Preface |
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v | |
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vii | |
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1 | (6) |
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1 | (1) |
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Scope of Devices and the Medical Device Market |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Nonspecific Regulatory Considerations |
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4 | (1) |
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Organizations Regulating Drug and Device Safety in the United States |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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Regulatory Aspects and Strategy in Medical Device and Bio Materials Safety Evaluation |
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7 | (20) |
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7 | (4) |
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Toxicity Testing: Medical Devices |
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11 | (15) |
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26 | (1) |
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Road Map to Test Selections |
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27 | (22) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Materials, Components, and Products |
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27 | (1) |
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Chemical and Physical Property Considerations |
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27 | (3) |
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Specific Material Considerations |
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30 | (7) |
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Physical Properties of Polymers, Elastomers, and Silicones |
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37 | (1) |
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Biologically Derived Materials |
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38 | (1) |
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Factors Influencing Test Selection |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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Miscellaneous Reference Sources |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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Monitoring Published Literature and Other Research in Progress |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Qualifications Versus Proces Control |
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45 | (1) |
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Tiers of Concern: Consumers, Health Care Providers, and Manufacturing Employees |
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45 | (1) |
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Sterilization and cleanliness |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
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Materials in Medical Device Design |
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49 | (14) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (5) |
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Tissue Engineering Scaffolds |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (3) |
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What to Test: Sampling and Sample Preparation |
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63 | (6) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (6) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Silicone Microphysiometer |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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Correlation with in vivo Results |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (8) |
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75 | (1) |
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External Communicating Devices |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (4) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (16) |
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83 | (3) |
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Ocular Irritation Testing |
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86 | (3) |
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Other Nonparenteral Route Irritation Tests |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (2) |
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Intracutaneous Irritation |
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91 | (4) |
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Factors Affecting Irritation Responses and Test Outcome |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (34) |
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Overview of the Immune System |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (3) |
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Evaluation of the Immune System |
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107 | (1) |
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Immunopathologic Assessments |
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108 | (16) |
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Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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Problems and Future Directions |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (5) |
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Implantation Biology and Studies |
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133 | (10) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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ISO 10993 Implantation Test |
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134 | (2) |
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Test Method for Implantation in Subcutaneous Tissue |
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136 | (1) |
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Test Method for Implantation in Muscle |
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137 | (1) |
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Test Method for Implantation in Bone |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Long-Term Implant Studies |
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138 | (3) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Acute Systemic Toxicity Testing Device Safety Evaluation |
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143 | (8) |
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143 | (1) |
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Acute Systemic Toxicity Characterization |
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143 | (6) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (30) |
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151 | (7) |
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158 | (5) |
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163 | (8) |
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In Vitro cytogenetic Assays |
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171 | (3) |
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In vivo cytogenetic Assays |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (5) |
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Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity and Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity |
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181 | (16) |
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181 | (1) |
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Regulatory Considerations |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (2) |
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Study Interpretation and Reporting |
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186 | (1) |
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Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity |
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186 | (2) |
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Dose and Sample Preparation |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Implant Counts and Determination of Pregnancy |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (3) |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (6) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (3) |
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Interpretation of Results |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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Degradation Products and Impurities |
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203 | (20) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (3) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (4) |
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215 | (1) |
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Appendix A: Extractables Study |
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216 | (4) |
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220 | (3) |
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223 | (8) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (6) |
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229 | (2) |
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Clinical Studies for Medical Devices |
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231 | (12) |
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231 | (6) |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (12) |
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Cardiovascular Devices and Prostheses |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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Contact Lenses and Their Solution |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (5) |
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21-Day Eye Irritation Study in Rabbits |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Production of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) |
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251 | (1) |
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Potential Tampon Materials on pH and Growth of Vaginal Microflora |
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252 | (1) |
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Inflammatory Responses to Biomaterials |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (2) |
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Toxicokinetics in Biomaterial and Device Safety Evaluation |
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255 | (20) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (9) |
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265 | (7) |
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Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic (PBK) Modeling |
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272 | (1) |
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Biologically Derived Materials |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (2) |
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Case Histories and Problem Resolution |
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275 | (14) |
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Phthalate and Other Residuals Leaching from Devices |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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Talc on Gloves and Condoms |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (3) |
Appendix A: Selected Regulatory and Toxicological Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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289 | (2) |
Appendix B: Contract Testing Laboratories |
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291 | (2) |
Appendix C: Notable International Regulatory Internet Addresses |
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293 | (2) |
Appendix D: Non-U.S. Medical Device Regulators |
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295 | (2) |
Index |
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297 | |