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El. knyga: Signals, Systems, Transforms, and Digital Signal Processing with MATLAB

(Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Quebec, Canada)
  • Formatas: 1256 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Sep-2018
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351834421
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 1256 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Sep-2018
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351834421
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Signals, Systems, Transforms, and Digital Signal Processing with MATLAB® has as its principal objective simplification without compromise of rigor. Graphics, called by the author, "the language of scientists and engineers", physical interpretation of subtle mathematical concepts, and a gradual transition from basic to more advanced topics are meant to be among the important contributions of this book.

After illustrating the analysis of a function through a step-by-step addition of harmonics, the book deals with Fourier and Laplace transforms. It then covers discrete time signals and systems, the z-transform, continuous- and discrete-time filters, active and passive filters, lattice filters, and continuous- and discrete-time state space models. The author goes on to discuss the Fourier transform of sequences, the discrete Fourier transform, and the fast Fourier transform, followed by Fourier-, Laplace, and z-related transforms, including WalshHadamard, generalized Walsh, Hilbert, discrete cosine, Hartley, Hankel, Mellin, fractional Fourier, and wavelet. He also surveys the architecture and design of digital signal processors, computer architecture, logic design of sequential circuits, and random signals. He concludes with simplifying and demystifying the vital subject of distribution theory.

Drawing on much of the authors own research work, this book expands the domains of existence of the most important transforms and thus opens the door to a new world of applications using novel, powerful mathematical tools.
Preface xxv
Acknowledgment xxvii
Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals and Systems
1(46)
Introduction
2(1)
Continuous-Time Signals
2(1)
Periodic Functions
3(1)
Unit Step Function
4(1)
Graphica Representation of Functions
5(1)
Even and Odd Parts of a Function
6(1)
Dirac-Delta Impulse
7(1)
Basic Properties of the Dirac-Delta Impulse
8(3)
Other Important Properties of the Impulse
11(1)
Continuous-Time Systems
11(1)
Causality, Stability
12(1)
Examples of Electrical Continuous-Time Systems
12(1)
Mechanical Systems
13(1)
Transfer Function and Frequency Response
14(1)
Convolution and Correlation
15(5)
A Right-Sided and Left-Sided Function
20(1)
Convolution with an Impulse and Its Derivatives
21(1)
Additional Convolution Properties
21(1)
Correlation Function
22(1)
Properties of the Correlation Function
22(1)
Graphical Interpretation
23(2)
Correlation of Periodic Functions
25(1)
Average, Energy and Power of Continuous-Time Signals
25(1)
Discrete-Time Signals
26(1)
Periodicity
27(1)
Differnce Equations
28(1)
Even/Odd Decomposition
28(1)
Average Value, Energy and Power Sequences
29(1)
Causality, Stability
30(1)
Problems
30(10)
Answers to Selected Problems
40(7)
Fourier Series Expansion
47(58)
Trigonometric Fourier Series
47(1)
Exponential Fourier Series
48(2)
Exponential versus Trignometric Series
50(1)
Periodicity of Fourier Series
51(2)
Dirichlet Conditions and Function Discontinuity
53(2)
Proof of the Exponential Series Expansion
55(1)
Analysis Interval versus Function Period
55(1)
Fourier Series as a Discrete-Frequency Spectrum
56(2)
Meaning of Negative Frequencies
58(1)
Properties of Fourier Series
58(16)
Linearity
58(2)
Time Shift
60(1)
Frequency Shift
60(1)
Function Conjugate
61(1)
Reflection
61(3)
Symmetry
64(1)
Half-Periodic Symmetry
65(2)
Double Symmetry
67(3)
Time Scaling
70(2)
Differentiation Property
72(2)
Differentiation of Discontinuous Functions
74(3)
Multiplication in the Time Domain
74(1)
Convolution in the Time Domain
75(1)
Integration
75(2)
Fourier Series of an Impulse Train
77(1)
Expansion into Cosine or Sine Fourier Series
