Preface |
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xxv | |
Acknowledgment |
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xxvii | |
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Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals and Systems |
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1 | (46) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Graphica Representation of Functions |
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5 | (1) |
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Even and Odd Parts of a Function |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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Basic Properties of the Dirac-Delta Impulse |
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8 | (3) |
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Other Important Properties of the Impulse |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Examples of Electrical Continuous-Time Systems |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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Transfer Function and Frequency Response |
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14 | (1) |
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Convolution and Correlation |
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15 | (5) |
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A Right-Sided and Left-Sided Function |
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20 | (1) |
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Convolution with an Impulse and Its Derivatives |
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21 | (1) |
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Additional Convolution Properties |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Properties of the Correlation Function |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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Correlation of Periodic Functions |
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25 | (1) |
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Average, Energy and Power of Continuous-Time Signals |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Average Value, Energy and Power Sequences |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (10) |
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Answers to Selected Problems |
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40 | (7) |
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47 | (58) |
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Trigonometric Fourier Series |
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47 | (1) |
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Exponential Fourier Series |
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48 | (2) |
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Exponential versus Trignometric Series |
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50 | (1) |
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Periodicity of Fourier Series |
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51 | (2) |
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Dirichlet Conditions and Function Discontinuity |
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53 | (2) |
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Proof of the Exponential Series Expansion |
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55 | (1) |
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Analysis Interval versus Function Period |
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55 | (1) |
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Fourier Series as a Discrete-Frequency Spectrum |
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56 | (2) |
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Meaning of Negative Frequencies |
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58 | (1) |
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Properties of Fourier Series |
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58 | (16) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (3) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (2) |
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Differentiation of Discontinuous Functions |
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74 | (3) |
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Multiplication in the Time Domain |
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74 | (1) |
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Convolution in the Time Domain |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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Fourier Series of an Impulse Train |
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77 | (1) |
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Expansion into Cosine or Sine Fourier Series |
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78 | (3) |
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Deducing a Function Form from Its Expansion |
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81 | (2) |
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Truncated Sinusoid Spectral Leakage |
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83 | (3) |
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The Period of a Composite Sinusoidal Signal |
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86 | (2) |
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Passage through a Linear System |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Use of Power Series Expansion |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (8) |
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Answers to Selected Problems |
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100 | (5) |
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105 | (48) |
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105 | (1) |
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Bilateral Laplace Transform |
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105 | (2) |
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Conditions of Existence of Laplace Transform |
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107 | (3) |
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110 | (2) |
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Notes on the ROC of Laplace Transform |
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112 | (3) |
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Properties of Laplace Transform |
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115 | (7) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Multiplication by Powers of Time |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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Multiplication by an Exponential (Modulation) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Laplace Transform of Anticausal Functions |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Applications of the Differentiation Property |
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122 | (1) |
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Transform of Right-Sided Periodic Functions |
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123 | (1) |
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Convolution in Laplace Domain |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (3) |
