Foreword |
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vii | |
Acknowledgements |
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x | |
Abbreviations and acronyms |
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xii | |
Explanatory note |
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xiv | |
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PART I Paying farmers for environmental services |
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Introduction and overview |
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3 | (9) |
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Ecosystem services and agriculture |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (3) |
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Payments for environmental services |
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7 | (1) |
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Current experience with payments for environmental services |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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Main messages from the report |
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9 | (3) |
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Environmental services and agriculture |
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12 | (21) |
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How can agricultural producers generate environmental services? |
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13 | (1) |
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Agriculture and climate change mitigation |
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14 | (4) |
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Water quantity and quality |
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18 | (5) |
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Biodiversity conservation |
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23 | (5) |
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Importance of scale, location and coordination in supplying environmental services |
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28 | (1) |
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Technical versus economic potential to supply environmental services |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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Demand for environmental services |
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33 | (17) |
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Value and beneficiaries of environmental services |
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33 | (3) |
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Who are the potential buyers? |
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36 | (4) |
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Demand for three main environmental services |
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40 | (5) |
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Farmers and landholders as buyers of services |
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45 | (1) |
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Future developments affecting potential growth of PES programmes in developing countries |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (2) |
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Supplying environmental services; farmers' decisions and policy options |
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50 | (23) |
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The role of individual farmers' decisions |
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50 | (1) |
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Constraints against the provision of environmental services |
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51 | (2) |
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Policy options to shape farmers' incentives |
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53 | (7) |
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60 | (2) |
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Supply response to payments for environmental services |
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62 | (9) |
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71 | (2) |
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Designing effective payments for environmental services |
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73 | (24) |
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What should payments be made for? |
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74 | (6) |
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80 | (4) |
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84 | (3) |
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How should payments be made? |
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87 | (3) |
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Reducing transaction costs |
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90 | (2) |
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Establishing an enabling environment |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (14) |
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The poor as suppliers of environmental services |
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98 | (9) |
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Indirect impacts of PES programmes on the poor |
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107 | (1) |
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Payments for environmental services and poverty reduction: where are the synergies? |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (90) |
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114 | (6) |
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Part II World and regional review: a longer-term perspective |
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120 | (4) |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (4) |
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130 | (4) |
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Opportunities and challenges in the future |
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134 | (5) |
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Part III Statistical annex |
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Table A1 Total and agricultural population |
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139 | (5) |
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144 | (5) |
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Table A3 Water use and irrigated land |
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149 | (5) |
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Table A4 Production of cereals and meat |
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154 | (5) |
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Table A5 Production of fish and forest products |
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159 | (5) |
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Table A6 Value of agricultural exports and share in total exports |
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164 | (5) |
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Table A7 Value of agricultural imports and share in total imports |
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169 | (5) |
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Table A8 Share of processed food products in total food trade |
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174 | (5) |
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Table A9 Per capita GDP and per capita agricultural GDP of the agricultural population |
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179 | (5) |
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Table A10 Dietary energy, protein and fat consumption |
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184 | (5) |
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Table A11 Number of undernourished and proportion in total population |
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189 | (5) |
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Table A12 Life expectancy and child mortality |
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194 | (7) |
Glossary of terms |
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201 | (2) |
References |
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203 | (12) |
Special chapters of The State of Food and Agriculture |
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215 | (2) |
Selected publications of the FAO Agricultural Development Economics Division |
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217 | |