"Regina Elsner is the first to present a study that elaborates on the theological foundations for the anti-modern positioning of the Russian Orthodox Church and uses it as a yardstick for assessing this attitude. The book provides an excellent overview of the intellectual historical currents that have played a role in Russian Orthodoxy and still play today, as well as of the basic characteristics of Orthodox theology. The book is highly recommended to those interested in a better understanding of the Russian Orthodox Church."-Dr. Dagmar Heller, Institute for Ecumenical Studies and Research, Bensheim, Germany With her choice of the unity vs. diversity discourse, Elsner has clearly identified a relevant meta-theme of the Russian theological tradition and spells out its significance throughout history and in current debates with competence and in an inspiring way. Elsners book forms a valuable contribution to a better understanding of the conflicts emerging from modernity and of some probably inappropriate solutions as well as the motives behind them. The book deserves wide reception.Dr. Alfons Brüning, Professor of Eastern Christianity, Universities of Nijmegen and Amsterdam