78(3)
Deducing a Function Form from Its Expansion
81(2)
Truncated Sinusoid Spectral Leakage
83(3)
The Period of a Composite Sinusoidal Signal
86(2)
Passage through a Linear System
88(1)
Parseval's Relations
89(1)
Use of Power Series Expansion
90(1)
Inverse Fourier Series
91(1)
Problems
92(8)
Answers to Selected Problems
100(5)
Laplace Transform
105(48)
Introduction
105(1)
Bilateral Laplace Transform
105(2)
Conditions of Existence of Laplace Transform
107(3)
Basic Laplace Transforms
110(2)
Notes on the ROC of Laplace Transform
112(3)
Properties of Laplace Transform
115(7)
Linearity
116(1)
Differentiation in Time
116(1)
Multiplication by Powers of Time
116(1)
Convolution in Time
117(1)
Integration in Time
117(1)
Multiplication by an Exponential (Modulation)
118(1)
Time Scaling
118(1)
Reflection
119(1)
Initial Value Theorem
119(1)
Final Value Theorem
119(1)
Laplace Transform of Anticausal Functions
120(1)
Shift in Time
121(1)
Applications of the Differentiation Property
122(1)
Transform of Right-Sided Periodic Functions
123(1)
Convolution in Laplace Domain
124(1)
Cauchy's Residue Theorem
125(3)
Inverse Laplace Transform
128(1)
Case of Conjugate Poles
129(2)
The Expansion Theorem of Heaviside
131(1)
Applications to Transfer Function and Impulse Response
132(1)
Inverse Transfrom by Differentiation and Integration
133(1)
Unilateral Laplace Transform
134(4)
Differentiation in Time
135(2)
Initial and Final Value Theorem
137(1)
Integration in Time Property
137(1)
Division by Time Property
137(1)
Gamma Function
138(3)
Table of Additional Laplace Transforms
141(2)
Problems
143(6)
Answers to Selected Problems
149(4)
Fourier Transform
153(80)
Definition of the Fourier Transform
153(2)
Fourier Transform as a Function of f
155(1)
From Fourier Series to Fourier Transform
156(1)
Conditions of Existence of the Fourie Transform
157(1)
Table of Properties of the Fourier Transform
158(8)
Linearity
159(1)
Duality
160(1)
Time Scaling
161(1)
Reflection
161(1)
Time Shift
161(1)
Frequency Shift
161(1)
Modulation Theorem
162(1)
Initial Time Value
163(1)
Initial Frequency Value
163(1)
Differentiation in Time
164(1)
Differentiation in Frequency
164(1)
Integration in Time
164(1)
Conjugate Function
165(1)
Real Functions
165(1)
Symmetry
166(1)
System Frequency Response
166(1)
Even-Odd Decomposition of a Real Function
167(1)
Causal Real Functions
168(1)
Transform of the Dirac-Delta Impulse
169(1)
Transform of a Complex Exponential and Sinusoid
169(2)
Sign Function
171(1)
Unit Step Function
172(1)
Causal Sinusoid
172(1)
Table of Fourier Transforms of Basic Functions
172(2)
Relations between Fourier and Laplace Transforms
174(1)
Relations to Laplace Transform with Poles on Imaginary Axis
175(1)
Convolution in Time
176(1)
Linear System Input-Output Relation
177(1)
Convolution in Frequency
178(1)
Parseval's Theorem
178(1)
Energy Spectral Density
179(1)
Average Value versus Fourier Transform
180(1)
Fourier Transform of a Periodic Function
181(1)
Impulse Train
182(1)
Fourier Transform of Powers of Time
182(1)
System Response to a Sinusoidal Input
183(1)
Stability of a Linear System
183(1)
Fourier Series versus Transform of Periodic Functions
184(1)
Transform of a Train of Rectangles
184(1)
Fourier Transform of a Truncated Sinusoid
185(1)
Gaussian Function Laplace and Fourier Transform
186(1)
Inverse Transform by Series Expansion
187(1)
Fourier Transform in ω and ƒ
188(1)
Fourier Transform of the Correlation Function
189(1)
Ideal Filters Impulse Response
190(1)
Time and Frequency Domain Sampling
191(2)
Ideal Sampling
193(1)
Reconstruction of a Signal from its Samples
193(2)
Other Sampling Systems
195(5)
Natural Sampling
195(2)
Instantaneous Sampling
197(3)
Ideal Sampling of a Bandpass Signal
200(1)
Sampling an Arbitrary Signal
201(2)
Sampling the Fourier Transform
203(1)
Problems
204(18)
Answers to Selected Problems
222(11)
System Modeling, Time and Frequency Response
233(90)
Transfer Function
233(1)
Block Diagram Reduction
233(1)
Galvanometer
234(3)
DC Motor
237(2)
A Speed-Control System
239(6)
Homology
245(2)
Transient and Steady-State Response
247(1)
Step Response of Linear Systems
248(1)
First Order System
248(1)
Second Order System Model
249(1)
Settling Time
250(3)
