Preface |
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xvi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xviii | |
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xix | |
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1 | (14) |
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1.1 Copyright Basics: What You Think You Know May Not Be True |
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3 | (12) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Copyright Protects Creative Expression |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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Copyright Holders' Rights |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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Digital Millennium Copyright Act |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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Visual Artists Rights Act |
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13 | (1) |
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Works Integrated into Buildings |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (54) |
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15 | (3) |
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2.1 Piracy of Books in the Digital Age |
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18 | (11) |
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Piracy in the Digital Age |
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18 | (4) |
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How Does the Law Combat Online Piracy? |
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22 | (1) |
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Suggested Changes to Better Combat Online Piracy |
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23 | (3) |
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26 | (3) |
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2.2 Is a Picture Really Worth More Than a Thousand Words? (The Scope of Copyright Protection for Fictional Characters) |
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29 | (10) |
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30 | (4) |
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What, If Any, Protection Should Be Available for Fictional Characters? |
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34 | (5) |
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2.3 Fair Use: The Judicial Mix-Up over "A Mixed Question of Law and Fact" |
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39 | (9) |
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Nineteenth-Century Roots of Misunderstanding "Mixed Questions" |
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40 | (1) |
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Fixing the "Mixed": Contemporary Supreme Court Approaches |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (4) |
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2.4 Fair Use: The Linchpin to the Future of the Copyright Act |
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48 | (9) |
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Another Way to Advise Clients and Predict Results |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (2) |
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2.5 Self-Publishing Revolution: Copyright Pitfalls for Writers Who Go It Alone |
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57 | (9) |
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Protecting Creative Content |
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58 | (2) |
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Avoiding Lawsuits: Do Not Infringe Someone Else's Copyright |
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60 | (3) |
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Collaborating without Clearly Defined Expectations |
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63 | (1) |
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Contracts, Agreements, Letter Agreements--Whatever You Call Them, They Are Necessary! |
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64 | (2) |
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2.6 Landmark Case: Authors Guild v. Google, Inc. 804 F.3d 202 (2d Cir. 2015) |
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66 | (3) |
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Part III Visual Arts Introduction |
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69 | (46) |
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69 | (3) |
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3.1 How Close Can You Get: Substantial Similarity in the Context of Works of Visual Art |
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72 | (6) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (2) |
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3.2 Gorgeous Photograph, Limited Copyright |
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78 | (13) |
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1884: Photographs Are Copyrightable (Sometimes) |
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78 | (1) |
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Limited, but Meaningful Copyright Protection |
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79 | (3) |
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What Does this Mean in Terms of Modern Practices? |
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82 | (3) |
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Photographs and Fair Use Claims |
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85 | (3) |
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88 | (3) |
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3.3 Copyright Concerns for Visual Journalists |
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91 | (6) |
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Monkey Selfies and Drones |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (3) |
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Registration and Implied Copyright |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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3.4 Social Media: Use It and Lose It? * |
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97 | (14) |
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To Post or Not to Post: That Is the (First) Question |
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98 | (1) |
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Pre-Posting Protections: What Can You Do to Protect the Work You Created? |
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98 | (1) |
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Posting on Social Media: The Terms of Service (TOS) May Determine Your Rights in Any Posted Content |
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98 | (3) |
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Your Works Have Been Pirated: What Can You Do to Pursue Your Rights and Be Compensated? |
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101 | (3) |
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Do the Infringers Have to Pay Your Legal Fees If You Win? |
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104 | (1) |
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What Is the Answer under Current Law to the Question: "Social Media: Use It and Lose It?" |
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105 | (6) |
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3.5 Landmark Case: Rentmeester p. Nike, Inc. 883 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 2018) |
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111 | (4) |
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Sinclair v. Ziff Davis, LLC, No. 18-CV-790 (KMW) 2020 WL 1847841 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 13, 2020) |
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112 | (3) |
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115 | (52) |
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115 | (2) |
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4.1 The Art Collector's Burden: Guiding a Collection through the Thicket of Copyright Laws |
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117 | (18) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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Copyright Infringement and Fair Use |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (11) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (3) |
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4.2 Protection of Street Art: Has VARA Finally Found Its Metier? |
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135 | (10) |
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135 | (1) |
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The Nature of Moral Rights |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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Is VARA Effective in Protecting Art and Artists? |
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138 | (1) |
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The Emergence of Urban Murals |
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139 | (1) |
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Urban Murals Legitimized in the 5Pointz Litigation |
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139 | (2) |
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The Impact of the 5Pointz Case |
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141 | (4) |
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4.3 Appropriation Art: Creating by Taking |
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145 | (6) |
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145 | (1) |
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Background on Fair Use Analysis |
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145 | (2) |
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The Concept of Transformativeness |
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147 | (1) |
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Problems with Transformativeness as Applied to Appropriation Art |
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147 | (1) |
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Restoring Meaning to All Four Fair Use Factors by Not Focusing Exclusively |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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4.4 Appropriation Art: Creating by Using |
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151 | (9) |
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4.5 Authorship and Authenticity: Banksy |
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160 | (3) |
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4.6 Landmark Case: Mass. Museum of Contemporary Art Found., Inc. p. Buchel, 593 F.3d 38 (1st Cir. 2010) |
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163 | (4) |
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Cariou v. Prince 714 F.3d 694 (2d Cir. 2013) |
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164 | (3) |
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167 | (66) |
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167 | (3) |
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5.1 A Remix Compulsory Licensing Regime for Music Mashups |