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Inverse Laplace Transform |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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The Expansion Theorem of Heaviside |
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131 | (1) |
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Applications to Transfer Function and Impulse Response |
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132 | (1) |
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Inverse Transfrom by Differentiation and Integration |
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133 | (1) |
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Unilateral Laplace Transform |
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134 | (4) |
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135 | (2) |
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Initial and Final Value Theorem |
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137 | (1) |
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Integration in Time Property |
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137 | (1) |
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Division by Time Property |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (3) |
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Table of Additional Laplace Transforms |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (6) |
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Answers to Selected Problems |
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149 | (4) |
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153 | (80) |
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Definition of the Fourier Transform |
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153 | (2) |
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Fourier Transform as a Function of f |
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155 | (1) |
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From Fourier Series to Fourier Transform |
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156 | (1) |
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Conditions of Existence of the Fourie Transform |
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157 | (1) |
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Table of Properties of the Fourier Transform |
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158 | (8) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Differentiation in Frequency |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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System Frequency Response |
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166 | (1) |
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Even-Odd Decomposition of a Real Function |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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Transform of the Dirac-Delta Impulse |
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169 | (1) |
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Transform of a Complex Exponential and Sinusoid |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Table of Fourier Transforms of Basic Functions |
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172 | (2) |
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Relations between Fourier and Laplace Transforms |
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174 | (1) |
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Relations to Laplace Transform with Poles on Imaginary Axis |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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Linear System Input-Output Relation |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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Average Value versus Fourier Transform |
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180 | (1) |
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Fourier Transform of a Periodic Function |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Fourier Transform of Powers of Time |
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182 | (1) |
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System Response to a Sinusoidal Input |
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183 | (1) |
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Stability of a Linear System |
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183 | (1) |
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Fourier Series versus Transform of Periodic Functions |
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184 | (1) |
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Transform of a Train of Rectangles |
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184 | (1) |
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Fourier Transform of a Truncated Sinusoid |
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185 | (1) |
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Gaussian Function Laplace and Fourier Transform |
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186 | (1) |
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Inverse Transform by Series Expansion |
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187 | (1) |
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Fourier Transform in ω and ƒ |
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188 | (1) |
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Fourier Transform of the Correlation Function |
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189 | (1) |
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Ideal Filters Impulse Response |
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190 | (1) |
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Time and Frequency Domain Sampling |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (1) |
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Reconstruction of a Signal from its Samples |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (5) |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (3) |
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Ideal Sampling of a Bandpass Signal |
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200 | (1) |
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Sampling an Arbitrary Signal |
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201 | (2) |
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Sampling the Fourier Transform |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (18) |
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Answers to Selected Problems |
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222 | (11) |
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System Modeling, Time and Frequency Response |
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233 | (90) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (3) |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (6) |
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245 | (2) |
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Transient and Steady-State Response |
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247 | (1) |
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Step Response of Linear Systems |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Second Order System Model |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (3) |