Second Order System Frequency Response
253(1)
Case of a Double Pole
254(1)
The Over-Dampled Case
255(1)
Evaluation of the Overshoot
255(1)
Causal System Response to an Arbitrary Input
256(1)
System Response to a Causal Periodic Input
257(2)
Response to a Causal Sinusoidal Input
259(1)
Frequency Response Plots
260(1)
Decibels, Octaves, Decades
260(1)
Asymptotic Frequency Response
261(6)
A Simple Zero at the Origin
261(1)
A Simple Pole
262(1)
A Simple Zero in the Left Plane
262(2)
First Order System
264(1)
Second Order System
264(3)
Bode Plot of a Composite Linear System
267(1)
Graphical Representation of a System Function
268(1)
Vectorial Evaluation of Residues
269(4)
Vectorial Evaluation of the Frequency Response
273(2)
A First Order All-Pass System
275(1)
Filtering Properties of Basic Circuits
275(2)
Lowpass First Order Filter
277(3)
Minimum Phase Systems
280(1)
General Order All-Pass Systems
281(2)
Signal Generation
283(1)
Application of Laplace Transform to Differential Equations
284(9)
Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
285(1)
Linear First Order Differential Equation
285(1)
General Order Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
286(1)
Homogeneous Linear Differential Equations
287(1)
The General Solution of a Linear Differential Equation
288(3)
Partial Differential Equations
291(2)
Transformation of Partial Differential Equations
293(4)
Problems
297(17)
Answers to Selected Problems
314(9)
Discrete-Time Signals and Systems
323(72)
Introduction
323(1)
Linear Time-Invariant Systems
324(1)
Linear Constant-Coefficient Difference Equations
324(1)
The z-Transform
325(2)
Convergence of the z-Transform
327(3)
Inverse z-Transform
330(6)
Inverse z-Transform by Partial Fraction Expansion
336(1)
Inversion by Long Division
337(1)
Inversion by a Power Series Expansion
338(1)
Inversion by Geometric Series Summation
339(1)
Table of Basic z-Transforms
340(1)
Properties of the z-Transform
340(9)
Linearity
340(1)
Time Shift
340(1)
Conjugate Sequence
340(1)
Initial Value
341(3)
Convolution in Time
344(1)
Convolution in Frequency
344(3)
Parseval's Relation
347(1)
Final Value Theorem
347(1)
Multiplication by an Exponential
348(1)
Frequency Translation
348(1)
Reflection Property
349(1)
Multiplication by n
349(1)
Geometric Evaluation of Frequency Response
349(2)
Comb Filters
351(2)
Causality and Stability
353(1)
Delayed Response and Group Delay
354(1)
Discrete-Time Convolution and Correlation
355(2)
Discrete-Time Correlation in One Dimension
357(3)
Convolution and Correlation as Multiplications
360(1)
Response of a Linear System to a Sinusoid
361(1)
Notes on the Cross-Correlation of Sequences
361(1)
LTI System Input/Output Correlation Sequences
362(1)
Energy and Power Spectral Density
363(1)
Two-Dimensional Signals
363(3)
Linear Systems Convolution and Correlation
366(4)
Correlation of Two-Dimensional Signals
370(4)
IIR and FIR Digital Filters
374(1)
Discrete-Time All-Pass Systems
375(3)
Minimum-Phase and Inverse System
378(3)
Unilateral z-Transform
381(3)
Time Shift Property of Unilateral z-Transform
383(1)
Problems
384(6)
Answers to Selected Problems
390(5)
Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
395(88)
Laplace, Fourier and z-Transform Relations
395(5)
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals
400(1)
A/D Conversion
400(3)
Quantization Error
403(1)
D/A Conversion
404(2)
Continuous versus Discrete Signal Processing
406(1)
Interlacing with Zeros
407(2)
Sampling Rate Conversion
409(10)
Sampling Rate Reduction
410(4)
Sampling Rate Increase: Interpolation
414(3)
Rational Factor Sample Rate Alteration
417(2)
Fourier Transform of a Periodic Sequence
419(1)
Table of Discrete-Time Fourier Transforms
420(4)
Reconstruction of the Continuous-Time Signal
424(1)
Stability of a Linear System
425(1)
Table of Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Properties
425(1)
Parseval's Theorem
425(1)
Fourier Series and Transform Duality
426(3)
Discrete Fourier Transform
429(4)
Discrete Fourier Series
433(1)
DFT of a Sinusoidal Signal
434(2)
Deducing the z-Transform from the DFT
436(2)
DFT versus DFS
438(1)
Properties of DFS and DFT
439(4)
Periodic Convolution
441(2)
Circular Convolution
443(2)
Circular Convolution Using the DFT
