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El. knyga: Slope Safety Preparedness for Impact of Climate Change

Edited by (Seconda Universita di Napoli, Aversa, Italy), Edited by , Edited by
  • Formatas: 590 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Jun-2017
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781315387765
  • Formatas: 590 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Jun-2017
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781315387765

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Many countries are increasingly threatened by major landslide disasters and fatalities due to extreme weather events which have major implications for public safety and the sustainability of infrastructure and the built environment. A further increase in such a trend could come from climate change.

This book helps to fill in the gap due to the fact that landslide hazards are commonly not covered under the policy debate on climate change. The book highlights the importance of raising awareness to the challenges of landslide hazards due to climate impact. It provides a holistic frame for understanding the key issues and new tools that could be used to assess and manage the landslide risks.

The book gathers contributions from 21 countries and regions in the form of national reports or summaries with respect to four key aspects: a) the methods used for evaluating changing weather and changing landslide patterns; b) the changing weather patterns; c) the changing landslide patterns and hazard scenarios; d) the applications to risk management and the formulation of adaptation measures.

Recommendations are made for enhanced preparedness and resilience. Improved crisis management and areas for future work are suggested.

Recenzijos

"It gives me great pleasure to write this note in support of this excellent volume on the topic of the impact of climate change on landslides. [ ] I can assure you that this book will be on my shelf as soon as it comes out."

Jean-Louis Briaud, President of FedIGS, Federation of International Geo-engineering Societies, and Distinguished Professor at Texas A&M University

"The editors of this volume compile current views from around the world about the impact of climate change on landslide frequency and strength. Organized into 14 chapters, the work specifically provides 13 reports that represent 17 worldwide regions. These reports identify the impact of climate change on rainfall and related weather patterns, slope instability and landslide risk, and engineered slope design. They examine the variations in landslide risk management and adaptation actions while noting that more research is necessary. Although the actual content in each chapter deviates somewhat from this general framework, each one is fairly thorough in its regional analysis. With an in-depth summary in chapter 1, the editors provide coherence and context to the reports by comparing and contrasting their content. The editors identify key findings and discuss the science of climate modeling and landslide prediction, the projected range of landslide frequency and magnitude, landslide risk management, and the need for more research. A substantial number of quality figures and tables support the text, and each chapter is well referenced. A thorough index is also included.

Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above; faculty and professionals."

