|
|
1 | (16) |
|
|
3 | (4) |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
How About Just Playing with the System? |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Sometimes You Can't (or Shouldn't) Play with the System |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Logical (or Mathematical) Models |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
What Do You Do with a Logical Model? |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (3) |
|
Popularity and Advantages |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
Different Kinds of Simulations |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
10 | (4) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Programming in General-Purpose Languages |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
When Simulations Are Used |
|
|
14 | (3) |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
15 | (2) |
|
Fundamental Simulation Concepts |
|
|
17 | (30) |
|
|
19 | (3) |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
Pieces of a Simulation Model |
|
|
24 | (5) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
Event-Driven Hand Simulation |
|
|
29 | (7) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
|
32 | (4) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
Event- and Process-Oriented Simulation |
|
|
36 | (2) |
|
|
38 | (4) |
|
Random Input, Random Output |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
Overview of a Simulation Study |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (4) |
|
A Guided Tour Through Arena |
|
|
47 | (54) |
|
|
49 | (2) |
|
Exploring the Arena Window |
|
|
51 | (6) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
Basic Interaction and Pieces of the Arena Window |
|
|
51 | (3) |
|
Moving Around and Up and Down in the Flowchart View |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Internal Model Documentation |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
Browsing Through an Existing Model: Model 3-1 |
|
|
57 | (18) |
|
The Create Flowchart Module |
|
|
57 | (2) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
The Process Flowchart Module |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
Animating Resources and Queues |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
The Dispose Flowchart Module |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Connecting Flowchart Modules |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
65 | (2) |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
Setting the Run Conditions |
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
|
69 | (6) |
|
Building Model 3-1 Yourself |
|
|
75 | (9) |
|
New Model Window and Basic Process Panel |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Place and Connect the Flowchart Modules |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
The Create Flowchart Module |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
The Process Flowchart Module |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
The Resource and Queue Data Modules |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
The Dispose Flowchart Module |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (3) |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
The Run > Setup Dialog Boxes |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
More on Menus, Toolbars, Drawing, and Printing |
|
|
84 | (9) |
|
|
84 | (4) |
|
|
88 | (3) |
|
|
91 | (2) |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
96 | (5) |
|
Modeling Basic Operations and Inputs |
|
|
101 | (74) |
|
Model 4-1: An Electronic Assembly and Test System |
|
|
103 | (17) |
|
Developing a Modeling Approach |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
105 | (11) |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
Model 4-2: The Enhanced Electronic Assembly and Test System |
|
|
120 | (15) |
|
Expanding Resource Representation: Schedules and States |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (4) |
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
|
128 | (3) |
|
|
131 | (4) |
|
Model 4-3: Enhancing the Animation |
|
|
135 | (9) |
|
Changing Animation Queues |
|
|
136 | (2) |
|
|
138 | (2) |
|
|
140 | (2) |
|
Adding Variables and Plots |
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
Model 4-4: The Electronic Assembly and Test System with Part Transfers |
|
|
144 | (8) |
|
Some New Arena Concepts: Stations and Transfers |
|
|
144 | (2) |
|
|
146 | (3) |
|
|
149 | (3) |
|
Input Analysis: Specifying Model Parameters and Distributions |
|
|
152 | (16) |
|
Deterministic vs. Random Inputs |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
Fitting Input Distributions via the Input Analyzer |
|
|
156 | (8) |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
Nonstationary Arrival Processes |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
Multivariate and Correlated Input Data |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (7) |
|
Modeling Detailed Operations |
|
|
175 | (80) |
|