445(1)
Sampling the Spectrum
446(1)
Table of Properties of DFS
447(1)
Shift in Time and Circular Shift
448(1)
Table of DFT Properties
449(1)
Zero Padding
450(3)
Discrete z-Transform
453(2)
Fast Fourier Transform
455(7)
An Algorithm for a Wired-In Radix-2 Processor
462(4)
Post-Permutation Algorithm
464(1)
Ordered Input/Ordered Output (OIOO) Algorithm
465(1)
Factorization of the FFT to a Higher Radix
466(4)
Ordered Input/Ordered Output General Radix FFT Algorithm
469(1)
Feedback Elimination for High-Speed Signal Processing
470(2)
Problems
472(6)
Answers to Selected Problems
478(5)
State Space Modeling
483(60)
Introduction
483(1)
Note on Notation
483(1)
State Space Model
484(4)
System Transfer Function
488(1)
System Response with Initial Conditions
489(1)
Jordan Canonical Form of State Space Model
490(7)
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
497(1)
Matrix Diagonalization
498(1)
Similarity Transformation of a State Space Model
499(2)
Solution of the State Equations
501(6)
General Jordan Canonical Form
507(2)
Circuit Analysis by Laplace Transform and State Variables
509(4)
Trajectories of a Second Order System
513(2)
Second Order System Modeling
515(4)
Transformation of Trajectories between Planes
519(3)
Discrete-Time Systems
522(6)
Solution of the State Equations
528(1)
Transfer Function
528(1)
Change of Variables
529(2)
Second Canonical Form State Space Model
531(2)
Problems
533(5)
Answers to Selected Problems
538(5)
Filters of Continuous-Time Domain
543(134)
Lowpass Approximation
543(1)
Butterworth Approximation
544(3)
Denormalization of Butterworth Filter Prototype
547(3)
Denormalized Transfer Function
550(2)
The Case ε≠ 1
552(1)
Butterworth Filter Order Formula
553(1)
Nomographs
554(2)
Chebyshev Approximation
556(4)
Pass-Band Ripple
560(1)
Transfer Function of the Chebyshev Filter
560(3)
Maxima and Minima of Chebyshev Filter Response
563(1)
The Value of ε as a Function of Pass-Band Ripple
564(1)
Evaluation of Chebyshev Filter Gain
564(1)
Chebyshev Filter Tables
565(2)
Chebyshev Filter Order
567(1)
Denormalization of Chebyshev Filter Prototype
568(3)
Chebyshev's Approximation: Second Form
571(1)
Response Decay of Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters
572(3)
Chebyshev Filter Nomograph
575(1)
Elliptic Filters
576(1)
Elliptic Integral
576(1)
Properties, Poles, and Zeros of the sn Function
577(7)
Elliptic Filter Approximation
580(4)
Pole Zero Alignment and Mapping of Elliptic Filter
584(5)
Poles of H (s)
589(2)
Zeros and Poles of G (ε)
591(1)
Zeros, Maxima and Minima of the Magnitude Spectrum
591(1)
Points of Maxima/Minima
591(1)
Elliptic Filter Nomograph
592(5)
N = 9 Example
597(2)
Tables of Elliptic Filters
599(12)
Bessel's Constant Delay Filters
611(1)
A Note on Continued Fraction Expansion
612(5)
Evaluating the Filter Delay
617(1)
Bessel Filter Quality Factor and Natural Frequency
618(1)
Maximal Flatness of Bessel and Butterworth Response
619(3)
Bessel Filter's Delay and Magnitude Response
622(1)
Denormalization and Deviation from Ideal Response
622(4)
Bessel Filter's Magnitude and Delay
626(1)
Bessel Filter's Butterworth Asymptotic Form
626(2)
Delay of Bessel-Butterworth Asymptotic Form Filter
628(1)
Delay Plots of Butterworth Asymptotic Form Bessel Filter
629(4)
Bessel Filters Frequency Normalized Form
633(1)
Poles and Zeros of Asymptotic and Frequency Normalized Bessel Filter Forms
634(1)
Response and Delay of Normalized Form Bessel Filter
634(1)
Bessel Frequency Normalized Form Attenuation Setting
635(4)
Bessel Filter Nomograph
639(1)
Frequency Transformations
639(2)
Lowpass to Bandpass Transformation
641(10)
Lowpass to Band-Stop Transformation
651(2)
Lowpass to Highpass Transformation
653(4)
Note on Lowpass to Normalized Band-Stop Transformation
657(4)
Windows
661(1)
Rectangular Window
662(1)
Triangle (Barlett) Window
663(1)
Hanning Window
663(1)
Hamming Window
664(1)
Problems
665(6)
Answers to Selected Problems
671(6)
Passive and Active Filters
677(56)
Design of Passive Filters
677(1)
Design of Passive Ladder Lowpass Filters
677(3)
Analysis of a General Order Passive Ladder Network
680(3)
Input Impedance of a Single-Resistance Terminated Network
683(1)
Evaluation of the Ladder Network Components
