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El. knyga: Sedimentary Basins of the United States and Canada

Edited by (Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada)
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In recent years there have been rapid strides in our understanding of plate-tectonic processes, many developments in methods of basin analysis, and the accumulation of much new surface and subsurface geological and geophysical data. Projects such as COCORP (in the United States) and Lithoprobe (in Canada) have provided essential insights into the deep crustal structure of the continent. Synthesis of all the available information about North America's geological regions has not been attempted systematically since the “Decade of North American Geology” project undertaken by the Geological Society of America and the Geological Survey of Canada nearly twenty years ago. The book commences with a summary of the Phanerozoic geological history of the United States and Canada, illustrated with a suite of new paleogeographic maps, and tying in each of the subsequent regional chapters by the inclusion of numerous cross-references. This followed by a set of fifteen regional syntheses of the principal tectonic regions of the United States and Canada, focusing on the stratigraphic and tectonic history of the major sedimentary basins. Most of these chapters have been contributed by specialists, drawing on their own research, and providing interpretive summaries of a type not previously attempted.

* up to date synthesis of the sedimentary/tectonic history of the major areas of the United States and Canada.
* up to date references
* many new coloured maps
Contributors ix
Introduction and Acknowledgments xi
The Phanerozoic Tectonic and Sedimentary Evolution of North America
1(30)
Andrew D. Miall
Ronald C. Blakey
Introduction
1(1)
The Major Phases of Tectonic Development
2(4)
Phase One: The Construction of Pangea
6(10)
Phase Two: Development of the Southern Mid-Continent and Ancestral Rockies
16(1)
Phase Three: Breakup of Pangea and Formation of the Cordilleran Orogen
17(9)
Late Cenozoic Modifications
26(1)
Acknowledgments
27(1)
References
27(4)
Phanerozoic Evolution of the Sedimentary Cover of the North American Craton
31(34)
Peter M. Burgess
Introduction
32(1)
Definition of a Craton
32(1)
Tectonic Elements of the North American Craton
32(4)
Controls on Evolution of the Cratonic Cover
36(7)
Phanerozoic Evolution of the Cratonic Platform Cover
43(8)
The North American Intracratonic Basins
51(10)
Summary
61(1)
Acknowledgments
61(1)
References
61(4)
Appalachian Foreland Basin of Canada
65(40)
Denis Lavoie
Introduction
66(1)
Regional Geological Setting
66(1)
Tectonostratigraphic Domains of the Appalachians
67(1)
The Taconian-Deformed Basins --- The Number Zone
67(15)
The Post-Taconian to Acadian Basins
82(11)
The Sea Level record in the Lower to Middle Paleozoic Appalachians in Eastern Canada: Eustasy vs. Tectonism
93(1)
Hydrocarbon Potential of the Appalachian Basins
94(1)
References
95(10)
The Appalachian Foreland Basin in Eastern United States
105(76)
Frank R. Ettensohn
Introduction
106(1)
Appalachian Basin Elements and Limits
107(2)
Influence of Precambrian Events and Basement
109(3)
Paleogeographic/Paleoclimatic Framework
112(2)
Eustatic Framework
114(1)
Flexural Modeling of Foreland-Basin Sedimentation
114(10)
Generating the Appalachian Margin: Late Precambrian-Early Cambrian Rifting and Rift Fill (~765-~535 Ma)
124(2)
The Appalachian Passive Margin
126(3)
Two Orogenic Cycles and the Origin of the Appalachian Foreland Basin
129(26)
Alleghanian Mountains, Post-Orogenic Collapse and Extension
