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El. knyga: Routledge Companion to Copyright and Creativity in the 21st Century

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  • Formatas: 386 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317331063
  • Formatas: 386 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317331063

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These collected chapters and interviews explore the current issues and debates about how copyright will or should adapt to meet the practices of 21st-century creators and internet users.

The book begins with an overview of copyright law basics. It is organized by parts that correspond to creative genres: Literary Works, Visual Arts, Fine Art, Music, Video Games and Virtual Worlds, Fashion, and Technology. The chapters and interviews address issues such as copyright ownership in work created by Artificial Intelligence (AI), the musical remix market, whether appropriation is ever a fair use of a copyrighted work or if it is always theft, and whether internet- based platforms should do more to deter piracy of creators’ works. Each part ends with an essay explaining the significance of one or two landmark or trendsetting cases to help the reader understand the practical implications of the law.

Written to be accessible to both lay and legal audiences, this unique collection addresses contemporary legal issues that all creators need to understand and will be essential reading for artists, designers, and musicians as well as the lawyers who represent them.

Recenzijos

A helpful guide for lawyers and creators in all sectors of arts and entertainment, this collection assembles contributions from many of the leading figures in law practice and academia. The book offers a useful summary of copyright basics, then explores particular fields through a general introduction, contributor essays, and a "landmark case" illustrating the application of copyright norms to a dispute of legal and human interest. The concluding chapter forecasts future treatment of the key legal issues explored in this volume.

Jane C. Ginsburg, Morton L. Janklow Professor of Literary and Artistic Property Law, Columbia University School of Law