684(5)
Matrix Evaluation of Input Impedance
689(4)
Bessel Filter Passive Ladder Networks
693(1)
Tables of Single-Resistance Ladder Network Components
694(1)
Design of Doubly Terminated Passive LC Ladder Networks
695(6)
Input Impedance Evaluation
695(6)
Tables of Double-Resistanc Terminated Ladder Network Components
701(2)
Closed Forms for Circuit Element Values
703(3)
Elliptic Filter Realization as a Passive Ladder Network
706(3)
Evaluating the Elliptic LC Ladder Circuit Elements
707(2)
Table of Elliptic Filter Passive Network Components
709(1)
Element Replacement for Frequency Tranformation
709(4)
Lowpass to Bandpass Transformation
710(1)
Lowpass to Highpas Transformation
711(1)
Lowpass to Band-Stop Transformation
711(2)
Realization of a General Order Active Filter
713(1)
Inverting Integrator
713(1)
Biquadratic Transfer Functions
714(2)
General Biquad Realization
716(5)
First Order Filter Realization
721(2)
A Biquadratic Transfer Function Realization
723(2)
Sallen-Key Circuit
725(3)
Problems
728(1)
Answers to Selected Problems
729(4)
Digital Filters
733(102)
Introduction
733(1)
Signal Flow Graphs
733(1)
IIR Filter Models
734(1)
First Canoncial Form
734(1)
Transposition
734(2)
Second Canonical Form
736(1)
Transposition of the Second Canonical Form
737(1)
Structures Based on Poles and Zeros
738(1)
Cascaded Form
738(1)
Parallel Form
739(1)
Matrix Representation
739(1)
Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters
740(1)
Linear Phase FIR Filters
741(2)
Conversion of Continuous-Time to Discrete-Time Filter
743(1)
Impulse Invariance Appraoch
743(3)
Shortcut Impulse Invariance Design
746(1)
Backward-Rectangular Approximation
747(2)
Forword Rectangular and Trapezoidal Approximations
749(2)
Bilinear Transform
751(9)
Lattice Filters
760(1)
Finite Impuls Response All-Zero Lattice Structures
760(1)
One-Zero FIR Filter
761(1)
Two-Zeros FIR Filter
762(2)
General Order All-Zero FIR Filter
764(5)
All-Pole Filter
769(1)
First Order One-Pole Filter
770(1)
Second Order All-Pole Filter
771(1)
General Order All-Pole Filter
772(3)
Pole-Zero IIR Lattice Filter
775(6)
All-Pass Filter Realization
781(1)
Schur-Cohn Stability Criterion
782(1)
Frequency Transformations
783(3)
Least Squares Digital Filter Design
786(1)
Pade Approximation
786(4)
Error Minimization in Prony's Method
790(4)
FIR Inverse Filter Design
794(4)
Impulse Response of Ideal Filters
798(2)
Spectral Leakage
800(1)
Windows
801(1)
Ideal Digital Filters Rectangular Window
801(1)
Hanning Window
802(1)
Hanning Window
803(1)
Triangular Window
804(1)
Comparison of Windows Spectral Parameters
805(2)
Linear-Phase FIR Filter Design Using Windows
807(1)
Even-and Odd-Symmetric FIR Filter Design
808(2)
Linear Phase FIR Filter Realization
810(1)
Sampling the Unit Circle
810(4)
Impulse Response Evaluation from Unit Circle Samples
814(3)
Odd Order, Even Symmetry, μ = 0
815(1)
Odd Order, Even Symmetry, μ = 1/2
815(1)
Case II-1
815(1)
Even Order, Even Symmetry, μ = 1/2
815(1)
Odd Order, Odd Symmetry, μ = 0
816(1)
Odd Order, Odd Symmetry, μ = 1/2
816(1)
Even Order, Odd Symmetry, μ = 0
816(1)
Even Order, Odd Symmetry, μ = 1/2
816(1)
Problems
817(11)
Answers to Selected Problems
828(7)
Energy and Power Spectral Densities
835(40)
Energy Spectral Density
835(3)
Average, Energy and Power of Continuous-Time Signals
838(1)
Discrete-Time Signals
839(1)
Energy Signals
840(1)
Autocorrelation of Energy Signals
840(2)
Energy Singal through Linear System
842(1)
Impulsive and Discrete-Time Energy Signals
843(5)
Power Signals
848(1)
Cross-Correlation
848(2)
Power Spectral Density
849(1)
Power Spectrum Conversion of a Linear System
850(2)
Impulsive and Discrete-Time Power Signals
852(2)
Periodic Signals
854(2)
Response of an LTI System to a Sinusoidal Input
855(1)
Power Spectral Density of an Impulse Train
856(3)
Average, Energy and Power of a Sequence
859(1)
Energy Spectral Density of a Sequence
860(1)
Autocorrelation of an Energy Sequence
860(1)
Power Density of a Sequence
860(1)
Power Density of a Sequence
860(1)
Problems
861(8)
Answers to Selected Problems
869(6)
Introduction to Communication Systems
875(36)
Introduction
875(1)
Amplitude Modulation (AM) of Continous-Time Signals
876(7)