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170 | (19) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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Copyright General Framework |
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173 | (3) |
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Rap/Hip-Hop's Rocky Road to Constrained Copyright Legitimacy |
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176 | (1) |
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Bridging the Divide: The Case for a Remix Compulsory License |
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177 | (1) |
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The "Cover" License as a Model for Opening up the Remix Marketplace |
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178 | (1) |
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Designing a Remix Compulsory License |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Additional Features and Limitations |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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Additional Benefits of a Remix Compulsory License |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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Bridging Fair Use's Binary Divide |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (4) |
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5.2 Sampling: Using Recordings as Musical Instruments |
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189 | (6) |
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5.3 Subconscious Copying: From George Harrison to Sam Smith, a Song Gets in Your Head and Winds Up in a New Song |
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195 | (6) |
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5.4 Why Music Should Not Be Free: The Battle for Survival |
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201 | (10) |
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5.5 Music, Deposit Copies, and Unanswered Questions after Skidmore p. Led Zeppelin |
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211 | (12) |
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211 | (5) |
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216 | (3) |
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Ownership and Damages Questions |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (2) |
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5.6 Co-Authorship: A Little Help Can Lead to a Big Headache |
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223 | (7) |
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5.7 Landmark Case: Williams p. Gaye 895 F.3d 1106 (9th Cir. 2018) |
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230 | (3) |
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Part VI Video Games and Virtual Worlds |
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233 | (32) |
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233 | (2) |
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6.1 Video Games and Virtual Worlds: Recreating the World and Fighting a Dragon in It |
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235 | (9) |
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Challenges Depicting Reality: People |
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235 | (1) |
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History of Right of Publicity Cases in Games |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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Right of Publicity and Esports |
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239 | (1) |
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Challenges Depicting Reality: Buildings |
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240 | (1) |
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Challenges in Depicting Reality: Vehicles |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (2) |
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6.2 Virtual Property and Virtual Currency |
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244 | (10) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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Terms of Use/Terms of Service |
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248 | (3) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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6.3 Press "X" To Open: Pandora's Loot Box |
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254 | (9) |
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Gambling Law in the US: A General Overview |
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255 | (1) |
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Loot Boxes: Are They Gambling? |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (4) |
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6.4 Landmark Case: Hart v. Elec. Arts, Inc. 717 F.3d 141 (3d Cir. 2013) |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (22) |
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7.1 Buyer Beware: Copyright Issues in the Fashion Industry |
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267 | (6) |
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7.2 Hermes in Hermes: Searching for Boundaries in Non-Traditional Trademarks and Copyrights |
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273 | (7) |
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Hermes and Hermes: Not So Simple |
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273 | (1) |
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The Twentieth-Century Fashion Industry in the US |
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274 | (1) |
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Today's Fashion Industry and Piracy |
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275 | (1) |
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Copyright Protection for Fashion Designs |
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275 | (2) |
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History of Legislative Attempts to Protect Fashion Designs |
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277 | (1) |
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An Alternative to Copyright: Trademark and Trade Dress |
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278 | (2) |
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7.3 Idea/Expression Dichotomy: If the Belt Buckle Fits, You Can Copy It |
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280 | (4) |
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7.4 Landmark Case: Star Athletica, LLC, v. Varsity Brands, Inc., 137 S.Ct. 1002 (2017) |
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284 | (3) |
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287 | (52) |
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8.1 The DMCA Safe Harbor: User-Generated Content |
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289 | (4) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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8.2 The DMCA Safe Harbor: Policy and Practice Divided |
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293 | (5) |
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A Brief Primer on the DMCA Safe Harbor |
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293 | (1) |
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Notice and Takedown in Practice |
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294 | (1) |
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The Perpetual Takedown-Repost Cycle |
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294 | (1) |
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Internet Platforms' Responsiveness and Extra-Statutory Review Standards |
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295 | (1) |
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No Viable Recourse for Invalid Counter-Notices |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (2) |
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8.3 Copyright Trolls: When Copyright Litigation Becomes a Business Model |
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298 | (10) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Statutory Damages and Too Many Mouths to Feed |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (3) |
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8.4 Virtual Reality: Blending the Real World with Copying |
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308 | (14) |
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308 | (1) |
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What is AI Technology, and How Does It Work? |
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309 | (2) |
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Copyright Law's Authorship Requirement |
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311 | (6) |
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Conclusion: Copyright Law Is Built to Adapt to New Technologies |
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317 | (5) |
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8.5 Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Literary Works |
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322 | (13) |
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322 | (1) |
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Artificial Intelligence Defined |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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Are Expressive Works Created by or with the Assistance of AI Copyrightable, and if so, Who Is the Author and/or Copyright Owner of Such Works? |
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325 | (3) |
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Who Is Responsible When an AI Machine Infringes? |
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328 | (2) |
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Is It Always Fair Use to Train AI Machines by Ingesting Large Volumes of Works? |
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330 | (5) |
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8.6 Landmark Cases: Perfect 10, Inc. v Amazon, Inc. 508 F.3d 1146 (9th Cir. 2007) |
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335 | (4) |
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Goldman v. Breitbart News Network, LLC 302 F. Supp. 3d 585 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) |
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336 | (3) |
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339 | (14) |
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341 | (8) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (2) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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346 | (1) |
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AI and Machine-Assisted Creation |
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346 | (1) |
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The Music Modernization Act |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (2) |
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9.2 What's Next: Predictions from Interviewees and Authors |
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349 | (4) |
Index |
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353 | |