Preface xvi
Acknowledgments xviii
List of Contributors
xix
Part I Copyright Basics
1(14)
1.1 Copyright Basics: What You Think You Know May Not Be True
3(12)
Legal Systems
3(1)
Copyright Is Federal Law
3(1)
Copyright Protects Creative Expression
4(2)
Joint Copyright
6(1)
Work Made for Hire
6(1)
Copyright Holders' Rights
7(1)
Registration
7(1)
Infringement
8(2)
Fair Use
10(1)
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
11(1)
Termination Rights
12(1)
Moral Rights
13(1)
Visual Artists Rights Act
13(1)
Works Integrated into Buildings
14(1)
Part II Literary Works
15(54)
Introduction
15(3)
2.1 Piracy of Books in the Digital Age
18(11)
Cheryl L. Davis
Umair Kazi
Piracy in the Digital Age
18(4)
How Does the Law Combat Online Piracy?
22(1)
Suggested Changes to Better Combat Online Piracy
23(3)
Conclusion
26(3)
2.2 Is a Picture Really Worth More Than a Thousand Words? (The Scope of Copyright Protection for Fictional Characters)
29(10)
Marcia Paul
Overview of Existing Law
30(4)
What, If Any, Protection Should Be Available for Fictional Characters?
34(5)
2.3 Fair Use: The Judicial Mix-Up over "A Mixed Question of Law and Fact"
39(9)
Terence P. Keegan
Nineteenth-Century Roots of Misunderstanding "Mixed Questions"
40(1)
Fixing the "Mixed": Contemporary Supreme Court Approaches
41(2)
Do Not "Shy Away"
43(1)
Conclusion
44(1)
Acknowledgment
44(4)
2.4 Fair Use: The Linchpin to the Future of the Copyright Act
48(9)
Michael Donaldson
Another Way to Advise Clients and Predict Results
50(2)
Parody
52(3)
Conclusion
55(2)
2.5 Self-Publishing Revolution: Copyright Pitfalls for Writers Who Go It Alone
57(9)
Francine Ward
Protecting Creative Content
58(2)
Avoiding Lawsuits: Do Not Infringe Someone Else's Copyright
60(3)
Collaborating without Clearly Defined Expectations
63(1)
Contracts, Agreements, Letter Agreements--Whatever You Call Them, They Are Necessary!
64(2)
2.6 Landmark Case: Authors Guild v. Google, Inc. 804 F.3d 202 (2d Cir. 2015)
66(3)
Part III Visual Arts Introduction
69(46)
Introduction
69(3)
3.1 How Close Can You Get: Substantial Similarity in the Context of Works of Visual Art
72(6)
Dale M. Cendali
Shanti Sadtler Conway
Photography
72(1)
Paintings and Drawings
73(2)
Textiles
75(1)
Sculptural Works
75(1)
Conclusion
76(1)
Acknowledgment
76(2)
3.2 Gorgeous Photograph, Limited Copyright
78(13)
Justin Hughes
1884: Photographs Are Copyrightable (Sometimes)
78(1)
Limited, but Meaningful Copyright Protection
79(3)
What Does this Mean in Terms of Modern Practices?
82(3)
Photographs and Fair Use Claims
85(3)
Conclusion
88(3)
3.3 Copyright Concerns for Visual Journalists
91(6)
Mickey H. Osterreicher
Monkey Selfies and Drones
91(1)
Fair Use
92(3)
Registration and Implied Copyright
95(1)
Conclusion
96(1)
3.4 Social Media: Use It and Lose It? *
97(14)
Joseph T. Baio
To Post or Not to Post: That Is the (First) Question
98(1)
Pre-Posting Protections: What Can You Do to Protect the Work You Created?
98(1)
Posting on Social Media: The Terms of Service (TOS) May Determine Your Rights in Any Posted Content
98(3)
Your Works Have Been Pirated: What Can You Do to Pursue Your Rights and Be Compensated?
101(3)
Do the Infringers Have to Pay Your Legal Fees If You Win?
104(1)
What Is the Answer under Current Law to the Question: "Social Media: Use It and Lose It?"
105(6)
3.5 Landmark Case: Rentmeester p. Nike, Inc. 883 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 2018)
111(4)
Sinclair v. Ziff Davis, LLC, No. 18-CV-790 (KMW) 2020 WL 1847841 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 13, 2020)
112(3)
Part IV Fine Art
115(52)
Introduction
115(2)
4.1 The Art Collector's Burden: Guiding a Collection through the Thicket of Copyright Laws
117(18)
Judith B. Prowda
Introduction
117(1)
Copyright Ownership
117(2)
Copyright Infringement and Fair Use
119(2)
Moral Rights
121(11)
Conclusion
132(1)
Acknowledgment
132(3)
4.2 Protection of Street Art: Has VARA Finally Found Its Metier?
135(10)
William T. McGrath
The Nature of Street Art
135(1)
The Nature of Moral Rights
136(1)
Works Protected by VARA
137(1)
Rights Provided by VARA
137(1)
Is VARA Effective in Protecting Art and Artists?
138(1)
The Emergence of Urban Murals
139(1)
Urban Murals Legitimized in the 5Pointz Litigation
139(2)
The Impact of the 5Pointz Case
141(4)
4.3 Appropriation Art: Creating by Taking
145(6)
Daniel J. Brooks
Introduction
145(1)
Background on Fair Use Analysis
145(2)
The Concept of Transformativeness
147(1)
Problems with Transformativeness as Applied to Appropriation Art
147(1)
Restoring Meaning to All Four Fair Use Factors by Not Focusing Exclusively
On Transformativeness
148(1)
Conclusion
149(2)
4.4 Appropriation Art: Creating by Using
151(9)
John Koegel
4.5 Authorship and Authenticity: Banksy
160(3)
Alex Branczik
4.6 Landmark Case: Mass. Museum of Contemporary Art Found., Inc. p. Buchel, 593 F.3d 38 (1st Cir. 2010)
163(4)
Cariou v. Prince 714 F.3d 694 (2d Cir. 2013)
164(3)
Part V Music
167(66)
Introduction
167(3)
5.1 A Remix Compulsory Licensing Regime for Music Mashups
170(19)
Peter S. Menell
Introduction
170(1)
Music Mashup Culture
171(2)
Copyright General Framework
173(3)
Rap/Hip-Hop's Rocky Road to Constrained Copyright Legitimacy
176(1)
Bridging the Divide: The Case for a Remix Compulsory License
177(1)
The "Cover" License as a Model for Opening up the Remix Marketplace
178(1)
Designing a Remix Compulsory License
179(1)
Eligibility Requirements
179(1)
Revenue Sharing
180(1)
Administrative Process
180(1)
Additional Features and Limitations
181(1)
Possible Extensions
181(1)
Additional Benefits of a Remix Compulsory License
181(1)