Double Side-Band (DSB) Modulation
876(1)
Double Side-Band Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC) Modulation
877(2)
Single Side-Band (SSB) Modulation
879(3)
Vestigial Side-Band (VSB) Modulation
882(1)
Frequency Multiplexing
882(1)
Frequency Modulation
883(4)
Discrete Signals
887(1)
Pulse Modulation Systems
887(1)
Digital Communication Systems
888(5)
Pulse Code Modulation
888(2)
Pulse Duration Modulation
890(2)
Pulse Position Modulation
892(1)
PCM-TDM Systems
893(1)
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
893(1)
Problems
894(10)
Answers to Selected Problems
904(7)
Fourier-, Laplace- and z-Related Transforms
911(62)
Walsh Transform
911(1)
Rademacher and Haar Functions
911(1)
Walsh Functions
912(1)
The Walsh (Sequency) Order
913(1)
Dyadic (Paley) Order
914(1)
Natural (Hadamard) Order
914(2)
Discrete Walsh Transform
916(1)
Discrete-Time Walsh Transform
917(1)
Discrete-Time Walsh-Hadamard Transform
917(2)
Natural (Hadamard) Order
917(1)
Dyadic or Paley Order
918(1)
Sequency or Walsh Order
919(1)
Natural (Hadamard) Order Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform
919(1)
Dyadic (Paley) Order Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform
920(1)
Sequency Ordered Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform
921(1)
Generalized Walsh Transform
922(1)
Natural Order
922(1)
Generalized Sequency Order
923(1)
Generalzied Walsh-Paley (p-adic) Transform
923(1)
Walsh-Kaczmarz Tranform
923(1)
Generalized Walsh Factorizations for Parallel Processing
924(1)
Generalized Walsh Natural Order GWN Matrix
924(1)
Generlaized Walsh-Paley GWP Transformation Matrix
925(1)
GWK Transformation Matrix
926(1)
High Speed Optimal Generalized Walsh Factorizations
926(1)
GWN Optimal Factorization
926(1)
GWP Optimal Factorization
927(1)
GWK Optimal Factorization
927(1)
Karhunen Loeve Transform
928(3)
Hilbert Transform
931(3)
Hilbert Transformer
934(1)
Discrete Hilbert Transform
935(1)
Hartley Transform
936(2)
Discrete Hartley Transform
938(1)
Mellin Transform
939(2)
Mellin Transform of ejx
941(2)
Hankel Transform
943(2)
Fourier Cosine Transform
945(1)
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)
946(2)
Fractional Fourier Tranform
948(2)
Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform
950(1)
Two-Dimensional Transforms
950(1)
Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform
951(2)
Continuous-Time Domain Hilbert Transform Relations
953(1)
Hi (jw) versus HR (jw) with No Poles on Axis
953(4)
Case of Poles on the Imaginary Axis
957(1)
Hilbert Transform Closed Forms
958(1)
Wiener-Lee Transform
959(2)
Discrete-Time Domain Hilbert Transform Relations
961(3)
Problems
964(3)
Answers to Selected Problems
967(6)
Digital Signal Processors: Architecture, Logic Design
973(132)
Introduction
973(1)
Systems for the Representation of Representation of Numbers
973(1)
Conversion from Decimal to Binary
974(1)
Integers, Fractions and the Binary Point
974(1)
Representation of Negative Numbers
975(3)
Sign and Magnitude Notation
975(1)
1's and 2's Complement Notation
976(2)
Integer and Fractional Representation of Signed Numbers
978(4)
1's and 2's Complement of Signed Numbers
979(3)
Addition
982(4)
Addition in Sign and Magnitude Notation
982(2)
Addition in 1's Complement Notation
984(1)
Addition in 2's Complement Notation
985(1)
Subtraction
986(4)
Subtraction in Sign and Magnitude Notation
987(1)
Numbers in 1's Complement Notation
988(1)
Subtraction in 2's Complement Notation
989(1)
Full Adder Cell
990(1)
Addition/Subtraction Implementation in 2's Complement
991(1)
Controlled Add/Subtract (CAS) Cell
992(1)
Multiplication of Unsigned Numbers
992(1)
Multiplier Implementation
993(2)
3-D Multiplier
995(5)
Multiplication in Sign and Magnitude Notation
997(1)
Multiplication in 1's Complement Notation
997(1)
Numbers in 2's Complement Notation
998(2)
A Direct Approach to 2's Complement Multiplication
1000(2)
Division
1002(7)
Division of Positive Numbers
1003(1)
Division in Sign and Magnitude Notation
1004(1)
Division in 1's Complement
1004(1)
Division in 2's Complement
1005(1)
Nonrestoring Division
1006(3)
Cellular Array for Nonrestoring Division
1009(2)
Carry Look Ahead (CLA) Cell
1011(3)
2's Complement Nonrestoring Division
1014(2)
