Preface to the 7th Edition |
|
v | |
|
|
xi | |
|
|
xxvii | |
|
Table of International Instruments |
|
|
xiv | |
|
1 An Introduction to English Sentencing |
|
|
1 | (33) |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
1.2 The Available Sentences |
|
|
3 | (4) |
|
1.3 The General Statistical Background |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
|
9 | (5) |
|
1.5 The Principal Sources of Sentencing Law |
|
|
14 | (19) |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
2 Sentencing, the Sentencing Council and the Constitution |
|
|
34 | (23) |
|
2.1 The Separation of Powers in Sentencing |
|
|
34 | (5) |
|
2.2 The Constitutional Position of the Sentencing Council |
|
|
39 | (5) |
|
2.3 The Judiciary, the Executive and Sentencing Policy |
|
|
44 | (4) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
2.5 The Position of the Magistracy |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
2.7 The European Convention on Human Rights |
|
|
51 | (5) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
3 Sentencing Aims, Principles and Policies |
|
|
57 | (40) |
|
3.1 The Aims of the Criminal Justice System |
|
|
57 | (4) |
|
3.2 The Role of the State |
|
|
61 | (4) |
|
3.3 The Rationales of Sentencing |
|
|
65 | (19) |
|
3.4 Some Principles and Policies |
|
|
84 | (6) |
|
3.5 Sentencing Rationales in Practice: Deterrence |
|
|
90 | (4) |
|
3.6 The Role of Public Opinion |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
4 Proportionality and Seriousness |
|
|
97 | (47) |
|
4.1 The Proportionality Principle |
|
|
97 | (2) |
|
4.2 Opinions about Offence-seriousness |
|
|
99 | (2) |
|
4.3 Developing Parameters of Ordinal Proportionality |
|
|
101 | (6) |
|
4.4 Offence-seriousness in Practice |
|
|
107 | (30) |
|
4.5 Individual Culpability |
|
|
137 | (3) |
|
4.6 Proportionality and Offence-seriousness |
|
|
140 | (4) |
|
5 Aggravation and Mitigation |
|
|
144 | (42) |
|
5.1 Some Preliminary Problems of Principle |
|
|
144 | (2) |
|
5.2 Aggravation as Increased Seriousness |
|
|
146 | (11) |
|
5.3 Mitigation as Diminished Seriousness |
|
|
157 | (3) |
|
|
160 | (10) |
|
5.5 Assisting the Criminal Justice System |
|
|
170 | (9) |
|
5.6 Mitigation and Aggravation in Practice |
|
|
179 | (4) |
|
|
183 | (3) |
|
6 Equality Before the Law |
|
|
186 | (21) |
|
6.1 The Principle and its Challengers |
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
|
188 | (4) |
|
|
192 | (4) |
|
|
196 | (2) |
|
6.5 Financial Circumstances |
|
|
198 | (3) |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
6.7 Equality, Parsimony and Risk |
|
|
202 | (5) |
|
|
207 | (38) |
|
7.1 The State of the Prisons |
|
|
207 | (5) |
|
7.2 The Use of Imprisonment |
|
|
212 | (3) |
|
7.3 Principles for the Use of Custodial Sentences |
|
|
215 | (7) |
|
7.4 On the Cusp of Custody |
|
|
222 | (12) |
|
7.5 Medium-to-Long Custodial Sentences: Release on Licence |
|
|
234 | (4) |
|
7.6 Long Custodial Sentences |
|
|
238 | (3) |
|
|
241 | (4) |
|
8 Non-custodial Sentencing |
|
|
245 | (36) |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
8.2 The Absolute Discharge |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
8.3 Conditional Discharges and Bind-overs |
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
|
249 | (4) |
|
|
253 | (10) |
|
8.6 The Community Sentence |
|
|
263 | (14) |
|
8.7 Deferment of Sentence |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
277 | (4) |
|
9 Persistence, Prevention and Dangerousness |
|
|
281 | (45) |
|
9.1 Historical Introduction |
|
|
281 | (2) |
|
9.2 Four Approaches to Punishing Persistence |
|
|
283 | (9) |
|
9.3 Previous Convictions and the Current Law |
|
|
292 | (11) |
|
9.4 The Problem of `Professional' Criminals |
|
|
303 | (2) |
|
9.5 Persistent Petty Offenders |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
306 | (2) |
|
|
308 | (6) |
|
9.8 Sentencing `Dangerous Offenders' |
|
|
314 | (11) |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
10 Multiple Offenders and Totality |
|
|
326 | (21) |
|
10.1 Charging the Multiple Offender |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
10.2 The Problems of Sentencing Multiple Offenders |
|
|
329 | (3) |
|
10.3 Guidelines on Sentencing Multiple Offenders |
|
|
332 | (8) |
|
10.4 Totality: Time for a Fresh Start? |
|
|
340 | (7) |
|
11 Behaviour Orders and Ancillary Orders |
|
|
347 | (28) |
|
11.1 Outlining the Current Law |
|
|
347 | (4) |
|
11.2 Prevention, Punishment and the ASBO |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
11.3 Behaviour Orders on Conviction |
|
|
352 | (7) |
|
11.4 Behaviour Orders on Application |
|
|
359 | (5) |
|
|
364 | (3) |
|
11.6 Revisiting the Nature of the Orders |
|
|
367 | (4) |
|
11.7 Sentencing for Breach of a Behaviour Order |
|
|
371 | (4) |
|
12 Special Sentencing Powers |
|
|
375 | (26) |
|
|
375 | (12) |
|
12.2 Young Adult Offenders |
|
|
387 | (4) |
|
12.3 Mentally Disordered Offenders |
|
|
391 | (10) |
|
13 Procedural Issues at Sentencing |
|
|
401 | (22) |
|
13.1 The Factual Basis for Sentencing |
|
|
401 | (6) |
|
13.2 The Defendant's Record |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
13.3 The Role of the Prosecution |
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
13.4 Pre-sentence Reports |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
13.5 Defence Speech in Mitigation |
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
13.6 The Obligation to Give Reasons for Sentence |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
13.7 The Role of the Victim |
|
|
415 | (8) |
|
14 Sentencing, Guidelines and the Punitive State |
|
|
423 | (17) |
|
14.1 The Responsibility of Sentencing |
|
|
423 | (3) |
|
14.2 Rule-of-law Values, Discretion and Guidelines |
|
|
426 | (7) |
|
14.3 Guidelines and Penal Moderation |
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
14.4 Risk, Prevention and Public Protection |
|
|
435 | (2) |
|
14.5 Stepping Back from the Punitive State |
|
|
437 | (3) |
Appendices |
|
440 | (19) |
References |
|
459 | (20) |
Index |
|
479 | |