J. B. Huffman, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point in: Choice Connect, September 2017 issue

Foreword xv
Preface xvii
1 Preparedness for climate change impact on slope safety
1(44)
K.K.S. Ho
S. Lacasse
L. Picarelli
Abstract
1(1)
1.1 JTC1 initiative on climate change impact on slope safety
2(1)
1.2 Key findings of different countries/regions
3(1)
1.3 Prediction of changing weather pattern
4(3)
1.3.1 Methodology
5(1)
1.3.2 Predictions and uncertainties
6(1)
1.3.3 Potential landslide risk and current climate models
6(1)
1.4 Changing landslide pattern under changing climate
7(12)
1.4.1 Types of landslides
8(1)
1.4.2 Key climate change factors
8(1)
1.4.3 Issues hampering understanding of climate change impact on landslide occurrence
9(1)
1.4.4 What is an extreme event?
9(1)
1.4.5 Extreme weather events
10(1)
1.4.6 Extreme landslide scenarios
10(1)
1.4.7 Approaches to quantify impact of climate change on slope safety
11(1)
1.4.7.1 Mechanics-based models
12(1)
1.4.7.2 Systems-based scenario assessment
12(1)
1.4.7.3 Key findings from scenario-based assessments
13(1)
1.4.7.4 Stress testing
14(2)
1.4.8 Does climate change need to be a priority in landslide risk assessment?
16(1)
1.4.8.1 Safeland project
17(1)
1.4.8.2 CHANGES Project
18(1)
1.5 Landslide risk management
19(7)
1.5.1 Quantifying the uncertainties
19(1)
1.5.2 Insights from scenario-based assessments
20(1)
1.5.3 Managing extreme weather events
21(1)
1.5.4 Institutional issues and addressing the policy gap
22(1)
1.5.5 Application of improved technology and methods
23(1)
1.5.6 National and international cooperation
24(1)
1.5.7 Coordination with flood risk management experts
24(1)
1.5.8 Enhanced communication
25(1)
1.5.9 Formulating strategies for a way forward
25(1)
1.6 Emerging needs
26(1)
1.6.1 Need for more geotechnical research
26(1)
1.6.2 Enhanced emergency preparedness for extreme weather events
27(1)
1.7 Conclusions
27(18)
Acknowledgements
29(1)
References
29(2)
Annex A
31(12)
Country/Region Reports
43(2)
2 Technical report on landslide related disasters in Brazil
45(26)
W.A. Lacerda
A.L. Coelho Netto
A.M. Sato
2.1 Introduction
45(1)
2.2 Rainfall variability over space and time
46(2)
2.3 Relation between rainfall and landslides
48(4)
2.4 Landslide disasters study cases
52(19)
References
68(3)
3 Potential impacts of climate change on landslides occurrence in Canada
71(34)
C. Cloutier
J. Locat
M. Geertsema
M. Jakob
M. Schnorbus
3.1 Introduction
71(5)
3.2 Climate change projections in the context of slope stability
76(4)
3.2.1 Climate change - background
76(1)
3.2.2 Temperature
77(1)
3.2.3 Precipitation
78(1)
3.2.4 Hydrology
78(2)
3.3 Illustration of potential impacts of climate change on slope stability
80(2)
3.4 Landslide response to warming
82(10)
3.4.1 Glacial conditioning
82(5)
3.4.2 Permafrost degradation and landslides
87(2)
3.4.3 Ice cover reduction, coastal erosion and landsliding
89(3)
3.5 Landslide response to increased precipitation
92(3)
3.5.1 Rapid response landslides
92(2)
3.5.2 Delayed response landslides
94(1)
3.6 Concluding remarks
95(10)
3.6.1 The current situation
96(1)
3.6.2 Downscaling the climatic models
96(1)
3.6.3 Relative impacts of human activities
97(1)
3.6.4 Adaptation and mitigation
97(1)
Acknowledgements
98(1)
References
98(7)
4 Enhancing slope safety preparedness for extreme rainfall and potential climate change impacts in Hong Kong
105(46)
K.K.S. Ho
H.W. Sun
A.C.W. Wong
C.F. Yam
S.M. Lee
Abstract
105(1)
4.1 Introduction
105(1)
4.2 Evolvement of slope safety system up to 2008
106(3)
4.3 The severe rainstorm in June 2008
109(3)
4.4 Consideration of extreme rainfall events
112(23)
4.4.1 Climate change and rainfall studies
113(1)
4.4.1.1 Globally observed changes in extreme rainfall and future projections
113(1)
4.4.2 Observed changes in extreme rainfall over China and future projections
114(1)
4.4.3 Observed changes in extreme rainfall in Hong Kong
115(2)
4.4.4 Downscaling strategy in climate projection
117(1)
4.4.5 Rainfall projections for Hong Kong in the 21st century
118(1)
4.4.6 Recent update of Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) estimate for Hong Kong
118(4)
4.4.7 Geological evidence on relationship between landslide activity and climate change
122(2)
4.4.8 Landslide patterns corresponding to extreme rainfall
124(1)
4.4.9 Rainfall-landslide correlations for man-made slopes
124(2)
4.4.10 Rainfall-landslide correlations for natural hillsides
126(1)
4.4.11 Extreme rainfall scenarios
127(2)
4.4.12 Change in landslide portfolio with development of extreme rainfall
129(1)
4.4.13 Assessment of extreme landslide scenarios
129(2)
4.4.14 Impact of Level-1 extreme rainfall
131(1)
4.4.15 Impact of Level-2 extreme rainfall based on 85%/90% PMP1999
132(1)
4.4.16 Impact of Level-2 extreme rainfall based on transposition of Typhoon Morakot to Hong Kong with climate change effect projected to the end of 21st century
132(1)
