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Searching for the 17th Century on Nevis: The Survey and Excavation of Two Early Plantation Sites [Minkštas viršelis]

(University of Liverpool), ,
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Searching for the 17th Century on Nevis: The Survey and Excavation of Two Early Plantation SitesDidesnis paveikslėlis
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Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781789698862.html
Raktažodžiai:
Searching for the 17th Century on Nevis is the first of a series of monographs dedicated to the archaeological investigation of the landscape, buildings and artefacts of the Eastern Caribbean by the Nevis Heritage Project. This volume presents the results of documentary research and excavation on two sugar plantation sites on the island of Nevis. Upper Rawlins, located high on Nevis mountain, was occupied in the late 17th and early 18th century and abandoned early. Fenton Hill was occupied from the mid-17th to the mid-19th century and originated with an earthfast timber building, probably a dwelling house, later converted to a kitchen and encapsulated in stone about 1700. The adjacent main house was probably destroyed in the French raid of 1706 and rebuilt in timber. The final occupation was by Portuguese Madeiran labourers, who were introduced to fill a labour force shortage in the 1840s.

Detailed reports on the finds assemblage include discussions of the handmade, bonfired Afro-Caribbean pottery made by enslaved African women, imported European ceramics and glass, clay tobacco pipes, metalwork and building materials. The dominance of imported goods from south-western England demonstrates the strong mercantile links between Nevis and Bristol, but local Nevis production of ceramics adds new insights into the estatebased ceramic production on European lines.

Searching for the 17th Century on Nevis' is the first of a series of monographs dedicated to the archaeological investigation of the landscape, buildings and artefacts of the Eastern Caribbean by the Nevis Heritage Project. This volume presents the results of documentary research and excavation on two sugar plantation sites on the island of Nevis.