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Second Order System Frequency Response |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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Evaluation of the Overshoot |
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255 | (1) |
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Causal System Response to an Arbitrary Input |
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256 | (1) |
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System Response to a Causal Periodic Input |
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257 | (2) |
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Response to a Causal Sinusoidal Input |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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Decibels, Octaves, Decades |
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260 | (1) |
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Asymptotic Frequency Response |
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261 | (6) |
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A Simple Zero at the Origin |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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A Simple Zero in the Left Plane |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (3) |
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Bode Plot of a Composite Linear System |
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267 | (1) |
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Graphical Representation of a System Function |
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268 | (1) |
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Vectorial Evaluation of Residues |
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269 | (4) |
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Vectorial Evaluation of the Frequency Response |
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273 | (2) |
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A First Order All-Pass System |
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275 | (1) |
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Filtering Properties of Basic Circuits |
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275 | (2) |
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Lowpass First Order Filter |
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277 | (3) |
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280 | (1) |
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General Order All-Pass Systems |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (1) |
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Application of Laplace Transform to Differential Equations |
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284 | (9) |
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Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients |
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285 | (1) |
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Linear First Order Differential Equation |
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285 | (1) |
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General Order Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients |
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286 | (1) |
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Homogeneous Linear Differential Equations |
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287 | (1) |
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The General Solution of a Linear Differential Equation |
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288 | (3) |
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Partial Differential Equations |
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291 | (2) |
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Transformation of Partial Differential Equations |
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293 | (4) |
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297 | (17) |
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Answers to Selected Problems |
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314 | (9) |
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Discrete-Time Signals and Systems |
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323 | (72) |
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323 | (1) |
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Linear Time-Invariant Systems |
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324 | (1) |
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Linear Constant-Coefficient Difference Equations |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (2) |
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Convergence of the z-Transform |
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327 | (3) |
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330 | (6) |
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Inverse z-Transform by Partial Fraction Expansion |
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336 | (1) |
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Inversion by Long Division |
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337 | (1) |
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Inversion by a Power Series Expansion |
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338 | (1) |
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Inversion by Geometric Series Summation |
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339 | (1) |
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Table of Basic z-Transforms |
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340 | (1) |
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Properties of the z-Transform |
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340 | (9) |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (3) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (3) |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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Multiplication by an Exponential |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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Geometric Evaluation of Frequency Response |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (1) |
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Delayed Response and Group Delay |
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354 | (1) |
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Discrete-Time Convolution and Correlation |
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355 | (2) |
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Discrete-Time Correlation in One Dimension |
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357 | (3) |
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Convolution and Correlation as Multiplications |
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360 | (1) |
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Response of a Linear System to a Sinusoid |
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361 | (1) |
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Notes on the Cross-Correlation of Sequences |
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361 | (1) |
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LTI System Input/Output Correlation Sequences |