Convergence Division
1016(2)
Evaluation of the nth Root
1018(2)
Function Generation by Chebyshev Series Expansion
1020(6)
An Alternative Approach to Chebyshev Series Expansion
1026(1)
Floating Point Number Representation
1027(3)
Addition and Subtraction
1029(1)
Multiplication
1029(1)
Division
1030(1)
Square Root Evaluation
1030(3)
The Paper and Pencil Method
1030(1)
Binary Square Root Evaluation
1031(1)
Comparison Approach
1031(1)
Restoring Approach
1032(1)
Nonrestoring Approach
1032(1)
Cellular Array for Nonrestoring Square Root Extraction
1033(1)
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Representation
1033(4)
Memory Elements
1037(5)
Set-Reset (SR) Flip-Flop
1038(2)
The Trigger or T Flip-Flop
1040(1)
The JK Flip-Flop
1040(1)
Master-Slave Flip-Flop
1041(1)
Design of Synchronous Sequential Circuits
1042(4)
Realization Using SR Flip-Flops
1044(1)
Realization Using JK Flip-Flops
1045(1)
Realization of a Counter Using T Flip-Flops
1046(2)
Realization Using JK Flip-Flops
1046(2)
State Minimization
1048(2)
Asynchronous Sequential Machines
1050(1)
State Reduction
1051(3)
Control Counter Design for Generator of Prime Numbers
1054(5)
Micro-operations and States
1055(4)
Fast Transform Processors
1059(3)
Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs)
1062(1)
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
1063(2)
DSP with Xilinx FPGAs
1065(2)
Texas Instruments TMS320C6713B Floating-Point DSP
1067(2)
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
1069(2)
CPU Data Paths and Control
1071(3)
General-Purpose Register Files
1071(1)
Functional Units
1072(1)
Register File Cross Paths
1072(1)
Memory, Load, and Store Paths
1073(1)
Data Address Paths
1073(1)
Instruction Syntax
1074(1)
TMS320C6000 Control Register File
1074(1)
Addressing Mode Register (AMR)
1075(1)
Addressing Modes
1076(1)
Syntax for Load/Store Address Generation
1076(2)
Linear Addressing Mode
1077(1)
Programming the T.I. DSP
1078(1)
A Simple C Program
1079(1)
The Generated Assembly Code
1080(7)
Calling an Assembly Language Function
1083(4)
Fibonacci Series in C Calling Assembly-Language Function
1087(1)
Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter
1087(1)
Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filter on the DSP
1088(4)
Real-Time DSP Applications Using MATLAB-Simulink
1092(2)
Detailed Steps for DSP Programming in C++ and Simulink
1094(4)
Steps to Implement a C++ Program on the DSP Card
1094(2)
Steps to Implement a Simulink Program on the DSP Card
1096(2)
Problems
1098(3)
Answers to Selected Problems
1101(4)
Random Signal Processing
1105(76)
Nonparametric Methods of Power Spectrum Estimation
1108(1)
Correlation of Continuous-Time Random Signals
1109(1)
Passage through an LTI System
1110(3)
Wiener Filtering in Continuous-Time Domain
1113(3)
Causal Wiener Filter
1116(2)
Random Sequences
1118(1)
From Statistical to Time Averages
1119(1)
Correlation and Covariance in z-Domain
1120(1)
Random Signal Passage through an LTI System
1121(3)
PSD Estimation of Discrete-Time Random Sequences
1124(4)
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Evaluation of the Periodogram
1128(3)
Parametric Methods for PSD Estimation
1131(1)
The Yule-Walker Equations
1132(2)
System Modeling for Linear Prediction, Adaptive Filtering and Spectrum Estimation
1134(1)
Wiener and Least-Squares Models
1134(1)
Wiener Filtering
1135(3)
Least-Squares Filtering
1138(1)
Forward Linear Prediction
1138(2)
Backward Linear Prediction
1140(3)
Lattice MA FIR Filter Realization
1143(3)
AR Lattice of Order p
1146(1)
ARMA (p, q) Process
1146(1)
Power Spectrum Estimation
1147(1)
FIR Wiener Filtering of Noisy Signals
1148(3)
Two-Sided IIR Wiener Filtering
1151(1)
Causal IIR Wiener Filter
1152(2)
Wavelet Transform
1154(3)
Discrete Wavelet Transform
1157(7)
Important Signal Processing MATLAB Functions
1164(3)
Ipc
1167(1)
Yulewalk
1168(1)
dfilt
1169(1)
logspace
1170(1)
FIR Filter Design
1170(3)
fir2
1173(1)
Power Spectrum Estimation Using MATLAB
1174(1)
Parametric Modeling Functions
1174(1)
prony
1175(1)
Problems
1176(3)
Answers to Selected Problems
1179(2)
Distributions
1181(44)
Introduction
1181(1)
Distributions as Generalizations of Functions
1181(1)
What is a Distribution?