4.4.17 Landslide risk due to extreme rainfall and climate change
133(1)
4.4.18 Evaluating the capacity of landslide emergency management system
134(1)
4.5 Adaptation strategies for managing extreme landslide events
135(6)
4.5.1 Promulgate enhanced technical guidance and promote more robust mitigation measures
136(1)
4.5.2 Low-frequency, large-magnitude landslides
137(1)
4.5.3 Systematic implementation of mitigation measures on existing features posing highest risks to community
138(1)
4.5.4 Improving crisis preparedness
138(1)
4.5.5 Enhancing and streamlining landslide emergency services
139(1)
4.5.6 Enhancing landslide warning system
140(1)
4.5.7 Enhancing coordination of Government emergency services
140(1)
4.6 Further work
141(2)
4.6.1 Strengthening and streamlining existing landslide emergency system
141(1)
4.6.2 Need to consider concurrent multiple hazard scenarios
142(1)
4.6.3 New strategy for landslide emergency management under extreme rainfall condition
142(1)
4.7 Other initiatives
143(1)
4.8 Discussion and conclusions
144(7)
Acknowledgements
146(1)
References
146(5)
5 Potential climate changes in Italy and consequences for land stability
151(48)
L. Picarelli
L. Comegna
S.L. Gariano
F. Guzzetti
P. Mercogliano
G. Rianna
M. Santini
P. Tommasi
Abstract
151(1)
5.1 Foreword
152(1)
5.2 Present and future climate trends in Italy
152(8)
5.2.1 Weather in Italy
152(1)
5.2.2 Evidence of climate changes in atmospheric patterns in Italy
153(4)
5.2.3 Climate change scenarios in Italy
157(3)
5.3 Influence of weather on landsliding in Italy
160(9)
5.3.1 Rock failures on cliffs and steep rock slopes
161(1)
5.3.2 Slow rock slides
162(1)
5.3.3 Rapid shallow slides and flowslides in coarse-grained soils
163(2)
5.3.4 Rapid shallow slides in cohesive soils
165(1)
5.3.5 Slow to very slow translational slides in cohesive soils
165(2)
5.3.6 Earthflows
167(2)
5.4 Effects of the expected climate change
169(13)
5.4.1 Modelling chains
169(1)
5.4.2 Examples
170(1)
5.4.2.1 Considered case histories
170(4)
5.4.2.2 Climate modelling performance and potential future slope behaviour
174(3)
5.4.2.3 Evaluation of the potential effects of climate changes in Orvieto and Cervinara areas
177(2)
5.4.3 Further considerations on the potential effects of climate changes on the hydrological slope response
179(3)
5.5 Landslide risk and implications for mitigation and adaptation strategies
182(7)
5.5.1 Expected variations in landslide risk due to climatic and environmental changes
185(2)
5.5.2 General remarks
187(1)
5.5.3 Recommendations
188(1)
5.6 Conclusions
189(10)
References
190(9)
6 Global warming and landslide disaster: evidence from Japan
199(16)
G. Wang
I. Towhata
Abstract
199(1)
6.1 Introduction
199(1)
6.2 Precipitation over Japan
200(2)
6.3 Landslides in Japan
202(7)
6.3.1 Deep-seated landslides in Kii Peninsula triggered by Typhoon Talas in 2011
203(1)
6.3.2 Landslides in Oshima triggered by Typhoon Wipha in 2013
204(1)
6.3.3 Landslides in Hiroshima triggered by heavy rainfall in 2014
205(4)
6.4 On long-term variation in frequency of flooding
209(2)
6.5 Conclusions
211(4)
References
212(3)
7 Landslide risk management in Norway
215(38)
B. Kalsnes
F. Nadim
R.L. Hermanns
H.O. Hygen
G. Petkovic
B.K. Dolva
H. Berg
D.O. Hogvold
Abstract
215(1)
7.1 Introduction
216(2)
7.2 Landslide hazard and risk in Norway
218(11)
7.2.1 General situation, major landslides
218(3)
7.2.2 Catastrophic rock slope failures and displacement waves
221(1)
7.2.2.1 Case: the 1934 Tafjord disaster
222(1)
7.2.3 Water-triggered landslides
223(2)
7.2.3.1 Case 1: Kvam 2011/2013
225(1)
7.2.3.2 Case 2: Byneset 2012
225(1)
7.2.3.3 Case 3: Southeast Norway 2000 (Jaedicke et al., 2008b)
226(1)
7.2.4 Landslides triggered by human activities
227(2)
7.3 Climate and demographical changes in the coming years
229(4)
7.3.1 General research on climate change in Norway
229(1)
7.3.2 Changes in weather patterns in the context of slope stability
230(1)
7.3.3 Changes in demography and infrastructure
231(2)
7.4 Landslide risk assessment and management in a changing climate
233(8)
7.4.1 State-of-the-art landslide risk assessment methodologies in use
233(1)
7.4.2 Research
234(1)
7.4.2.1 Climate and transport
235(2)
7.4.2.2 GeoExtreme (Jaedicke et al., 2008a)
237(1)
7.4.2.3 InfraRisk (NGI, 2013)
238(1)
7.4.2.4 SafeLand (Nadim and Kalsnes, 2014)
238(2)
7.4.2.5 MATRIX
240(1)
7.4.2.6 NIFS
240(1)
7.5 Regulation and policy issues
241(4)
7.5.1 Institutional framework
241(2)
7.5.2 Role of municipalities
243(1)
7.5.3 Legal framework
243(1)
7.5.4 Mapping of landslide hazards
244(1)
7.5.5 Land use planning
244(1)
7.5.6 Protection measures
245(1)
7.6 Crisis preparedness
245(4)
7.6.1 Emergency preparedness
245(1)
7.6.2 Regional early warning service for landslides
246(1)
7.6.3 Early warning service - large rockslides
247(2)
7.6.4 Quick clay slides in a city
249(1)
7.7 Final remarks
249(4)
References
250(3)