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362 | (1) |
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Energy and Power Spectral Density |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (3) |
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Linear Systems Convolution and Correlation |
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366 | (4) |
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Correlation of Two-Dimensional Signals |
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370 | (4) |
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IIR and FIR Digital Filters |
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374 | (1) |
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Discrete-Time All-Pass Systems |
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375 | (3) |
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Minimum-Phase and Inverse System |
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378 | (3) |
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381 | (3) |
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Time Shift Property of Unilateral z-Transform |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (6) |
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Answers to Selected Problems |
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390 | (5) |
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Discrete-Time Fourier Transform |
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395 | (88) |
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Laplace, Fourier and z-Transform Relations |
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395 | (5) |
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Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (3) |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (2) |
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Continuous versus Discrete Signal Processing |
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406 | (1) |
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407 | (2) |
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409 | (10) |
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410 | (4) |
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Sampling Rate Increase: Interpolation |
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414 | (3) |
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Rational Factor Sample Rate Alteration |
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417 | (2) |
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Fourier Transform of a Periodic Sequence |
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419 | (1) |
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Table of Discrete-Time Fourier Transforms |
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420 | (4) |
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Reconstruction of the Continuous-Time Signal |
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424 | (1) |
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Stability of a Linear System |
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425 | (1) |
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Table of Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Properties |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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Fourier Series and Transform Duality |
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426 | (3) |
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Discrete Fourier Transform |
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429 | (4) |
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433 | (1) |
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DFT of a Sinusoidal Signal |
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434 | (2) |
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Deducing the z-Transform from the DFT |
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436 | (2) |
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438 | (1) |
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Properties of DFS and DFT |
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439 | (4) |
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441 | (2) |
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443 | (2) |
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Circular Convolution Using the DFT |
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445 | (1) |
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446 | (1) |
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Table of Properties of DFS |
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447 | (1) |
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Shift in Time and Circular Shift |
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448 | (1) |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (3) |
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453 | (2) |
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455 | (7) |
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An Algorithm for a Wired-In Radix-2 Processor |
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462 | (4) |
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Post-Permutation Algorithm |
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464 | (1) |
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Ordered Input/Ordered Output (OIOO) Algorithm |
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465 | (1) |
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Factorization of the FFT to a Higher Radix |
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466 | (4) |
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Ordered Input/Ordered Output General Radix FFT Algorithm |
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469 | (1) |
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Feedback Elimination for High-Speed Signal Processing |
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470 | (2) |
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472 | (6) |
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Answers to Selected Problems |
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478 | (5) |
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483 | (60) |
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483 | (1) |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (4) |
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488 | (1) |
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System Response with Initial Conditions |
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489 | (1) |
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Jordan Canonical Form of State Space Model |
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490 | (7) |
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Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors |
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497 | (1) |
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498 | (1) |
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Similarity Transformation of a State Space Model |
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499 | (2) |
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Solution of the State Equations |
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501 | (6) |