1182(2)
The Impulse as the Limit of a Sequence
1184(1)
Properties of Distributions
1184(3)
Linearity
1184(1)
Time Shift
1185(1)
Time Scaling
1185(1)
Product with an Ordinary Function
1186(1)
Symmetry
1186(1)
Differentiation
1187(1)
Multiplication Times an Ordinary Function
1187(1)
Sequence of Distributions
1187(1)
Approximating the Impulse
1187(3)
Other Approximating Sequences and Functions of the Impulse
1190(1)
Test Functions
1191(1)
Convolution
1192(1)
Multiplication by an Impulse Derivative
1193(2)
The Dirac-Delta Impulse as a Limit of a Gaussian Function
1195(1)
Fourier Transform of Unity
1196(1)
The Impulse of Function
1196(3)
Multiplication by t
1199(1)
Time Scaling
1199(1)
Some Properties of the Dirac-Delta Impulse
1200(1)
Additional Fourier Transforms
1201(1)
Riemann-Lebesgue Lemma
1201(1)
Generalized Limits
1202(2)
Fourier Transform of Higher Impulse Derivatives
1204(1)
The Distribution t-k
1204(2)
Initial Derivatives of the Transform
1206(1)
The Unit Step Function as a Limit
1207(1)
Inverse Fourier Transform and Gibbs Phenomenon
1208(4)
Ripple Elimination
1212(1)
Transforms of |t| and tu(t)
1213(1)
The Impulse Train as a Limit
1214(2)
Sequence of Distributions
1216(2)
Poisson's Summation Formula
1218(1)
Moving Average
1219(1)
Problems
1220(2)
Answers to Selected Problems
1222(3)
Generalization of Distributions Theory, Extending Laplace-, z-and Fourier-Related Transforms
1225(32)
Introduction
1225(1)
An Anomaly
1225(1)
Generalized Distributions for Continuous-Time Functions
1226(2)
Properties of Generalized Distributions in s Domain
1226(1)
Linearity
1226(1)
Shift in s
1226(1)
Scaling
1227(1)
Convolution
1227(1)
Differentiation
1227(1)
Multiplication of Derivative by an Ordinary Function
1228(1)
Properties of the Generalized Impulse in s Domain
1228(2)
Shifted Generalized Impulse
1228(1)
Differentiation
1228(1)
Convolution
1228(1)
Convolution with an Ordinary Function
1229(1)
Multiplication of an Impulse Times an Ordinary Function
1230(1)
Multiplication by Higher Derivatives of the Impulse
1230(1)
Additional Generalized Impulse Properties
1230(2)
Generalized Impulse as a Limit of a Three-Dimensional Sequence
1232(2)
Discrete-Time Domain
1234(1)
3-D Test Function as a Possible Generalization
1235(2)
Properties of Generalized Distributions in z-Domain
1235(1)
Linearity
1236(1)
Scaling in z-Domain
1236(1)
Differentiation
1236(1)
Convolution
1237(1)
Properties of the Generalized Impulse in z-Domain
1237(1)
Differentiation
1237(1)
Generalized Impulse as Limit of a 3-D Sequence
1238(4)
Convolution of Generalized Impulses
1240(1)
Convolution with an Ordinary Function
1241(1)
Extended Laplace and z-Transforms
1242(1)
Generalization of Fourier-, Laplace- and z-Related Transforms
1242(3)
Hilbert Transform Generalization
1245(2)
Generalizing the Discrete Hilbert Transform
1247(1)
Generalized Hartley Transform
1247(1)
Generalized Discrete Hartley Transform
1248(1)
Generalization of the Mellin Transform
1249(2)
Multidimensional Signals and the Solution of Differntial Equations
1251(3)
Problems
1254(1)
Answers to Selected Problems
1255(2)
Appendix
1257(46)
Symbols
1257(1)
Frequently Needed Expansions
1257(2)
Important Trigonometric Relations
1259(1)
Orthogonality Relations
1259(1)
Frequently Encountered Functions
1260(1)
Mathematical Formulae
1260(1)
Frequently Encountered Series Sums
1261(1)
Biographies of Pioneering Scientists
1262(1)
Plato (428 BC-347 BC)
1262(2)
Ptolemy (circa 90-168 AD)
1264(1)
Euclid (circa 300 BC)
1265(1)
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi (780-850 AD)
1266(3)
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
1269(3)
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
1272(2)
Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
1274(4)
Guillaume-Francois-Antoine de L'Hopital (1661-1704)
1278(1)
Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827)
1279(2)
Gaspard Clair Francois Marie, Baron Riche de Prony (1755-1839)
1281(4)
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830)
1285(4)
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)
1289(1)
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784-1846)
1290(2)
Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857)
1292(3)
Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829)
1295(2)
Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805-1859)
1297(1)
Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821-1894)
1298(2)
Paul A.M. Dirac
1300(3)
References 1303(4)
Index 1307
Michael Corinthios, Ph.D., Fellow IEEE, FIET is a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the École Polytechnique de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.