'Searching for the 17th Century on Nevis' is the first of a series of monographs dedicated to the archaeological investigation of the landscape, buildings and artefacts of the Eastern Caribbean by the Nevis Heritage Project. This volume presents the results of documentary research and excavation on two sugar plantation sites on the island of Nevis.
List of Figures
v
List of Tables
vii
List of Contributors
viii
Acknowledgements ix
Dedication xi
1 Nevis: Settlement and Sugar
1(19)
The Historical Archaeology of 17th-century Nevis
1(1)
Topography, Geology and Soils of Nevis
1(2)
The English Settlement of Nevis
3(2)
The Economy of Nevis and St Kitts in the 17th Century
5(1)
The Move to Sugar Cultivation
5(1)
Demographic Change from the Late 17th Century
6(1)
Indentured Servants and Enslaved Africans
6(3)
The Division of the Island
9(1)
The Island Roads
10(1)
Impermanent Architecture and the Tobacco Economy
11(1)
The Sugar Industry
11(6)
Cisterns
17(1)
Urban Settlement
18(1)
The Research Projects
18(2)
2 Excavations at Fenton Hill, St George's Gingerland Parish, 2007 and 2009
20(111)
Introduction
20(1)
Early Settlement in St George's Gingerland
21(1)
Historical Evidence for the Plantation
21(1)
Documented History
21(2)
Ownership of the Estate
23(9)
Location of Combes's and Jory's Plantation
32(2)
The Subsequent Ownership of Jory's Plantation
34(1)
Archaeology of the Fenton Hill Site
35(1)
Excavation and Building Survey of Structure A
36(2)
The Archaeological Excavation
38(13)
Extension to the North of Structure A (Area III)
51(4)
Discussion of Area III
55(1)
Structure G: The Main House
55(2)
Trench VII
57(1)
Discussion
58(3)
Plan and Function of Structure A
61(3)
The Late 17th-century Main House
64(3)
Post-Emancipation Occupation
67(1)
Post-Emancipation Settlers
68(2)
Final Stages of Settlement
70(1)
Conclusions: Summary of Sequence
70(3)
The Finds
73(1)
Prehistoric Decorated Sherd
73(1)
Afro-Caribbean Pottery
74(11)
European and Oriental Ceramics
85(10)
Sugar Cone Moulds
95(2)
Clay Tobacco Pipes
97(7)
Glass Vessels and Flat Glass
104(4)
Dress Accessories and Personal Ornaments
108(2)
Furniture and Furnishings
110(1)
Personal equipment
110(1)
Kitchen or Table Equipment
111(1)
Arms and Armour
112(1)
Ironwork
112(2)
Structural Fittings
114(1)
Construction Materials
115(2)
Ceramic Building Materials
117(3)
Addendum: unstratified finds from the site
120(1)
Evidence of Subsistence: Faunal Remains
120(1)
Introduction
120(1)
Part 1 Bones
120(4)
Comparison with Other Sites
124(1)
Concluding Remarks
125(1)
Part 2 Invertebrate remains
125(6)
Introduction
131(1)
Documented history
131(1)
3 Excavations at Upper Rawlins, St George's Gingerland Parish, 2005 and 2006
131(51)
Survey of Upper Rawlins
133(1)
Survey of the Adjacent Hillsides
134(1)
Location and Topography
135(1)
The Excavations
135(1)
The Sugar Works: Boiling House and Curing House
135(4)
Boiling/Curing House Area
139(4)
Domestic Range: the House and Kitchen
143(3)
Test Pits
146(1)
Discussion of the Buildings
147(1)
Conclusion
148(1)
The Finds
148(1)
Afro-Caribbean Pottery
148(10)
European Ceramics
158(1)
Note on Westerwald Sherd from Context 59
159(1)
Discussion
160(1)
Sugar Cone Mould
161(2)
Clay Tobacco Pipes
163(6)
Glass
169(3)
Other Finds
172(1)
Personal Ornaments and Dress Fittings
173(1)
Household Fittings
174(1)
Sugar Processing Equipment
174(1)
Household Equipment
175(1)
Arms and Armour
176(1)
Ironwork
176(1)
Building Materials
177(1)
Ceramic Tiles
178(2)
Early 19th-century Re-occupation
180(1)
Evidence of Subsistence: Faunal Remains
180(1)
Invertebrates
180(1)
Vertebrates
181(1)
4 Plantation Society, Material Culture and Global Connections
182(21)
The Estate of Upper Rawlins
182(3)
Fenton Hill
185(2)
Plantation Layout
187(1)
Material Culture, Trade and Economy
188(3)
Material Culture and Identity
191(2)
Building Materials, Furnishings and Fixtures
193(2)
Provisions
195(1)
Trade Goods
196(1)
Nevis and the Home Ports
197(1)
Bristol
198(3)
London
201(1)
Liverpool
201(1)
Summing up
202(1)
5 References
203(15)
Maps
215(1)
Unpublished Archives References
216(1)
Abbreviations
217(1)
Index 218
Appendices
Appendix 1 Documents Illustrative of 17th-century Nevis 4(39)
Appendix Table 2.1 Fenton Hill: Context index and stratigraphic relationships 43(8)
Appendix Table 2.2 Fenton Hill: Afro-Caribbean pottery - quantification of form types by context (weight in grams) 51(2)
Appendix Table 2.3 Fenton Hill: Afro-Caribbean pottery sampled for INAA 53(1)
Appendix Table 2.4 Fenton Hill: Afro-Caribbean pottery by form type and wall thickness 54(1)
Appendix Table 2.5 Fenton Hill: Afro-Caribbean pottery by sherd size 55(1)
Appendix Table 2.6 Fenton Hill: Clay tobacco pipes - types by context 56(5)
Appendix Table 2.7 Fenton Hill (FH09 only): Nail lengths - frequency by context 61(1)
Appendix Table 2.8 Fenton Hill: condition of faunal remains 62(2)
Appendix Table 2.9 Comparison of faunal remains from Fenton Hill with other excavated Nevis sites 64(4)
Appendix Table 2.10 Comparison of Cow, Sheep/Goat and Pig remains from Fenton Hill with other excavated Nevis sites 68(1)
Appendix Table 2.11 Fenton Hill: Frequency of molluscs by context and phase 69(14)
Appendix Table 3.1 Upper Rawlins: Context listing 83(5)
Appendix Table 3.2 Upper Rawlins: Afro-Caribbean pottery by method of recovery (weight in grams) 88(1)
Appendix Table 3.3 Upper Rawlins: Afro-Caribbean pottery: quantification of form types by context (weight in grams) 89(1)
Appendix Table 3.4 Upper Rawlins: Afro-Caribbean pottery sampled for INAA 90(1)
Appendix Table 3.5 Upper Rawlins: European ceramics catalogue 91(5)
Appendix Table 3.6 Upper Rawlins: Clay tobacco pipe catalogue 96(6)
Appendix Table 3.7 Upper Rawlins: Faunal remains - frequency of species by context 102(1)
Appendix Table 3.8 Upper Rawlins: Molluscs - frequency of species by context 103
Dr Robert Philpott MCIfA FSA is a researcher at the University of Liverpool, with interests in post-medieval archaeology of colonial settlement in the Caribbean, material culture and the Roman and later archaeology of North West England. ;





Professor Roger Leech MCIfA FSA, formerly Head of Archaeology for the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England, now Visiting Professor in the Department of Archaeology at the University of Southampton, has published widely on urban archaeology and architecture, and the historical archaeology of the Caribbean. ;





Dr Elaine L. Morris MCIfA FSA is Visiting Fellow at the University of Southampton (UK) with interests in prehistoric and colonial archaeology in the Caribbean and prehistoric ceramics in Britain.