8 Overview of landslides distribution in Russian Federation and variations of their activity due to climate change
253(36)
O.V. Zerkal
A.L. Strom
8.1 Introduction
253(2)
8.2 Regional factors influencing landslides distribution within the territory of Russian Federation
255(3)
8.3 Slowly changing factors and their influence on the rapidly changing factors controlling landslide activity in Russia
258(5)
8.4 Variation of landslides activity in different regions of Russian Federation due to climate change
263(23)
8.4.1 Zone of the thawed and unfrozen soils
263(1)
8.4.1.1 Southern region of the European part of Russia
263(11)
8.4.1.2 Central region of the European part of Russia
274(5)
8.4.1.3 The Southern Siberian region
279(2)
8.4.2 The permafrost zone
281(5)
8.5 Conclusions
286(3)
References
286(3)
9 Slope safety preparedness in Southeast Asia for effects of climate change
289(62)
H. Rahardjo
A. Satyanaga
K. Hoon
W.L. Sham
Aaron
C.L. Ong
B.B.K. Huat
M.H. Fasihnikoutalab
A. Asadi
P.P. Rahardjo
A. Jotisankasa
T.M. Thu
T.T. Viet
9.1 Introduction
289(14)
9.1.1 Global climate change and its impact on slope stability
289(11)
9.1.2 Slope safety preparedness for effects of climate change in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam
300(3)
9.2 Slope safety preparedness for effects of climate change in Singapore
303(12)
9.2.1 Singapore's slope preparedness
303(1)
9.2.2 Singapore's resilience strategy
303(3)
9.2.3 Singapore Land Authority (SLA)
306(1)
9.2.4 SHARES - Slope Hazard Analysis & Repository System
306(3)
9.2.5 Building and Construction Authority (BCA)
309(1)
9.2.6 BCA preparedness to safeguard slope safety and slope protection structure resilience
310(1)
9.2.7 Regulation of structural safety
310(2)
9.2.8 3-Stages slope management framework
312(1)
9.2.9 Periodic Structural Inspection (PSI)
313(1)
9.2.10 BCA's response management against landslides and slope failure
314(1)
9.2.11 Summary
314(1)
9.2.12 Acknowledgements
315(1)
9.3 Slope safety preparedness for effects of climate change in Malaysia
315(7)
9.3.1 Slope safety preparedness in Malaysia
315(7)
9.4 Slope safety preparedness for effects of climate change in Indonesia
322(6)
9.4.1 Background on slope stability problems in Indonesia
322(1)
9.4.2 Landslides statistics in Indonesia and the existence of clay shales
323(1)
9.4.3 Clay shales and expansive soils
324(1)
9.4.4 Reactivation of old landslides
324(4)
9.4.5 Summary
328(1)
9.5 Slope safety preparedness for Thailand
328(6)
9.5.1 Background on slope stability problems in Thailand
328(1)
9.5.2 Highlights of research findings on pore water pressure variation with rainfall
329(3)
9.5.3 Soil bio-engineering
332(1)
9.5.4 Adaptation and emergency preparedness
333(1)
9.5.5 Summary
333(1)
9.5.6 Acknowledgements
334(1)
9.6 Slope safety preparedness in Vietnam for effects of climate change
334(17)
9.6.1 Background
334(1)
9.6.2 Climate change and sea level rise in Vietnam
335(1)
9.6.2.1 Temperature
335(1)
9.6.2.2 Rainfall and tropical cyclones
335(1)
9.6.2.3 Sea level rise
336(1)
9.6.3 Landslides due to rainfall
337(2)
9.6.4 Stability problems in the seadike system in Vietnam
339(2)
9.6.5 Adaptation to sea level rise
341(2)
9.6.6 Summary 343 References
343(8)
10 Review of landslide occurrence in Spain and its relation to climate
351(28)
Jordi Corominas
Rosa Maria Mateos
Juan Remondo
Foreword
351(1)
10.1 Context of landslide occurrence in Spain
351(6)
10.1.1 Alpine ranges
353(2)
10.1.2 Cenozoic basins
355(1)
10.1.3 Coastal cliffs
356(1)
10.2 Climatic triggers of landslides in Spain
357(5)
10.2.1 Landslides-climatic scenarios in Spain
360(1)
10.2.1.1 High intensity short-lasting rain storms
360(1)
10.2.1.2 Low to moderate intensity rainfall episodes
361(1)
10.2.1.3 Abnormal seasonal or annual rainfall
361(1)
10.3 Historical extreme landsliding events
362(2)
10.4 Projected changes in weather pattern upon climate change
364(3)
10.5 Expected changes in landslide pattern given climate change
367(1)
10.6 Climate change adaptation strategies for changing landslide pattern
368(3)
10.7 Final remarks
371(1)
10.8 Key conclusions/recommendations on the way forward
372(7)
References
373(6)
11 TR3 project: slope safety preparedness for effects of climate change contribution for Switzerland
379(30)
C. Bonnard
C. Crot
E. Prina Howald
L. Laloui
Abstract
379(1)
11.1 Preface
379(1)
11.2 Geographical framework
380(1)
11.3 Landslide types in Switzerland
381(2)
11.4 Climate change trend in Switzerland
383(2)
11.5 Federal prevention strategy
385(4)
11.6 The different levels of prevention action
389(1)
11.7 Protection objectives
390(1)
11.8 Town and country planning actions
391(2)
11.9 General adaptation measures to climate change in Switzerland
393(1)
11.10 Contribution of research to slope safety preparedness
394(3)
11.11 Specific adaptation measures to climate change in Switzerland with respect to landslides
397(1)
11.12 Stabilization of La Frasse landslide
397(2)