Objections and Responses
182(1)
Fair Use
183(1)
Moral Rights
183(1)
Bridging Fair Use's Binary Divide
184(1)
Conclusion
185(1)
Acknowledgment
185(4)
5.2 Sampling: Using Recordings as Musical Instruments
189(6)
Cameron Mizell
5.3 Subconscious Copying: From George Harrison to Sam Smith, a Song Gets in Your Head and Winds Up in a New Song
195(6)
William Stafford
5.4 Why Music Should Not Be Free: The Battle for Survival
201(10)
Phil Galdston
David Wolfert
5.5 Music, Deposit Copies, and Unanswered Questions after Skidmore p. Led Zeppelin
211(12)
Bob Clarida
Introduction
211(5)
Registration Questions
216(3)
Ownership and Damages Questions
219(1)
Conclusion
220(1)
Acknowledgment
221(2)
5.6 Co-Authorship: A Little Help Can Lead to a Big Headache
223(7)
Jonathan Coulton
5.7 Landmark Case: Williams p. Gaye 895 F.3d 1106 (9th Cir. 2018)
230(3)
Part VI Video Games and Virtual Worlds
233(32)
Introduction
233(2)
6.1 Video Games and Virtual Worlds: Recreating the World and Fighting a Dragon in It
235(9)
Chrissie Scelsi
Challenges Depicting Reality: People
235(1)
History of Right of Publicity Cases in Games
236(1)
Tattoo Cases
237(1)
Emote Dance Cases
238(1)
Right of Publicity and Esports
239(1)
Challenges Depicting Reality: Buildings
240(1)
Challenges in Depicting Reality: Vehicles
241(1)
Conclusion
242(2)
6.2 Virtual Property and Virtual Currency
244(10)
Brandon J. Huffman
Introduction
244(1)
Property Rights
245(1)
Regulations
246(2)
Terms of Use/Terms of Service
248(3)
Compare: Tools
251(1)
Conclusion
252(2)
6.3 Press "X" To Open: Pandora's Loot Box
254(9)
Caroline Womack Carroll
Gambling Law in the US: A General Overview
255(1)
Loot Boxes: Are They Gambling?
256(2)
The Global Perspective
258(1)
Conclusion
259(4)
6.4 Landmark Case: Hart v. Elec. Arts, Inc. 717 F.3d 141 (3d Cir. 2013)
263(2)
Part VII Fashion
265(22)
7.1 Buyer Beware: Copyright Issues in the Fashion Industry
267(6)
Jeffrey A. Kobulnick
Michael A. Bernet
7.2 Hermes in Hermes: Searching for Boundaries in Non-Traditional Trademarks and Copyrights
273(7)
Olivera Medenica
Hermes and Hermes: Not So Simple
273(1)
The Twentieth-Century Fashion Industry in the US
274(1)
Today's Fashion Industry and Piracy
275(1)
Copyright Protection for Fashion Designs
275(2)
History of Legislative Attempts to Protect Fashion Designs
277(1)
An Alternative to Copyright: Trademark and Trade Dress
278(2)
7.3 Idea/Expression Dichotomy: If the Belt Buckle Fits, You Can Copy It
280(4)
Barbara Kolsun
7.4 Landmark Case: Star Athletica, LLC, v. Varsity Brands, Inc., 137 S.Ct. 1002 (2017)
284(3)
Part VIII Technology
287(52)
8.1 The DMCA Safe Harbor: User-Generated Content
289(4)
Joseph C. Gratz
The Takedown Notice
289(1)
The Counter-notification
290(1)
Repeat Infringers
290(1)
Misrepresentations
291(1)
Criticisms of the DMCA
291(1)
Conclusion
292(1)
8.2 The DMCA Safe Harbor: Policy and Practice Divided
293(5)
Christopher S. Reed
A Brief Primer on the DMCA Safe Harbor
293(1)
Notice and Takedown in Practice
294(1)
The Perpetual Takedown-Repost Cycle
294(1)
Internet Platforms' Responsiveness and Extra-Statutory Review Standards
295(1)
No Viable Recourse for Invalid Counter-Notices
295(1)
Fixing the System
296(1)
Parting Thoughts
296(2)
8.3 Copyright Trolls: When Copyright Litigation Becomes a Business Model
298(10)
Scott J. Sholder
Setting Boundaries
298(1)
"A Troll Is Bom"
299(1)
Statutory Damages and Too Many Mouths to Feed
300(1)
Representative Cases
301(2)
What Can Be Done?
303(1)
Conclusion
304(1)
Acknowledgment
305(3)
8.4 Virtual Reality: Blending the Real World with Copying
308(14)
Kenneth N. Swezey
Elizabeth Altman
Introduction
308(1)
What is AI Technology, and How Does It Work?
309(2)
Copyright Law's Authorship Requirement
311(6)
Conclusion: Copyright Law Is Built to Adapt to New Technologies
317(5)
8.5 Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Literary Works
322(13)
Mary E. Rasenberger
Introduction
322(1)
Artificial Intelligence Defined
322(1)
AI and Authorship
323(2)
Are Expressive Works Created by or with the Assistance of AI Copyrightable, and if so, Who Is the Author and/or Copyright Owner of Such Works?
325(3)
Who Is Responsible When an AI Machine Infringes?
328(2)
Is It Always Fair Use to Train AI Machines by Ingesting Large Volumes of Works?
330(5)
8.6 Landmark Cases: Perfect 10, Inc. v Amazon, Inc. 508 F.3d 1146 (9th Cir. 2007)
335(4)
Goldman v. Breitbart News Network, LLC 302 F. Supp. 3d 585 (S.D.N.Y. 2018)
336(3)
Part IX Future Copyright
339(14)
9.1 Future of Copyright
341(8)
Fair Use
341(1)
Section 512 Review
342(2)
Sharing Content
344(1)
CASE Act
344(2)
Termination
346(1)
AI and Machine-Assisted Creation
346(1)
The Music Modernization Act
346(1)
Modernization
347(2)
9.2 What's Next: Predictions from Interviewees and Authors
349(4)
Index 353
Michelle Bogre, Esq., is a Professor Emerita from Parsons School of Design in New York City, where she taught photography and copyright law for artists and designers. She is the author of three other books: Photography As Activism: Images for Social Change; Photography 4.0: A Teaching Guide for the 21st Century; and, her newest, Documentary Photography Reconsidered: Theory, History and Practice.

Nancy Wolff is a partner at the bi-coastal firm Cowan, DeBaets, Abrahams & Sheppard, LLP. She is co-chair of the firms litigation department, Past President of the Copyright Society of the USA (CSUSA), and member of the American Bar Association (ABA) IP Task Force on Copyright Reform. She is the author of Best Practices in Image Licensing, published in the Licensing Journal, and The Professional Photographers Legal Handbook.