata, dumnealui
80(1)
5.3 Possessive pronouns
81(1)
5.4 Demonstrative pronouns
81(1)
5.4.1 Acesta (this)
81(1)
5.4.2 Acela (that)
82(1)
5.4.3 Acelasi (the same one)
82(1)
5.4.4 Celalalt (the other one)
82(1)
5.5 Negative pronouns
82(1)
5.5.1 Nimeni (nobody)
82(1)
5.5.2 Nimic (nothing)
83(1)
5.5.3 Niciunul (no one)
83(1)
5.6 Indefinite pronouns
83(5)
5.6.1 Unul (one)
83(1)
5.6.2 Altul (another one)
84(1)
5.6.3 Tot, toti (all)
84(1)
5.6.4 Mult, multi, putin, putini (much, many, little, few)
84(1)
5.6.5 Atat, atapa (that much, that many)
85(1)
5.6.6 Vreunul (someone/anyone)
86(1)
5.6.7 Oricine, cineva, altcineva (anyone, someone, someone else)
86(1)
5.6.8 Oricare, careva, altcareva, fiecare (anyone, someone, someone else, each)
86(1)
5.6.9 Orice, ceva, altceva (anything, something, something else)
87(1)
5.6.10 Catva, oricat (some, any)
87(1)
5.7 Interrogative-relative pronouns
88(2)
5.7.1 Cine (who)
88(1)
5.7.2 Care (which)
89(1)
5.7.3 Ce (what)
89(1)
5.7.4 Cat (how much)
89(1)
5.8 Emphatic pronouns
90(1)
5.9 Reflexive pronouns
91(3)
Chapter 6 Numerals
94(5)
6.1 Cardinal numerals
94(3)
6.2 Ordinal numerals
97(2)
Chapter 7 Verbs
99(50)
7.1 Moods and tenses
99(1)
7.1.1 Moods
99(1)
7.1.2 Tenses
99(1)
7.2 The indicative mood
99(23)
7.2.1 The present tense
99(9)
7.2.2 The past tenses
108(11)
7.2.3 Future tenses
119(3)
7.3 Presumptive
122(3)
7.3.1 Present presumptive
122(2)
7.3.2 Perfect presumptive
124(1)
7.4 Subjunctive
125(5)
7.4.1 Present subjunctive
125(1)
7.4.2 Verbs ending in -ie
126(1)
7.4.3 Irregular verbs
126(1)
7.4.4 Uses
126(3)
7.4.5 Past subjunctive
129(1)
7.5 Conditional
130(3)
7.5.1 Present conditional
130(1)
7.5.2 Uses of the present conditional
130(1)
7.5.3 Perfect conditional
131(1)
7.5.4 Uses of perfect conditional
132(1)
7.6 Imperative
133(3)
7.6.1 Affirmative form
133(1)
7.6.2 Affirmative imperative with personal pronouns
134(1)
7.6.3 Negative form
135(1)
7.6.4 Negative imperative with personal pronouns
135(1)
7.7 Infinitive
136(1)
7.8 Gerund
137(3)
7.9 Participle
140(1)
7.10 Supine
140(1)
7.11 Passive voice
141(1)
7.11.1 The past participle as an adjective
142(1)
7.12 Reflexive verbs
142(2)
7.12.1 Accusative reflexive verbs
142(1)
7.12.2 Dative reflexive verbs
143(1)
7.12.3 Impersonal constructions with se
144(1)
7.13 Impersonal, unipersonal and bipersonal
144(2)
7.13.1 Impersonal verbs
144(1)
7.13.2 Unipersonal and bipersonal verbs
145(1)
7.14 Sequence of tenses
146(1)
7.15 Verbal expressions
147(2)
Chapter 8 Adverbs
149(7)
8.1 Types
149(1)
8.1.1 Formation
149(1)
8.1.2 Adverbial phrases
150(1)
8.2 Comparison
150(2)
8.2.1 The comparative degree of equality
151(1)
8.2.2 The comparative degree of superiority
151(1)
8.2.3 The comparative degree of inferiority
151(1)
8.2.4 The superlative degree of superiority
151(1)
8.2.5 The superlative degree of inferiority
152(1)
8.2.6 The absolute superlative
152(1)
8.3 Uses
152(2)
8.4 Adverbs mai, si, tot, prea, chiar
154(2)
Chapter 9 Prepositions
156(6)
9.1 Simple prepositions
156(1)
9.2 Prepositional phrases
157(1)
9.3 Uses
157(2)
9.4 Verbs followed by specific prepositions