11.13 Management of the village of Braunwald located on a slowly moving landslide
399(1)
11.14 Protection action following a large debris flow affecting the town of Brienz
400(3)
11.15 Future evolution of risk situation in Switzerland
403(2)
11.16 Conclusions
405(4)
Acknowledgements
406(1)
References
406(3)
12 Review of landslide occurrence and climate change in Taiwan
409(28)
Meet-Ling Lin
Sheng-Chi Lin
Yu-Ching Lin
Abstract
409(1)
12.1 Introduction
409(2)
12.2 Projection of climate change in Taiwan
411(5)
12.2.1 Rainfall
412(1)
12.2.2 Typhoons
413(2)
12.2.3 Projection of future climate change in Taiwan
415(1)
12.2.3.1 Temperature
415(1)
12.2.3.2 Precipitation
415(1)
12.2.3.3 Typhoons
416(1)
12.3 The rainfall factor of climate change on slope stability and landslide risk in Taiwan
416(9)
12.3.1 Landslide events and triggering factors
416(2)
12.3.2 Extreme landslide events and extreme rainfall from typhoons
418(2)
12.3.3 The correlation of rainfall and landslides
420(1)
12.3.4 Effects of climatic changes on landslide occurrence
421(4)
12.4 Implications on landslide risk management and adaptation strategies
425(9)
12.4.1 Framework for the development of a landslide risk map
425(6)
12.4.2 Landslide disaster: impacts and challenges
431(1)
12.4.3 Landslide risk management, adaptation strategies, and policy considerations in Taiwan
432(2)
12.5 Conclusions
434(3)
Acknowledgements
435(1)
References
435(2)
13 Landslides and climate change in the United Kingdom
437(42)
T.A. Dijkstra
G.O. Jenkins
D. Gunn
C. Dashwood
R. Dankers
N. Dixon
D.N. Petley
A. Gibson
M.G. Winter
13.1 Introduction
437(1)
13.2 Landsliding in the UK
437(7)
13.2.1 National Landslide Database (NLD)
441(1)
13.2.2 Landslide potential
441(1)
13.2.3 Engineered slopes
441(3)
13.3 The climate change context
444(6)
13.3.1 Historical and future trends in rainfall
445(1)
13.3.2 Regional projections for the UK
445(1)
13.3.3 General overview of UKCP09 projections
446(1)
13.3.4 Projection of precipitation and heavy rainfall events
446(1)
13.3.5 Projections of mid-latitude depressions and storms
447(3)
13.3.6 Sea level rise and storm surges
450(1)
13.4 Climate change and slope stability
450(14)
13.4.1 Climate change and coastal slopes
457(4)
13.4.2 Climate change and engineered slopes
461(3)
13.5 Landslide hazard and risk management and adaptation strategies
464(4)
13.5.1 Regulatory framework
464(2)
13.5.2 Adaptation strategies; The Natural Hazards Partnership (NHP)
466(1)
13.5.3 Changes in vulnerability and risk
467(1)
13.6 Concluding remarks
468(11)
13.6.1 Uncertainties still to be addressed
469(1)
13.6.2 Communicating for adaptation and design in a changing climate
470(1)
Acknowledgements
471(1)
References
471(8)
14 Landslide hazards and climate change: A perspective from the United States
479(46)
Jeffrey A. Coe
14.1 Introduction
479(2)
14.2 Landslides in the United States
481(6)
14.3 Observed and predicted environmental changes in the United States
487(7)
14.3.1 Air temperature
487(1)
14.3.2 Snow, ice cover, and permafrost
487(2)
14.3.3 Sea level
489(1)
14.3.4 Drought and wildfire
489(1)
14.3.5 Evapotranspiration
490(1)
14.3.6 Precipitation
490(3)
14.3.7 Land use
493(1)
14.4 Landslide research related to environmental changes
494(13)
14.4.1 Landslide response related to changes in temperature
495(1)
14.4.1.1 Glacial retreat
495(1)
14.4.1.2 Degradation of permafrost in rock
496(3)
14.4.1.3 Degradation of permafrost in soil
499(1)
14.4.1.4 Increased sea level
499(3)
14.4.1.5 Changes in drought and wildfire
502(1)
14.4.2 Landslide response related to changes in precipitation
502(1)
14.4.2.1 Accounting for changing evapotranspiration
503(3)
14.4.2.2 Not accounting for changing evapotranspiration
506(1)
14.5 Adaptation strategies in the United States
507(2)
14.6 Summary
509(16)
Acknowledgements
510(1)
References
510(15)
Questionnaires
525(24)
Australia
527(6)
China
533(6)
Colombia
539(6)
India
545(4)
Subject Index 549
Mr. Ken Ho obtained his BSc in civil engineering and his MSc in soil mechanics and engineering seismology, both from Imperial College London. He is currently the Deputy Head of the Geotechnical Engineering Office of the Hong Kong Government and an Adjunct Professor at the University of Hong Kong. He is also a core member of Joint Technical Committee JTC1 on Landslides under the auspices of the Federation of International Geo-engineering Societies (FedIGS) on Natural Slopes and Landslides, and has previously served as a core member of ISSMGE Technical Committee TC304 on Engineering Practice in Risk Assessment and Management. Ken has published over 100 papers on slope engineering, quantified risk assessment, earthquake, piling and deep excavations. He has presented a number of keynote papers and state-of-the-art papers at various international conferences. He is also the editor of several international conference proceedings and serves on the editorial boards of a number of geotechnical journals.



