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El. knyga: Short Course in General Relativity and Cosmology

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Unlike most traditional introductory textbooks on relativity and cosmology that answer questions like “Does accelerated expansion pull our bodies apart?”, “Does the presence of dark matter affect the classical tests of general relativity?” in a qualitative manner, the present text is intended as a foundation, enabling students to read and understand the textbooks and many of the scientific papers on the subject. And, above all, the readers are taught and encouraged to do their own calculations, check the numbers and answer the above and other questions regarding the most exciting discoveries and theoretical developments in general relativistic cosmology, which have occurred since the early 1980s. In comparison to these intellectual benefits the text is short. In fact, its brevity without neglect of scope or mathematical accessibility of key points is rather unique. The authors connect the necessary mathematical concepts and their reward, i.e. the understanding of an important piece of modern physics, along the shortest path.

The unavoidable mathematical concepts and tools are presented in as straightforward manner as possible. Even though the mathematics is not very difficult, it certainly is beneficial to know some statistical thermodynamics as well as some quantum mechanics. Thus the text is suitable for the upper undergraduate curriculum.

Recenzijos

The book itself is well produced. Ive often felt the need myself for a book between, on the one hand, popular and introductory-level presentations and, on the other, more advanced textbooks and technical monographs, especially one which covers topics I am less familiar with; I think that this book would serve such a need for others as well. (Phillip Helbig, The Observatory, Vol. 141 (1282), June, 2021)

1 Overview
1(8)
2 Review of Concepts and Some Extensions Thereof
9(26)
2.1 Special Relativity
9(11)
2.2 Newtonian Gravity
20(5)
2.3 Generalised Equations of Motion
25(8)
2.3.1 Generalised Equations of Motion via Equivalence Principle
25(1)
2.3.2 Generalised Equations of Motion via Least Action Principle
26(7)
2.4 Problems
33(2)
3 Introduction to Multidimensional Calculus
35(18)
3.1 Coordinate Transformation
35(1)
3.2 Tensors
36(6)
3.2.1 Transformation of Tensors
36(2)
3.2.2 The Metric Tensor
38(2)
3.2.3 Raising and Lowering Indices
40(2)
3.3 Co variant Derivative
42(6)
3.3.1 Covariant Derivative Along a Curve
46(2)
3.4 Symmetries of Curved Spacetime
48(2)
3.5 Problems
50(3)
4 Field Equations of General Relativity
53(24)
4.1 Curvature
53(7)
4.1.1 Parallel Transport
53(4)
4.1.2 The Riemann Tensor
57(3)
4.2 Energy-Momentum Tensor
60(3)
4.3 Einstein's Field Equations
63(2)
4.4 Weak Gravitational Fields---The Linear Limit
65(9)
4.5 Problems
74(3)
5 Classical Tests of General Relativity
77(22)
5.1 Schwarzschild Solution
77(2)
5.2 Geodesies in the Schwarzschild Metric
79(2)
5.3 Perihelion Precession
81(2)
5.4 Deflection of Light
83(2)
5.5 Gravitational Waves
85(10)
5.6 Problems
95(4)
6 Black Holes
99(24)
6.1 A Closer Look at the Schwarzschild Solution
99(2)
6.2 The Schwarzschild Black Hole in Various Coordinates
101(15)
6.2.1 Rindler Space
101(4)
6.2.2 Near Horizon Coordinates
105(2)
6.2.3 Eddington--Finkelstein Coordinates
107(2)
6.2.4 Kruskal--Szekeres Coordinates
109(7)
6.3 Formation of a Black Hole
116(5)
6.4 Problems
121(2)
7 Basics of Modern Cosmology: Overview
123(14)
7.1 History of the Universe
123(8)
7.2 Expanding Space and the Hubble Law of Recession
131(4)
7.3 Problems
135(2)
8 Friedmann--Robertson--Walker Cosmology
137(12)
8.1 Newtonian Friedmann Equation
137(3)
8.2 Friedmann Equations from General Relativity
140(6)
8.3 Problems
146(3)
9 Thermodynamics of the Universe
149(20)
9.1 The Temperature of the Universe
149(2)
9.2 Matter, Radiation and Vacuum Energy
151(3)
9.2.1 Matter and Radiation
151(2)
9.2.2 Vacuum Energy
153(1)
9.3 Thermal History of Our Universe
154(2)
9.4 The Equation of State
156(3)
9.5 The Quantities ft
159(2)
9.6 Radiation Density Before the Matter Era
161(5)
9.7 Problems
166(3)
10 Accelerated Expansion of the Universe
169(24)
10.1 The Cosmological Redshift
169(2)
10.2 Accelerated Growth and Evidence for Dark Energy
171(6)
10.3 Structure in the Cosmic Microwave Background
177(14)
10.3.1 Correlations of Temperature Fluctuations
177(3)
10.3.2 The Sachs-Wolfe Effect
180(3)
10.3.3 The Size of Visible Structures
183(2)
10.3.4 Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations
185(6)
10.4 Problems
191(2)
11 Inflation
193(18)
11.1 Why Inflation?
193(2)
11.2 Inflation and the Potential of Vacuum
195(3)
11.3 Cosmic Background Anisotropy and Structure Formation
198(11)
11.4 Problems
209(2)
Appendix A Constants and Units 211(2)
Appendix B Geodesic Deviation 213(2)
Appendix C Temperature at Recombination 215(6)
Appendix D Simple Views on Dark Matter Halos 221(14)
Appendix E Solutions to the Problems 235(42)
Appendix F Algebraic Computer Codes 277(12)
References 289(4)
Index 293
Reinhard Hentschke studied physics at the University of Osnabrück in Germany and received a PhD from the University of Maine. After a stay as a visiting scientist in the Department of Chemistry at Cornell University, he worked as a postdoc in the Department of Chemistry at Brandeis University.  Subsequently he joined the Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research as a staff scientist. Following his Habilitation in physical chemistry at the  Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany, he moved to Wuppertal, where he is a professor of physics. His research interests have frequently straddled the boundary between physics and chemis­try.





Christian Hoelbling studied physics at the university of Graz, Austria. He received his PhD from Boston University in 2002, with a thesis entitled Monopoles, confinement and chiral symmetry in lattice gauge theory. After postdocs at DESY and the CNRS, Marseille, he joined the University of Wuppertal where he obtained his Habilitation in 2013 and is currently a senior researcher. His main research interest is in computational quantum field theory and its application towards the search of new physics.