155(1)
Economic Resources and Potential
156(3)
Discussion and Summary
159(3)
Acknowledgments
162(1)
References
162(19)
The Paleozoic Western Craton Margin
181(30)
Andrew D. Miall
Introduction
182(1)
Historical Background
182(3)
The Rifted Margin of Laurentia
185(5)
The Sauk Sequence and the Cambrian-Ordovician Shelf-to-Basin Transition
190(5)
Middle Ordovician-Early Devonian (Tippecanoe Sequence)
195(3)
Grand Cycles
198(1)
Lower to Upper Devonian (Kaskaskia-I Sequence)
199(3)
Mississippian Arc Collisions and Termination of Parts of the ``Passive'' Laurentian Margin (Kaskaskia-II Sequence)
202(3)
Pennsylvanian-Permian (Absaroka-I and II Sequences)
205(1)
Triassic-Jurassic: Termination of the ``Passive'' Continental Margin
205(1)
Conclusions
206(1)
Acknowledgments
207(1)
References
207(4)
The Maritimes Basin of Atlantic Canada: Basin Creation and Destruction in the Collisional Zone of Pangea
211(34)
Martin R. Gibling
N. Culshaw
M.C. Rygel
V. Pascucci
Introduction
212(1)
Importance for History of Geology and Sedimentary Research
213(1)
Basement Rocks and Basinal Overview
214(4)
Mid- to Late Devonian: End of the Acadian Orogeny and Development of Local Extensional Basins
218(2)
Late Devonian-Mississippian: A Regional Suite of Extensional Basins
220(2)
Mississippian: Tectonism and Local Basin Filling
222(1)
Mississippian: Global Transgression and Thermal Subsidence
222(3)
Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Unconformity: Onset of a Major Phase of Gondwanan Glaciation
225(1)
Mid-Carboniferous: Extensional Basins and First Phase of Coal Measures
225(3)
Pennsylvanian-Permian: Thermally Subsiding Basins and Second Phase of Coal Measures
228(4)
Pennsylvanian to Permian Sedimentation and Tectonic Events: Late Stages of Pangean Assembly
232(1)
Permian to Mesozoic: End of Maritimes Basin Deposition, and the Breakup of Pangea
233(1)
Synopsis of Maritimes Basin History
233(2)
A Modern Analogue: Turkey and Eastern Mediterranean
235(2)
Acknowledgments
237(1)
References
237(8)
Pennsylvanian-Jurassic Sedimentary Basins of the Colorado Plateau and Southern Rocky Mountains
245(52)
Ronald C. Blakey
Introduction
246(3)
Precambrian Basement and its Possible Control on Phanerozoic Deposition
249(1)
Phanerozoic Tectonics and Depositional History
249(3)
Pennsylvanian-Middle Jurassic Sequence Stratigraphy
252(31)
Tectonic Origins of Pennsylvanian-Permian basins
283(4)
Tectonic Setting of Triassic Basins
287(2)
Tectonic Setting of Jurassic Basins
289(1)
Summary: Tectonic Evolution and Controls on Deposition
289(3)
Acknowledgments
292(1)
References
292(5)
The Southern Midcontinent, Permian Basin, and Ouachitas
297(32)
Andrew D. Miall
Introduction
298(1)
Early to Middle Paleozoic Structural and Stratigraphic Setting
299(3)
Cyclothems
302(4)
Cyclic Sedimentation at the Shelf Margin
306(2)
Ouachita Deformation and Sedimentation
308(6)
The Permian Basin and the Capitan Reef
314(6)
Evaporite Sedimentation in the Delaware and Midland Basins
320(3)
Oil and Gas Production
323(1)
Summary
324(1)
Acknowledgments
325(1)
References
325(4)
The Western Interior Basin
329(34)
Andrew D. Miall
Octavian Catuneanu
Boyan K. Vakarelov
Ryan Post
Introduction
330(5)
Geodynamic Framework
335(4)
Paleogeographic Evolution
339(10)
Allogenic Mechanisms of Sequence Development
349(8)
Economic Resources
357(1)
Conclusions
357(1)
Acknowledgments
358(1)
References
358(5)
Cordilleran Sedimentary Basins of Western Canada Record 180 Million Years of Terrane Accretion
363(32)
Brian D. Ricketts
Introduction
364(1)
The Cordilleran Morphogeological Belts
365(1)
Terranes, Terrane Accretion and Associated Basins of the Canadian Cordillera
365(10)