Dr. Suzanne Lacasse was educated in Civil Engineering at Ecole Polytechnique of Montréal and MIT. She was Managing Director of the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) from 1991 to 2011, and now acts as Technical Director at NGI. She gave the 37th Terzaghi Lecture on Offshore Geotechnics in 2001 and the 55th Rankine Lecture on Hazard, Risk and Reliability in Geotechnical Practice in 2015. Dr Lacasse received PhD's Honoris Causa from the University of Dundee and from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She is a member of the National Academy of Engineers in the USA, Canada, Norway and France. She is Honorary Professor at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, and Chair of the Slope Safety Technical Review Board in Hong Kong. She has given keynote lectures in over 30 countries, and is the author of over 300 scientific papers.



Professor Luciano Picarelli was educated in Civil Engineering at Universitą di Napoli and is cururently full professor of Soil Mechanics at the Department of Civil Engineering, Design, Home Building and Environment, Seconda Universitą di Napoli. He has been Director of the Research Centre for Environment Engineering and Chairman of the Council of Professors in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Luciano is Chair of the Joint Technical Committee Natural Slopes and Landslides of the Federation of International Geo-engineering Societies, Associate Editor of the journal Landslides and member of the Great Risks Committee of the National Department of Civil Protection in Italy. He has been editor of several special issues of international journals and proceedings of conferences, and keynote lecturer at numerous scientific events. He is author of over 200 scientific papers and chapters of books. Luciano Picarelli was awarded the 2008 Croce Lecture, the 2015 uklje Lecture, the 2014 Varnes medal and the prize for best paper published in Landslides in 2014.