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El. knyga: Semantic and Pragmatic Model of Lexical and Grammatical Aspect [Taylor & Francis e-book]

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Semantic and Pragmatic Model of Lexical and Grammatical AspectDidesnis paveikslėlis
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First Published in 1997. This work studies two related phenomena in human language: the ability of verbs and other lexical items to describe how a situation (event or state) develops or holds in time (LEXICAL ASPECT) and the view some verbal auxiliaries and affixes present of the development or result of a situation at a given time (GRAMMATICAL ASPECT). Through this investigation the author seeks to reveal a formal situation structure represented by aspectual phenomena, a structure to which other linguistic elements make reference, particularly tense. This structure describes the semantics of aspect and provides a principled input to pragmatic aspectual interpretation.
Acknowledgments xi(2)
Abbreviations and conventions xiii
Chapter
1. INTRODUCTION
3(22)
0.0 Overview
3(1)
1.0 The phenomena
4(7)
1.1 Grammatical aspect and tense
5(3)
1.2 Lexical and grammatical aspect
8(3)
2.0 Background assumptions
11(14)
2.1 Aspectual oppositions are universal
11(3)
2.2 Aspectual interpretation is compositional
14(3)
2.3 Aspectual semantics and pragmatics are distinguishable: Privative features
17(8)
Chapter
2. LEXICAL ASPECT
25(34)
0.0 Introduction
25(2)
1.0 Lexical aspect classes: Equipollent vs. privative features
27(4)
2.0 Aspectual features
31(14)
2.1 Telicity as a privative opposition
31(4)
2.2 Dynamicity as a privative opposition
35(6)
2.3 Durativity as a privative opposition
41(4)
3.0 Other verb classes
45(6)
3.1 Semelfactives: [ +dynamic]
46(2)
3.2 Stage-level states: [ +telic, +durative]
48(2)
3.3 Unattested classes: [ +telic], [ XXX]
50(1)
4.0 The temporal structure of the features: Event Time
51(2)
5.0 Conclusion
53(6)
Chapter
3. GRAMMATICAL ASPECT
59(58)
0.0 Introduction
59(1)
1.0 Grammatical aspect: Overview
60(5)
2.0 Imperfective aspect: ETXXXRT@nucleus
65(17)
2.1 Nucleus features in the imperfective
66(11)
2.1.1 [ +dynamic]
66(6)
2.1.2 [ +durative]
72(5)
2.2 Coda feature in the imperfective: [ +telic]
77(5)
3.0 Perfective aspect: ETXXXRT@coda
82(15)
3.1 Coda feature in the perfective: [ +telic]
83(7)
3.2 Nucleus features in the perfective
90(7)
3.2.1 [ +dynamic]
91(3)
3.2.2 [ +durative]
94(3)
4.0 Imperfective and perfective aspect: Independent privative oppositions
97(8)
4.1 Languages with [ +imperfective] aspect only
99(1)
4.2 Languages with [ +perfective] aspect only
100(2)
4.3 Languages with both [ +imperfective] and [ +perfective] aspect
102(2)
4.4 Languages with [ +imperfective] and [ +perfective] on a single predicate
104(1)
5.0 Other aspectual interpretations: Habitual, iterative, and ingressive
105(4)
6.0 Conclusion
109(8)
Chapter
4. TENSE
117(36)
0.0 Introduction
117(2)
1.0 The semantics and pragmatics of tense: Absolute and relative "tense"
119(11)
1.1 The relation between RT and C is semantic
121(5)
1.2 C is pragmatically determined
126(4)
2.0 More tense pragmatics
130(3)
2.1 Tense as two privative oppositions
130(1)
2.2 The RT need not include the entire ET
131(2)
3.0 Tense and grammatical aspect
133(15)
3.1 Reichenbach
134(2)
3.2 "Extended" tenses: Tense and [ +imperfective] aspect
136(4)
3.3 "Perfect" tenses: Tense and [ +perfective] aspect
140(7)
3.4 "Extended perfect" tenses: Tense and [ +imperfective, +perfective] aspect
147(1)
4.0 Conclusion
148(5)
Chapter
5. ENGLISH TENSE AND ASPECT
153(46)
0.0 Introduction
153(1)
1.0 Lexical aspect
154(5)
1.1 States: [ +durative]
155(2)
1.2 Activities: [ +dynamic, +durative]
157(1)
1.3 Accomplishments: [ +dynamic, +durative, +telic]
157(1)
1.4 Achievements: [ +dynamic, +telic]
158(1)
1.5 Semelfactives: [ +dynamic]
158(1)
1.6 Stage-level states: [ +durative, +telic]
159(1)
2.0 Tense
159(4)
3.0 Imperfective aspect
163(9)
3.1 The progressive
163(3)
3.2 Interaction with lexical aspect
166(6)
3.2.1 Dynamicity
166(3)
3.2.2 Durativity
169(2)
3.2.3 Telicity
171(1)
4.0 Perfective aspect
172(10)
4.1 The perfect: Temporal interpretations
172(4)
4.2 Interaction with lexical aspect
176(4)
4.2.1 Telicity
176(2)
4.2.2 Dynamicity
178(2)
4.2.3 Durativity
180(1)
4.3 Interaction with tense: RT need not include ET
180(2)
5.0 Aspectually unmarked forms
182(9)
5.1 Simple past
183(4)
5.2 Simple present
187(2)
5.3 Simple future
189(2)
6.0 Imperfective perfective aspect
191(4)
7.0 Conclusion
195(4)
Chapter
6. KOINE GREEK TENSE AND ASPECT
199(72)
0.0 Introduction
199(3)
1.0 Lexical aspect
202(15)
1.1 Telicity as a privative opposition
206(3)
1.2 Dynamicity as a privative opposition
209(3)
1.3 Durativity as a privative opposition
212(5)
2.0 Overview of Koine Greek verb forms
217(2)
3.0 Tense
219(21)
3.1 Present and aorist forms are not tenses
220(7)
3.1.1 Past-reference
221(3)
3.1.2 Present-reference
224(1)
3.1.3 Future-reference
225(2)
3.2 Imperfect, perfect, pluperfect, and future forms are tenses
227(9)
3.2.1 The imperfect and pluperfect are past tenses
227(5)
3.2.2 The perfect is a present tense
232(2)
3.2.3 The future is a future tense
234(2)
3.3 Omnitemporal and timeless interpretations
236(4)
4.0 Grammatical aspect
240(20)
4.1 Feature models of Greek grammatical aspect
241(4)
4.2 Imperfective aspect: Present and imperfect forms
245(5)
4.3 Perfective aspect: Aorist, perfect, and pluperfect forms
250(10)
5.0 Aspectually unmarked form: Simple future
260(3)
6.0 Conclusion
263(8)
Chapter
7. CONCLUSION
271(6)
1.0 Summary of the chapters
271(1)
2.0 Implications, applications, and future research
272(5)
Appendix 1: Summary of tense and grammatical aspect 277(10)
Appendix 2: Koine Greek lexical aspect classification 287(12)
Bibliography 299(14)
Index 313
Author 313(4)
Language 317(1)
Scripture Reference 318(4)
Subject 322


Mari B. Olsen
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