| About the Author |
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xvii | |
| Foreword |
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xix | |
| Preface |
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xxi | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xxiii | |
| 1 The Dental Operatory |
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1 | (36) |
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1 | (1) |
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Electricity, Water, and Drainage |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (4) |
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2 | (4) |
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6 | (1) |
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Powered Dental Delivery Systems |
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6 | (5) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (7) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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Dental Loupes (Telescopes) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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CR (Computed Radiography) Technology |
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15 | (1) |
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DR (Digital Radiography) Technology |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Patient Monitoring Devices |
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17 | (9) |
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20 | (1) |
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End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide (ETCO2) |
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21 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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Electrocardiography (EKG) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (2) |
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Benefits of Regional Anesthesia |
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26 | (1) |
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Indications for Regional Anesthesia |
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27 | (1) |
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Contraindications for Local and Regional Anesthesia |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Regional Anesthesia Equipment |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (4) |
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28 | (1) |
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Caudal Maxillary Nerve Block |
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29 | (2) |
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Middle Mental Nerve Block |
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31 | (1) |
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Caudal Mandibular (Inferior Alveolar) Nerve Block |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (5) |
| 2 Equipment, Instruments, and Materials for Operative Dentistry |
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37 | (50) |
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Equipment and Material Recommendations Based on the Level of Dental Care |
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37 | (1) |
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Diagnostics for Basic Dentistry |
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37 | (3) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (3) |
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Operator Safety Equipment |
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40 | (1) |
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Dental Scaling, Irrigation and Polishing Equipment, Instruments, and Techniques |
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40 | (7) |
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Hand Instruments (Scalers and Curettes) for Plaque and Calculus Removal |
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40 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (5) |
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Sonic- and Ultrasonic-Assisted Dental Scaling |
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42 | (5) |
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Dental Polishing Equipment and Materials |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (1) |
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Locally Administered Antimicrobials (LAA) |
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50 | (1) |
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Extraction Instruments and Materials |
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50 | (6) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Dental Luxators and Dental Elevators for Extractions |
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52 | (2) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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Hand Instrument Sharpening |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (10) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (7) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (6) |
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Maintenance of Dental Equipment |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Replacing the High-Speed Turbine |
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66 | (1) |
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Low-Speed Handpiece Cleaning Steps |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Homecare Products to Reduce the Accumulation of Plaque and Tartar (Calculus) |
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67 | (1) |
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The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) |
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67 | (1) |
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Other Homecare Products, Which May Decrease the Accumulation of Plaque and/or Tartar When Used Properly |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Exam Room Educational Aides |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Equipment and Materials for Advanced Dental Care |
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69 | (3) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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Drying the Prepared Irrigated Canal |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Filling the Prepared and Cleaned Root Canal |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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College-Tipped Pliers to Handle the Paper and Gutta Percha Points |
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73 | (2) |
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Retrograde Amalgam Carrier (1mm) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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Light-Cured Glass Ionomer Liner/Base |
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74 | (1) |
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Restorative Materials Used in Advanced Dental Procedures |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Polishing the Restoration |
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75 | (1) |
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Advanced Periodontal and Oral Surgery |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (4) |
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Carbon Dioxide Laser (10,600 nm) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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Therapy Lasers (Low-Level Laser Therapy - LLLT) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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Orthodontic Equipment and Materials Used in Advanced Dental Procedures |
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79 | (1) |
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Alginate Used to Create Arch Impressions to Create a Dental Model |
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79 | (1) |
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Boxing and Bite Registration Wax |
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79 | (1) |
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Dental Casts (Study Models, Stone Models) |
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80 | (1) |
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Orthodontic Buttons and Masel Chain Elastics |
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80 | (3) |
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Composite Splinting Material Used in Fabrication of Inclined Plane and Fracture Stabilization |
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80 | (1) |
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Patient and Operator Infection Control |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (4) |
| 3 Oral Anatomy for the General Practitioner |
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87 | (26) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
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Innervation of the Oral Cavity |
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89 | (1) |
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Blood Supply and Lymphatic Drainage |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (5) |
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90 | (5) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (5) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (3) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (12) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (3) |
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105 | (8) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (1) |
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Surfaces of Teeth and Directions in the Mouth |
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109 | (3) |
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112 | (1) |
| 4 Dental Radiography |
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113 | (50) |
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Incorporating Dental Radiography into General Practice |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (3) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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Intraoral Digital Software |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (12) |
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Parallel and Bisecting Angle Techniques |
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117 | (1) |
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Vertical and Horizontal Angulation |
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118 | (2) |
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Positioning for the Maxillary Arch |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (2) |
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Extraoral Technique to Remove Superimposition of the Zygomatic Arch |
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125 | (1) |
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Positioning for the Mandibles |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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Radiograph Image Troubleshooting |
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128 | (5) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (5) |
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Radiograph Interpretation |
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133 | (4) |
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133 | (1) |
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Mental Foramina and Mandibular Canal |
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133 | (3) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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Maxillary Sinus Radiolucencies and Densities |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (7) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (2) |
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Furcation Involvement and Exposure |
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142 | (1) |