Sedimentary Basins Associated with Intermontane Superterrane
375(7)
Basins Located along the Inboard Margin of Insular Superterrane
382(4)
Basins Located along the Outboard Margin of Insular Superterrane
386(1)
Cenozoic Basins-Harbingers of the Modern Plate Boundary
387(3)
Discussion
390(1)
Acknowledgments
390(1)
References
390(5)
Subduction-Related Sedimentary Basins of the USA Cordillera
395(34)
Raymond V. Ingersoll
Introduction
395(3)
Devonian-Mississippian Antler Orogeny
398(9)
Havallah Basin
407(1)
Permo-Triassic Sonoma Orogeny
408(1)
Post-Sonoma Successor Basin and Forearcs
409(2)
Late Jurassic Nevadan Orogeny
411(3)
Post-Nevadan Forearc Basins
414(4)
Phanerozoic History
418(1)
Conclusions
419(1)
Acknowledgments
419(1)
References
419(10)
Laramide Sedimentary Basins
429(22)
Timothy F. Lawton
Introduction
429(1)
Laramide Orogeny
430(1)
Basin Distribution and Classification
430(2)
Timing of Laramide Deformation
432(3)
Basin Structure
435(2)
Depositional Systems
437(6)
Tectonics of the Laramide Orogeny
443(3)
Acknowledgments
446(1)
References
446(5)
Sverdrup Basin
451(22)
Ashton Embry
Benoit Beauchamp
Introduction
452(1)
Geological Setting
453(2)
Depositional and Tectonic History
455(12)
Tectonic Episodes
467(1)
Economic Geology
467(2)
Summary
469(1)
References
470(3)
The Atlantic Margin Basins of North America
473(32)
Andrew D. Miall
Hugh R. Balkwill
Jock McCracken
Introduction
474(4)
The Sedimentary Basins
478(21)
Petroleum Resources
499(1)
Discussion
500(1)
Acknowledgments
501(1)
References
501(4)
Depositional Evolution of the Gulf of Mexico Sedimentary Basin
505(46)
William E. Galloway
Introduction
506(1)
Crustal Structure and Basin Origin
507(2)
Structural Framework
509(5)
Depositional Framework
514(2)
Depositional History and Paleogeography
516(22)
Patterns and Generalizations in Gulf Depositional History
538(5)
Energy Resources
543(1)
Acknowledgments
544(1)
References
544(7)
Geology of the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin, Canada
551(22)
Jim Dixon
J.R. Dietrich
L.S. Lane
D.H. McNeil
Introduction
552(2)
Regional Geologic Setting
554(2)
Stratigraphy and Sedimentology
556(8)
Structure and Tectonics
564(3)
Economic Geology
567(2)
Summary
569(1)
Acknowledgments
570(1)
References
570(3)
Postscript: What have We Learned and Where Do We Go from Here?
573(20)
Andrew D. Miall
Basin Analysis in North America
573(8)
North American Geology
581(3)
Remaining Problems
584(1)
Acknowledgments
585(1)
References
585(8)
Index 593
Andrew Miall has been Professor of Geology at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, since 1979, where his focus is on teaching and research of the stratigraphy and sedimentology of sedimentary basins. He is the inaugural holder of the Gordon Stollery Chair in Basin Analysis and Petroleum Geology, which was founded in 2001. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1995. Andrew Miall was Vice President of the Academy of Science of the Royal Society of Canada from 2005 to 2007 and President of the Academy from 2007-2009. From 2000-2004 Andrew Miall served as Canadas representative to the NATO Science and the Environment Programs Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society.” In 2010-2011 he served on expert panels for the Government of Canada and the Alberta Government to examine the environmental management of the Alberta Oil Sands. Prof. Miall has been the author of five research-level technical books and the editor of five special research collections. He is the co-author, with N. Eyles, of Canada Rocks”, an account of the geological history of Canada written for a general audience. This lavishly illustrated book is now in its second edition.