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General Jordan Canonical Form |
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507 | (2) |
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Circuit Analysis by Laplace Transform and State Variables |
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509 | (4) |
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Trajectories of a Second Order System |
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513 | (2) |
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Second Order System Modeling |
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515 | (4) |
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Transformation of Trajectories between Planes |
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519 | (3) |
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522 | (6) |
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Solution of the State Equations |
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528 | (1) |
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528 | (1) |
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529 | (2) |
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Second Canonical Form State Space Model |
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531 | (2) |
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533 | (5) |
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Answers to Selected Problems |
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538 | (5) |
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Filters of Continuous-Time Domain |
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543 | (134) |
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543 | (1) |
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Butterworth Approximation |
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544 | (3) |
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Denormalization of Butterworth Filter Prototype |
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547 | (3) |
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Denormalized Transfer Function |
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550 | (2) |
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552 | (1) |
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Butterworth Filter Order Formula |
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553 | (1) |
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554 | (2) |
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556 | (4) |
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560 | (1) |
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Transfer Function of the Chebyshev Filter |
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560 | (3) |
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Maxima and Minima of Chebyshev Filter Response |
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563 | (1) |
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The Value of ε as a Function of Pass-Band Ripple |
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564 | (1) |
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Evaluation of Chebyshev Filter Gain |
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564 | (1) |
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565 | (2) |
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567 | (1) |
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Denormalization of Chebyshev Filter Prototype |
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568 | (3) |
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Chebyshev's Approximation: Second Form |
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571 | (1) |
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Response Decay of Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters |
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572 | (3) |
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Chebyshev Filter Nomograph |
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575 | (1) |
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576 | (1) |
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576 | (1) |
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Properties, Poles, and Zeros of the sn Function |
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577 | (7) |
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Elliptic Filter Approximation |
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580 | (4) |
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Pole Zero Alignment and Mapping of Elliptic Filter |
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584 | (5) |
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589 | (2) |
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591 | (1) |
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Zeros, Maxima and Minima of the Magnitude Spectrum |
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591 | (1) |
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591 | (1) |
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Elliptic Filter Nomograph |
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592 | (5) |
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597 | (2) |
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Tables of Elliptic Filters |
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599 | (12) |
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Bessel's Constant Delay Filters |
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611 | (1) |
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A Note on Continued Fraction Expansion |
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612 | (5) |
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Evaluating the Filter Delay |
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617 | (1) |
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Bessel Filter Quality Factor and Natural Frequency |
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|
618 | (1) |
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Maximal Flatness of Bessel and Butterworth Response |
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|
619 | (3) |
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Bessel Filter's Delay and Magnitude Response |
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622 | (1) |
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Denormalization and Deviation from Ideal Response |
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622 | (4) |
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Bessel Filter's Magnitude and Delay |
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626 | (1) |
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Bessel Filter's Butterworth Asymptotic Form |
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626 | (2) |
|
Delay of Bessel-Butterworth Asymptotic Form Filter |
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628 | (1) |
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Delay Plots of Butterworth Asymptotic Form Bessel Filter |
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|
629 | (4) |
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Bessel Filters Frequency Normalized Form |
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633 | (1) |
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Poles and Zeros of Asymptotic and Frequency Normalized Bessel Filter Forms |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