Model 5-1: An Automotive Maintenance and Repair Shop |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (5) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Variables and Expressions |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
Terminating or Steady-State |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (24) |
|
|
186 | (6) |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
Generate Appointment Calls |
|
|
193 | (5) |
|
|
198 | (3) |
|
|
201 | (4) |
|
Update Performance Variables |
|
|
205 | (3) |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Finding and Fixing Model Errors |
|
|
209 | (9) |
|
Animating the Automotive Shop Model |
|
|
218 | (5) |
|
Model 5-2: Enhancing the Automotive Shop Model |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
New Modeling Issues for Model 5-2 |
|
|
223 | (3) |
|
|
223 | (2) |
|
Nonstationary Arrival Process |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
226 | (7) |
|
Modeling the Service Bays |
|
|
226 | (2) |
|
Modeling the Customer Arrivals |
|
|
228 | (5) |
|
Model 5-3: An (s, S) Inventory Simulation |
|
|
233 | (14) |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
|
235 | (12) |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
247 | (8) |
|
Statistical Analysis of Output from Terminating Simulations |
|
|
255 | (28) |
|
Time Frame of Simulations |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Strategy for Data Collection and Analysis |
|
|
258 | (2) |
|
Confidence Intervals for Terminating Systems |
|
|
260 | (5) |
|
Comparing Two Alternatives |
|
|
265 | (3) |
|
Evaluating Many Alternatives with the Process Analyzer (PAN) |
|
|
268 | (7) |
|
Searching for an Optimal Alternative with OptQuest |
|
|
275 | (3) |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
279 | (4) |
|
Intermediate Modeling and Steady-State Statistical Analysis |
|
|
283 | (36) |
|
Model 7-1: A Small Manufacturing System |
|
|
285 | (19) |
|
|
286 | (2) |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
289 | (2) |
|
|
291 | (7) |
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
|
300 | (4) |
|
Statistical Analysis of Output from Steady-State Simulations |
|
|
304 | (9) |
|
|
304 | (4) |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
309 | (3) |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Other Methods and Goals for Steady-State Statistical Analysis |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
313 | (6) |
|
|
319 | (34) |
|
Types of Entity Transfers |
|
|
321 | (2) |
|
Model 8-1: The Small Manufacturing System with Resource-Constrained Transfers |
|
|
323 | (4) |
|
The Small Manufacturing System with Transporters |
|
|
327 | (14) |
|
Model 8-2: The Modified Model 8-1 for Transporters |
|
|
328 | (7) |
|
Model 8-3: Refining the Animation for Transporters |
|
|
335 | (6) |
|
|
341 | (9) |
|
Model 8-4: The Small Manufacturing System with Nonaccumulating Conveyors |
|
|
344 | (5) |
|
Model 8-5: The Small Manufacturing System with Accumulating Conveyors |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (3) |
|
A Sampler of Further Modeling Issues and Techniques |
|
|
353 | (46) |
|
Modeling Conveyors Using the Advanced Transfer Panel |
|
|
355 | (6) |
|
Model 9-1: Finite Buffers at Stations |
|
|
356 | (4) |
|
Model 9-2: Parts Stay on Conveyor During Processing |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
363 | (8) |
|
Entity Balking and Reneging |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Model 9-3: A Service Model with Balking and Reneging |
|
|
363 | (8) |
|
Holding and Batching Entities |
|
|
371 | (7) |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Model 9-4: A Batching Process Example |
|
|
372 | (6) |
|
|
378 | (12) |
|
|
378 | (2) |
|
Model 9-5: A Tightly Coupled Production System |
|
|
380 | (7) |
|
Model 9-6: Adding Part-Status Statistics |
|
|
387 | (3) |
|
A Few Miscellaneous Modeling Issues |
|
|
390 | (2) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
390 | (2) |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
392 | (7) |
|
Arena Integration and Customization |
|
|
399 | (58) |
|
Model 10-1: Reading and Writing Data Files |
|
|
401 | (17) |
|
Model 10-2: Reading Entity Arrivals from a Text File |
|
|
403 | (4) |
|
Model 10-3 and Model 10-4: Reading and Writing Access and Excel Files |
|
|
407 | (8) |
|
Advanced Reading and Writing |
|
|
415 | (3) |
|
|
418 | (12) |
|
Overview of ActiveX Automation and VBA |
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
Built-in Arena VBA Events |
|
|
420 | (4) |
|
|
424 | (3) |
|
|
427 | (3) |
|
Model 10-5: Presenting Arrival Choices to the User |
|
|
430 | (11) |
|
Modifying the Creation Logic |
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
Designing the VBA UserForm |
|
|
432 | (2) |
|
Displaying the Form and Setting Model Data |
|
|
434 | (7) |
|
Model 10-6: Recording and Charting Model Results in Microsoft Excel |
|
|
441 | (7) |
|
Setting Up Excel at the Beginning of the Run |
|
|
442 | (3) |
|
Storing Individual Call Data Using the VBA Module |