159(3)
Chapter 10 Conjunctions
162(6)
10.1 Coordinating conjunctions
162(2)
10.2 Subordinating conjunctions
164(4)
Chapter 11 Interjections
168(4)
11.1 Types
168(4)
Chapter 12 Word formation
172(9)
12.1 Suffixes
172(5)
12.2 Prefixes
177(1)
12.3 Compound words
178(3)
Part 2 Language functions
181(37)
Chapter 13 Socialising
183(11)
13.1 General greetings
183(2)
13.1.1 Meeting someone
183(1)
13.1.2 Taking leave
183(1)
13.1.3 Greetings according to the time of day
184(1)
13.1.4 Welcoming
184(1)
13.1.5 Attracting attention
185(1)
13.1.6 Warning
185(1)
13.2 Seasonal greetings
185(1)
13.3 Good wishes and congratulations
186(1)
13.4 Introductions
187(1)
13.5 Forms of address
187(2)
13.5.1 Informal
187(1)
13.5.2 Formal
188(1)
13.5.3 Very formal
188(1)
13.5.4 Titles
188(1)
13.5.5 Family
189(1)
13.6 Talking about one's health
189(2)
13.6.1 Conversationally
189(1)
13.6.2 At the surgery
190(1)
13.6.3 Doctor's orders
190(1)
13.7 Talking about the weather
191(1)
13.8 Directions
191(1)
13.8.1 Questions and answers
191(1)
13.8.2 General conversation
192(1)
13.9 Making excuses
192(1)
13.10 At the dinner table
193(1)
Chapter 14 Exchanging factual information
194(8)
14.1 Identifying people
194(1)
14.1.1 Identity
194(1)
14.1.2 Ownership
194(1)
14.1.3 Profession, occupation
195(1)
14.2 Identifying things
195(1)
14.2.1 Expressing the time
196(1)
14.3 Asking for information
196(1)
14.4 Offering information
197(1)
14.5 Reporting, narrating
197(2)
14.6 Letter writing
199(3)
14.6.1 Opening formulas
199(1)
14.6.2 Closing formulas
199(1)
14.6.3 Examples of letters
200(2)
Chapter 15 Expressing opinions and attitudes
202(5)
15.1 Agreement and disagreement
202(1)
15.2 Remembering something or someone
203(1)
15.3 Possibility and impossibility
204(1)
15.4 Incomprehension and clarification
205(1)
15.5 Certainty and uncertainty
206(1)
Chapter 16 Judgement and evaluation
207(11)
16.1 Expressing pleasure or liking
207(1)
16.2 Expressing displeasure or dislike
208(1)
16.3 Enquiring and expressing interest
208(1)
16.4 Expressing surprise
209(1)
16.5 Expressing hope
210(1)
16.6 Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction
211(1)
16.7 Expressing approval and disapproval
211(1)
16.8 Expressing preference
212(1)
16.9 Expressing gratitude, sympathy, appreciation
213(1)
16.10 Expressing happiness and unhappiness
214(1)
16.11 Apologising
214(1)
16.12 Expressing disappointment, worry, fear
215(1)
16.13 Expressing regret and indifference
216(1)
16.14 Accusing
216(2)
Appendix 1 Exercises 218(32)
Appendix 2 Key to exercises 250(10)
Appendix 3 List of verbs 260(8)
Appendix 4 Internet links about Romania and the Republic of Moldova 268(3)
Bibliography 271(2)
Index 273
Ramona Gönczöl is a lecturer in Romanian language at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London. She is co-author, with Dennis Deletant, of Colloquial Romanian, 4th edition, Routledge, 2012. Ramona's research interests include language acquisition, learner experience, online learning, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, cultural identities and language contact.