Response and Delay of Normalized Form Bessel Filter |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
Bessel Frequency Normalized Form Attenuation Setting |
|
|
635 | (4) |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
Frequency Transformations |
|
|
639 | (2) |
|
Lowpass to Bandpass Transformation |
|
|
641 | (10) |
|
Lowpass to Band-Stop Transformation |
|
|
651 | (2) |
|
Lowpass to Highpass Transformation |
|
|
653 | (4) |
|
Note on Lowpass to Normalized Band-Stop Transformation |
|
|
657 | (4) |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
Triangle (Barlett) Window |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
665 | (6) |
|
Answers to Selected Problems |
|
|
671 | (6) |
|
Passive and Active Filters |
|
|
677 | (56) |
|
Design of Passive Filters |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
Design of Passive Ladder Lowpass Filters |
|
|
677 | (3) |
|
Analysis of a General Order Passive Ladder Network |
|
|
680 | (3) |
|
Input Impedance of a Single-Resistance Terminated Network |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
Evaluation of the Ladder Network Components |
|
|
684 | (5) |
|
Matrix Evaluation of Input Impedance |
|
|
689 | (4) |
|
Bessel Filter Passive Ladder Networks |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
Tables of Single-Resistance Ladder Network Components |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
Design of Doubly Terminated Passive LC Ladder Networks |
|
|
695 | (6) |
|
Input Impedance Evaluation |
|
|
695 | (6) |
|
Tables of Double-Resistanc Terminated Ladder Network Components |
|
|
701 | (2) |
|
Closed Forms for Circuit Element Values |
|
|
703 | (3) |
|
Elliptic Filter Realization as a Passive Ladder Network |
|
|
706 | (3) |
|
Evaluating the Elliptic LC Ladder Circuit Elements |
|
|
707 | (2) |
|
Table of Elliptic Filter Passive Network Components |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
Element Replacement for Frequency Tranformation |
|
|
709 | (4) |
|
Lowpass to Bandpass Transformation |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
Lowpass to Highpas Transformation |
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
Lowpass to Band-Stop Transformation |
|
|
711 | (2) |
|
Realization of a General Order Active Filter |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
Biquadratic Transfer Functions |
|
|
714 | (2) |
|
General Biquad Realization |
|
|
716 | (5) |
|
First Order Filter Realization |
|
|
721 | (2) |
|
A Biquadratic Transfer Function Realization |
|
|
723 | (2) |
|
|
725 | (3) |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
Answers to Selected Problems |
|
|
729 | (4) |
|
|
733 | (102) |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
|
734 | (2) |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
Transposition of the Second Canonical Form |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
Structures Based on Poles and Zeros |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters |
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
|
741 | (2) |
|
Conversion of Continuous-Time to Discrete-Time Filter |
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
Impulse Invariance Appraoch |
|
|
743 | (3) |
|
Shortcut Impulse Invariance Design |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
Backward-Rectangular Approximation |
|
|
747 | (2) |
|
Forword Rectangular and Trapezoidal Approximations |
|
|
749 | (2) |
|
|
751 | (9) |
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
Finite Impuls Response All-Zero Lattice Structures |
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
|
761 | (1) |
|
|
762 | (2) |
|
General Order All-Zero FIR Filter |
|
|
764 | (5) |
|
|
769 | (1) |
|
First Order One-Pole Filter |
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
Second Order All-Pole Filter |
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
General Order All-Pole Filter |
|
|
772 | (3) |
|
Pole-Zero IIR Lattice Filter |
|
|
775 | (6) |
|
All-Pass Filter Realization |
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
Schur-Cohn Stability Criterion |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
Frequency Transformations |
|
|
783 | (3) |
|
Least Squares Digital Filter Design |
|
|
786 | (1) |
|
|
786 | (4) |
|
Error Minimization in Prony's Method |
|
|
790 | (4) |
|
FIR Inverse Filter Design |
|
|
794 | (4) |
|
Impulse Response of Ideal Filters |
|
|
798 | (2) |
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
|
801 | (1) |
|
Ideal Digital Filters Rectangular Window |
|
|
801 | (1) |
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
|
803 | (1) |
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
Comparison of Windows Spectral Parameters |
|
|
805 | (2) |
|
Linear-Phase FIR Filter Design Using Windows |
|
|
807 | (1) |
|
Even-and Odd-Symmetric FIR Filter Design |
|
|
808 | (2) |
|
Linear Phase FIR Filter Realization |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
|
810 | (4) |
|
Impulse Response Evaluation from Unit Circle Samples |
|
|
814 | (3) |
|
Odd Order, Even Symmetry, μ = 0 |
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
Odd Order, Even Symmetry, μ = 1/2 |
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
Even Order, Even Symmetry, μ = 1/2 |
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
Odd Order, Odd Symmetry, μ = 0 |
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
Odd Order, Odd Symmetry, μ = 1/2 |
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
Even Order, Odd Symmetry, μ = 0 |
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
Even Order, Odd Symmetry, μ = 1/2 |
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
|
817 | (11) |
|
Answers to Selected Problems |
|
|
828 | (7) |
|
Energy and Power Spectral Densities |
|
|
835 | (40) |
|
|
835 | (3) |
|
Average, Energy and Power of Continuous-Time Signals |
|
|
838 | (1) |
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
|
840 | (1) |
|
Autocorrelation of Energy Signals |
|
|
840 | (2) |
|
Energy Singal through Linear System |
|
|
842 | (1) |
|
Impulsive and Discrete-Time Energy Signals |
|
|
843 | (5) |
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
848 | (2) |
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
Power Spectrum Conversion of a Linear System |
|
|
850 | (2) |
|
Impulsive and Discrete-Time Power Signals |
|
|
852 | (2) |
|
|
854 | (2) |
|
Response of an LTI System to a Sinusoidal Input |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
Power Spectral Density of an Impulse Train |
|
|
856 | (3) |
|
Average, Energy and Power of a Sequence |
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
Energy Spectral Density of a Sequence |
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
Autocorrelation of an Energy Sequence |
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
Power Density of a Sequence |
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
Power Density of a Sequence |
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
|
861 | (8) |
|
Answers to Selected Problems |
|
|
869 | (6) |
|
Introduction to Communication Systems |
|
|
875 | (36) |
|
|
875 | (1) |
|
Amplitude Modulation (AM) of Continous-Time Signals |
|
|
876 | (7) |
|
Double Side-Band (DSB) Modulation |
|
|
876 | (1) |
|
Double Side-Band Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC) Modulation |
|
|
877 | (2) |
|