|
|
445 | (2) |
|
Charting the Results and Cleaning Up at the End of the Run |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Creating Modules Using the Arena Professional Edition: Template 10-1 |
|
|
448 | (7) |
|
The Create from File Module |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
The Template Source File: Template 10-01.tpl |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
The Panel Icon and User View |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
The Module Logic and Operands |
|
|
451 | (3) |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Continuous and Combined Discrete/Continuous Models |
|
|
457 | (38) |
|
Modeling Simple Discrete/Continuous Systems |
|
|
460 | (7) |
|
Model 11-1: A Simple Continuous System |
|
|
460 | (3) |
|
Model 11-2: Interfacing Continuous and Discrete Logic |
|
|
463 | (4) |
|
Model 11-3: A Coal-Loading Operation |
|
|
467 | (14) |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
|
471 | (10) |
|
Continuous State-Change Systems |
|
|
481 | (9) |
|
Model 11-4: A Soaking-Pit Furnace |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Modeling Continuously Changing Rates |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Arena's Approach for Solving Differential Equations |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (4) |
|
Defining the Differential Equations Using VBA |
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (4) |
|
Further Statistical Issues |
|
|
495 | (32) |
|
|
497 | (6) |
|
Generating Random Variates |
|
|
503 | (4) |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
|
505 | (2) |
|
Nonstationary Poisson Processes |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (9) |
|
|
509 | (6) |
|
|
515 | (2) |
|
|
517 | (7) |
|
|
517 | (5) |
|
|
522 | (2) |
|
Designing and Executing Simulation Experiments |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
524 | (3) |
|
Conducting Simulation Studies |
|
|
527 | (20) |
|
A Successful Simulation Study |
|
|
529 | (3) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
System and Simulation Specification |
|
|
534 | (4) |
|
Model Formulation and Construction |
|
|
538 | (2) |
|
Verification and Validation |
|
|
540 | (3) |
|
Experimentation and Analysis |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
Presenting and Preserving the Results |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
545 | (2) |
|
Appendix A: A Functional Specification for The Washington Post |
|
|
547 | (16) |
|
|
549 | (2) |
|
A.1.1 Document Organization |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
A.1.2 Simulation Objectives |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
A.1.3 Purpose of the Functional Specification |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
A.1.5 Hardware and Software Requirements |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
A.2 System Description and Modeling Approach |
|
|
551 | (6) |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
551 | (2) |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
A.2.4 Press Packaging Lines |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
A.2.9 Manual Insertion Process |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
A.4 Summary of Input and Output |
|
|
557 | (3) |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
558 | (2) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
A.5.1 Simulation Model Documentation |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (3) |
|
Appendix B: IIE/RS Contest Problems |
|
|
563 | (34) |
|
B.1 First Annual Contest: The SM Superstore |
|
|
565 | (2) |
|
B.2 Second Annual Contest: The SM Market |
|
|
567 | (3) |
|
B.3 Third Annual Contest: Sally Model's SM Pizza Shop |
|
|
570 | (4) |
|
B.4 Fourth Annual Contest: SM Office Repair |
|
|
574 | (2) |
|
B.5 Fifth Annual Contest: SM Rental |
|
|
576 | (3) |
|
Sixth Annual Contest: SM Theme Parks |
|
|
579 | (4) |
|
Seventh Annual Contest: SM Testing |
|
|
583 | (6) |
|
Eighth Annual Contest: SM Travel |
|
|
589 | (4) |
|
Ninth Annual Contest: SM Electronics |
|
|
593 | (4) |
|
Appendix C: A Refresher on Probability and Statistics |
|
|
597 | (20) |
|
|
599 | (2) |
|
|
601 | (8) |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
C.2.4 Joint Distributions, Covariance, Correlation, and Independence |
|
|
606 | (3) |
|
C.3 Sampling and Sampling Distributions |
|
|
609 | (2) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (2) |
|
|
613 | (2) |
|
|
615 | (2) |
|
Appendix D: Arena's Probability Distributions |
|
|
617 | (18) |
|
Arena's Probability Distributions |
|
|
619 | (2) |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
622 | (2) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
Appendix E: Academic Software Installation Instructions |
|
|
635 | (4) |
|
E.1 Authorization to Copy Software |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
E.2 Installing the Arena Software |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
638 | (1) |
References |
|
639 | (6) |
Index |
|
645 | |