Single Side-Band (SSB) Modulation |
|
|
879 | (3) |
|
Vestigial Side-Band (VSB) Modulation |
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
|
883 | (4) |
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
Digital Communication Systems |
|
|
888 | (5) |
|
|
888 | (2) |
|
Pulse Duration Modulation |
|
|
890 | (2) |
|
Pulse Position Modulation |
|
|
892 | (1) |
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) |
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
|
894 | (10) |
|
Answers to Selected Problems |
|
|
904 | (7) |
|
Fourier-, Laplace- and z-Related Transforms |
|
|
911 | (62) |
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
Rademacher and Haar Functions |
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
The Walsh (Sequency) Order |
|
|
913 | (1) |
|
|
914 | (1) |
|
|
914 | (2) |
|
|
916 | (1) |
|
Discrete-Time Walsh Transform |
|
|
917 | (1) |
|
Discrete-Time Walsh-Hadamard Transform |
|
|
917 | (2) |
|
|
917 | (1) |
|
|
918 | (1) |
|
|
919 | (1) |
|
Natural (Hadamard) Order Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform |
|
|
919 | (1) |
|
Dyadic (Paley) Order Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform |
|
|
920 | (1) |
|
Sequency Ordered Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform |
|
|
921 | (1) |
|
Generalized Walsh Transform |
|
|
922 | (1) |
|
|
922 | (1) |
|
Generalized Sequency Order |
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
Generalzied Walsh-Paley (p-adic) Transform |
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
Generalized Walsh Factorizations for Parallel Processing |
|
|
924 | (1) |
|
Generalized Walsh Natural Order GWN Matrix |
|
|
924 | (1) |
|
Generlaized Walsh-Paley GWP Transformation Matrix |
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
GWK Transformation Matrix |
|
|
926 | (1) |
|
High Speed Optimal Generalized Walsh Factorizations |
|
|
926 | (1) |
|
GWN Optimal Factorization |
|
|
926 | (1) |
|
GWP Optimal Factorization |
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
GWK Optimal Factorization |
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
|
928 | (3) |
|
|
931 | (3) |
|
|
934 | (1) |
|
Discrete Hilbert Transform |
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
|
936 | (2) |
|
Discrete Hartley Transform |
|
|
938 | (1) |
|
|
939 | (2) |
|
|
941 | (2) |
|
|
943 | (2) |
|
|
945 | (1) |
|
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) |
|
|
946 | (2) |
|
Fractional Fourier Tranform |
|
|
948 | (2) |
|
Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform |
|
|
950 | (1) |
|
Two-Dimensional Transforms |
|
|
950 | (1) |
|
Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform |
|
|
951 | (2) |
|
Continuous-Time Domain Hilbert Transform Relations |
|
|
953 | (1) |
|
Hi (jw) versus HR (jw) with No Poles on Axis |
|
|
953 | (4) |
|
Case of Poles on the Imaginary Axis |
|
|
957 | (1) |
|
Hilbert Transform Closed Forms |
|
|
958 | (1) |
|
|
959 | (2) |
|
Discrete-Time Domain Hilbert Transform Relations |
|
|
961 | (3) |
|
|
964 | (3) |
|
Answers to Selected Problems |
|
|
967 | (6) |
|
Digital Signal Processors: Architecture, Logic Design |
|
|
973 | (132) |
|
|
973 | (1) |
|
Systems for the Representation of Representation of Numbers |
|
|
973 | (1) |
|
Conversion from Decimal to Binary |
|
|
974 | (1) |
|
Integers, Fractions and the Binary Point |
|
|
974 | (1) |
|
Representation of Negative Numbers |
|
|
975 | (3) |
|
Sign and Magnitude Notation |
|
|
975 | (1) |
|
1's and 2's Complement Notation |
|
|
976 | (2) |
|
Integer and Fractional Representation of Signed Numbers |
|
|
978 | (4) |
|
1's and 2's Complement of Signed Numbers |
|
|
979 | (3) |
|
|
982 | (4) |
|
Addition in Sign and Magnitude Notation |
|
|
982 | (2) |
|
Addition in 1's Complement Notation |
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
Addition in 2's Complement Notation |
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
|
986 | (4) |
|
Subtraction in Sign and Magnitude Notation |
|
|
987 | (1) |
|
Numbers in 1's Complement Notation |
|
|
988 | (1) |
|
Subtraction in 2's Complement Notation |
|
|
989 | (1) |
|
|
990 | (1) |
|
Addition/Subtraction Implementation in 2's Complement |
|
|
991 | (1) |
|
Controlled Add/Subtract (CAS) Cell |
|
|
992 | (1) |
|
Multiplication of Unsigned Numbers |
|
|
992 | (1) |
|
Multiplier Implementation |
|
|
993 | (2) |
|
|
995 | (5) |
|
Multiplication in Sign and Magnitude Notation |
|
|
997 | (1) |
|
Multiplication in 1's Complement Notation |
|
|
997 | (1) |
|
Numbers in 2's Complement Notation |
|
|
998 | (2) |
|
A Direct Approach to 2's Complement Multiplication |
|
|
1000 | (2) |
|
|
1002 | (7) |
|
Division of Positive Numbers |
|
|
1003 | (1) |
|
Division in Sign and Magnitude Notation |
|
|
1004 | (1) |
|
Division in 1's Complement |
|
|
1004 | (1) |
|
Division in 2's Complement |
|
|
1005 | (1) |
|
|
1006 | (3) |
|
Cellular Array for Nonrestoring Division |
|
|
1009 | (2) |
|
Carry Look Ahead (CLA) Cell |
|
|
1011 | (3) |
|
2's Complement Nonrestoring Division |
|
|
1014 | (2) |
|
|
1016 | (2) |
|
Evaluation of the nth Root |
|
|
1018 | (2) |
|
Function Generation by Chebyshev Series Expansion |
|
|
1020 | (6) |
|
An Alternative Approach to Chebyshev Series Expansion |
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
Floating Point Number Representation |
|
|
1027 | (3) |
|
|
1029 | (1) |
|
|
1029 | (1) |
|
|
1030 | (1) |
|
|
1030 | (3) |
|
The Paper and Pencil Method |
|
|
1030 | (1) |
|
Binary Square Root Evaluation |
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
Cellular Array for Nonrestoring Square Root Extraction |
|
|
1033 | (1) |
|
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Representation |
|
|
1033 | (4) |
|
|
1037 | (5) |
|
|
1038 | (2) |
|
The Trigger or T Flip-Flop |
|
|
1040 | (1) |
|
|
1040 | (1) |
|
|
1041 | (1) |
|
Design of Synchronous Sequential Circuits |
|
|
1042 | (4) |
|
Realization Using SR Flip-Flops |
|
|
1044 | (1) |
|
Realization Using JK Flip-Flops |
|
|
1045 | (1) |
|
Realization of a Counter Using T Flip-Flops |
|
|
1046 | (2) |
|
Realization Using JK Flip-Flops |
|
|
1046 | (2) |
|
|
1048 | (2) |
|
Asynchronous Sequential Machines |
|
|
1050 | (1) |
|
|
1051 | (3) |
|
Control Counter Design for Generator of Prime Numbers |
|
|
1054 | (5) |
|
Micro-operations and States |
|
|
1055 | (4) |
|
Fast Transform Processors |
|
|
1059 | (3) |
|
Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs) |
|
|
1062 | (1) |
|
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) |
|
|
1063 | (2) |
|
|
1065 | (2) |
|
Texas Instruments TMS320C6713B Floating-Point DSP |
|
|
1067 | (2) |
|
Central Processing Unit (CPU) |
|
|
1069 | (2) |
|
CPU Data Paths and Control |
|
|
1071 | (3) |
|
General-Purpose Register Files |
|
|
1071 | (1) |
|
|
1072 | (1) |
|
Register File Cross Paths |
|
|
1072 | (1) |
|
Memory, Load, and Store Paths |
|
|
1073 | (1) |
|
|
1073 | (1) |
|
|
1074 | (1) |
|
TMS320C6000 Control Register File |
|
|
1074 | (1) |
|
Addressing Mode Register (AMR) |
|
|
1075 | (1) |
|
|
1076 | (1) |
|
Syntax for Load/Store Address Generation |
|
|
1076 | (2) |
|
|
1077 | (1) |
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
|
1079 | (1) |
|
The Generated Assembly Code |
|
|
1080 | (7) |
|
Calling an Assembly Language Function |
|
|
1083 | (4) |
|
Fibonacci Series in C Calling Assembly-Language Function |
|
|
1087 | (1) |
|
Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter |
|
|
1087 | (1) |
|
Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filter on the DSP |
|
|
1088 | (4) |
|
Real-Time DSP Applications Using MATLAB-Simulink |
|
|
1092 | (2) |
|
Detailed Steps for DSP Programming in C++ and Simulink |
|
|
1094 | (4) |
|
Steps to Implement a C++ Program on the DSP Card |
|
|
1094 | (2) |
|
Steps to Implement a Simulink Program on the DSP Card |
|
|
1096 | (2) |
|
|
1098 | (3) |
|
Answers to Selected Problems |
|
|
1101 | (4) |
|
|
1105 | (76) |
|
Nonparametric Methods of Power Spectrum Estimation |
|
|
1108 | (1) |
|
Correlation of Continuous-Time Random Signals |
|
|
1109 | (1) |
|
Passage through an LTI System |
|
|
1110 | (3) |
|
Wiener Filtering in Continuous-Time Domain |
|
|
1113 | (3) |
|
|
1116 | (2) |
|
|
1118 | (1) |
|
From Statistical to Time Averages |
|
|
1119 | (1) |
|
Correlation and Covariance in z-Domain |
|
|
1120 | (1) |
|
Random Signal Passage through an LTI System |
|
|
1121 | (3) |
|
PSD Estimation of Discrete-Time Random Sequences |
|
|
1124 | (4) |
|
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Evaluation of the Periodogram |
|
|
1128 | (3) |
|
Parametric Methods for PSD Estimation |
|
|
1131 | (1) |
|
The Yule-Walker Equations |
|
|
1132 | (2) |
|
System Modeling for Linear Prediction, Adaptive Filtering and Spectrum Estimation |
|
|
1134 | (1) |
|
Wiener and Least-Squares Models |
|
|
1134 | (1) |
|
|
1135 | (3) |
|
|
1138 | (1) |
|
Forward Linear Prediction |
|
|
1138 | (2) |
|
Backward Linear Prediction |
|
|
1140 | (3) |
|
Lattice MA FIR Filter Realization |
|
|
1143 | (3) |
|
|
1146 | (1) |
|
|
1146 | (1) |
|
Power Spectrum Estimation |
|
|
1147 | (1) |
|
FIR Wiener Filtering of Noisy Signals |
|
|
1148 | (3) |
|
Two-Sided IIR Wiener Filtering |
|
|
1151 | (1) |
|
|
1152 | (2) |
|
|
1154 | (3) |
|
Discrete Wavelet Transform |
|
|
1157 | (7) |
|
Important Signal Processing MATLAB Functions |
|
|
1164 | (3) |
|
|
1167 | (1) |
|
|
1168 | (1) |
|
|
1169 | (1) |
|
|
1170 | (1) |
|
|
1170 | (3) |
|
|
1173 | (1) |
|
Power Spectrum Estimation Using MATLAB |
|
|
1174 | (1) |
|
Parametric Modeling Functions |
|
|
1174 | (1) |
|
|
1175 | (1) |
|
|
1176 | (3) |
|
Answers to Selected Problems |
|
|
1179 | (2) |
|
|
1181 | (44) |
|
|
1181 | (1) |
|
Distributions as Generalizations of Functions |
|
|
1181 | (1) |
|
|
1182 | (2) |
|
The Impulse as the Limit of a Sequence |
|
|
1184 | (1) |
|
Properties of Distributions |
|
|
1184 | (3) |
|
|
1184 | (1) |
|
|
1185 | (1) |
|
|
1185 | (1) |
|
Product with an Ordinary Function |
|
|
1186 | (1) |
|
|
1186 | (1) |
|
|
1187 | (1) |
|
Multiplication Times an Ordinary Function |
|
|
1187 | (1) |
|
Sequence of Distributions |
|
|
1187 | (1) |
|
Approximating the Impulse |
|
|
1187 | (3) |
|
Other Approximating Sequences and Functions of the Impulse |
|
|
1190 | (1) |
|
|
1191 | (1) |
|
|
1192 | (1) |
|
Multiplication by an Impulse Derivative |
|
|
1193 | (2) |
|
The Dirac-Delta Impulse as a Limit of a Gaussian Function |
|
|
1195 | (1) |
|
Fourier Transform of Unity |
|
|
1196 | (1) |
|
|
1196 | (3) |
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
Some Properties of the Dirac-Delta Impulse |
|
|
1200 | (1) |
|
Additional Fourier Transforms |
|
|
1201 | (1) |
|
|
1201 | (1) |
|
|
1202 | (2) |
|
Fourier Transform of Higher Impulse Derivatives |
|
|
1204 | (1) |
|
|
1204 | (2) |
|
Initial Derivatives of the Transform |
|
|
1206 | (1) |
|
The Unit Step Function as a Limit |
|
|
1207 | (1) |
|
Inverse Fourier Transform and Gibbs Phenomenon |
|
|
1208 | (4) |
|
|
1212 | (1) |
|
Transforms of |t| and tu(t) |
|
|
1213 | (1) |
|
The Impulse Train as a Limit |
|
|
1214 | (2) |
|
Sequence of Distributions |
|
|
1216 | (2) |
|
Poisson's Summation Formula |
|
|
1218 | (1) |
|
|
1219 | (1) |
|
|
1220 | (2) |
|
Answers to Selected Problems |
|
|
1222 | (3) |
|
Generalization of Distributions Theory, Extending Laplace-, z-and Fourier-Related Transforms |
|
|
1225 | (32) |
|
|
1225 | (1) |
|
|
1225 | (1) |
|
Generalized Distributions for Continuous-Time Functions |
|
|
1226 | (2) |
|
Properties of Generalized Distributions in s Domain |
|
|
1226 | (1) |
|
|
1226 | (1) |
|
|
1226 | (1) |
|
|
1227 | (1) |
|
|
1227 | (1) |
|
|
1227 | (1) |
|
Multiplication of Derivative by an Ordinary Function |
|
|
1228 | (1) |
|
Properties of the Generalized Impulse in s Domain |
|
|
1228 | (2) |
|
Shifted Generalized Impulse |
|
|
1228 | (1) |
|
|
1228 | (1) |
|
|
1228 | (1) |
|
Convolution with an Ordinary Function |
|
|
1229 | (1) |
|
Multiplication of an Impulse Times an Ordinary Function |
|
|
1230 | (1) |
|
Multiplication by Higher Derivatives of the Impulse |
|
|
1230 | (1) |
|
Additional Generalized Impulse Properties |
|
|
1230 | (2) |
|
Generalized Impulse as a Limit of a Three-Dimensional Sequence |
|
|
1232 | (2) |
|
|
1234 | (1) |
|
3-D Test Function as a Possible Generalization |
|
|
1235 | (2) |
|
Properties of Generalized Distributions in z-Domain |
|
|
1235 | (1) |
|
|
1236 | (1) |
|
|
1236 | (1) |
|
|
1236 | (1) |
|
|
1237 | (1) |
|
Properties of the Generalized Impulse in z-Domain |
|
|
1237 | (1) |
|
|
1237 | (1) |
|
Generalized Impulse as Limit of a 3-D Sequence |
|
|
1238 | (4) |
|
Convolution of Generalized Impulses |
|
|
1240 | (1) |
|
Convolution with an Ordinary Function |
|
|
1241 | (1) |
|
Extended Laplace and z-Transforms |
|
|
1242 | (1) |
|
Generalization of Fourier-, Laplace- and z-Related Transforms |
|
|
1242 | (3) |
|
Hilbert Transform Generalization |
|
|
1245 | (2) |
|
Generalizing the Discrete Hilbert Transform |
|
|
1247 | (1) |
|
Generalized Hartley Transform |
|
|
1247 | (1) |
|
Generalized Discrete Hartley Transform |
|
|
1248 | (1) |
|
Generalization of the Mellin Transform |
|
|
1249 | (2) |
|
Multidimensional Signals and the Solution of Differntial Equations |
|
|
1251 | (3) |
|
|
1254 | (1) |
|
Answers to Selected Problems |
|
|
1255 | (2) |
|
|
1257 | (46) |
|
|
1257 | (1) |
|
Frequently Needed Expansions |
|
|
1257 | (2) |
|
Important Trigonometric Relations |
|
|
1259 | (1) |
|
|
1259 | (1) |
|
Frequently Encountered Functions |
|
|
1260 | (1) |
|
|
1260 | (1) |
|
Frequently Encountered Series Sums |
|
|
1261 | (1) |
|
Biographies of Pioneering Scientists |
|
|
1262 | (1) |
|
|
1262 | (2) |
|
Ptolemy (circa 90-168 AD) |
|
|
1264 | (1) |
|
|
1265 | (1) |
|
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi (780-850 AD) |
|
|
1266 | (3) |
|
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) |
|
|
1269 | (3) |
|
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) |
|
|
1272 | (2) |
|
Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) |
|
|
1274 | (4) |
|
Guillaume-Francois-Antoine de L'Hopital (1661-1704) |
|
|
1278 | (1) |
|
Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827) |
|
|
1279 | (2) |
|
Gaspard Clair Francois Marie, Baron Riche de Prony (1755-1839) |
|
|
1281 | (4) |
|
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830) |
|
|
1285 | (4) |
|
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) |
|
|
1289 | (1) |
|
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784-1846) |
|
|
1290 | (2) |
|
Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857) |
|
|
1292 | (3) |
|
Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829) |
|
|
1295 | (2) |
|
Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805-1859) |
|
|
1297 | (1) |
|
Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821-1894) |
|
|
1298 | (2) |
|
|
1300 | (3) |
References |
|
1303 | (4) |
Index |
|
1307 | |