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Alveolar Bone Expansion (Chronic Alveolar Osteitis) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (5) |
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Radiograph Evaluation for Endodontic Disease |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (10) |
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Classification of Tooth Resorption by Stages and Types |
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152 | (2) |
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Classification by Tooth Resorption Types |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Computed Tomography (CT) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Imaging |
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155 | (4) |
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159 | (4) |
| 5 Charting |
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163 | (58) |
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Two-/Four-Handed Charting |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (28) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (22) |
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185 | (1) |
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Premolar and Molar Relationship |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (3) |
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Tooth-By-Tooth Examination |
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188 | (3) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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Furcation Disease Charting |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (4) |
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Plaque and Calculus Accumulation |
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194 | (4) |
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198 | (14) |
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200 | (1) |
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Enamel Hypomineralization |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (6) |
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207 | (5) |
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212 | (5) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (3) |
| 6 The Comprehensive Oral Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment Visit |
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221 | (22) |
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Comprehensive Oral Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment (COPAT) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (5) |
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A Real Timeline Workflow Example |
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223 | (4) |
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9:00 Examination of the Conscious Dental Patient |
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223 | (4) |
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12:13 General Anesthesia for Oral Cavity and Tooth-by-Tooth Examination, Probing and Full-Mouth Intraoral Radiographs |
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227 | (1) |
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12:55 Anesthetized Examination |
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227 | (1) |
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Basic Treatment Options in Companion Animal Dentistry |
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227 | (3) |
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1:16 P.M. Exam Findings and Treatment Plan Discussed with the Owner. Approval Gained for Additional Care and Related Fees |
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230 | (1) |
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1:43 P.M. Extraction Completed |
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230 | (1) |
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2:36 P.M. Patient Recovered from Procedure |
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230 | (1) |
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3:44 P.M. Veterinary Assistant Prepares Report to Share with Client |
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230 | (1) |
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6:00 P.M. Patient Discharge and Client Discussion with Immediate Homecare Instructions |
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230 | (1) |
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Plaque and Calculus Prevention |
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230 | (1) |
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Efficacy of Homecare Products |
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231 | (1) |
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The Veterinary Oral Health Council |
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231 | (1) |
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Efficacy Through Mechanical Action |
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232 | (3) |
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Efficacy Through Nonmechanical Action |
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235 | (1) |
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Efficacy Through Mechanical plus Nonmechanical Actions |
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236 | (1) |
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Safety of Homecare Products |
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236 | (1) |
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Gastrointestinal Inflammation |
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237 | (1) |
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Safety Against Tooth Fracture |
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237 | (1) |
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Scheduling the Next Professional Oral Hygiene Visit |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (5) |
| 7 Oropharyngeal Inflammation |
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243 | (62) |
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243 | (2) |
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Clinical Periodontal Diseases |
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245 | (14) |
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Stage 1 (PD1) Periodontal Disease - Gingivitis Inflammation of the Gingiva Without Support Loss |
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245 | (1) |
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Etiology and Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease |
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245 | (1) |
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Periodontal Probing/Intraoral Radiography |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (7) |
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Local Antibiotic Application |
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246 | (2) |
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Diode Laser Periodontal Therapy |
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248 | (5) |
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Stage 2 (PD2) Periodontal Disease - Early Periodontitis |
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253 | (1) |
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Suprabony and Infrabony Pockets |
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253 | (3) |
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Gingival Recession - Non-Pocketing Periodontal Disease |
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256 | (1) |
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Treatment of Gingival Recession |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (5) |
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Stage 3 (PD3) Periodontal Disease - Moderate Periodontitis |
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260 | (1) |
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Stage 4 Periodontal Disease (PD4) - Advanced Periodontitis |
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260 | (1) |
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Canine Tooth Extrusion (Super Eruption) |
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260 | (2) |
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Alveolar Bone Expansion (Chronic Alveolar Osteitis) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (4) |
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Where Bone Grafts Are Indicated |
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266 | (1) |
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Bone Grafts Are Not Indicated Where |
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266 | (1) |
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Technique to Place a Bone Graft |
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266 | (1) |
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Canine Palatal Periodontal Pockets |
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267 | (1) |
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Palatal Defect Graft Technique |
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267 | (1) |
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Guided Tissue Regeneration |
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268 | (1) |
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Mucositis - Inflammation of the Oral Mucosa |
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268 | (5) |
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Treatment for Contact Mucositis |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (3) |
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Feline Chronic Gingivitis Stomatitis |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (2) |
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History and Clinical Signs and Symptoms |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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Medical Management of FCGS |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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Anti-Inflammatory Medication |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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Intralesional Use of Interferon Protocols |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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Surgical Management of FCGS |
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277 | (1) |
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Extraction of Selective Teeth or Full-Mouth Extraction |
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277 | (1) |
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Technique for Placement of Esophagostomy Feeding Tube in the Anesthetized Cat |
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278 | (1) |
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Extraction Instrumentation and Techniques in Dogs and Cats as a Treatment for Moderate and Advanced Periodontal Disease, Contact Mucositis, and Stomatitis |
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279 | (1) |
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Pre/Post-Extraction Radiographs |
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279 | (1) |
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Equipment for Extractions |
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279 | (1) |
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Flap Design, Procedure, and Closure |
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279 | (5) |
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280 | (1) |
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Extraction of Incisor Teeth |
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281 | (1) |
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Technique for Incisor Extraction |
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281 | (1) |
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Technique for Maxillary Canine Tooth Extraction |
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282 | (1) |
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Use the Following Steps for Maxillary Canine Tooth Extraction |
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282 | (2) |
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Mandibular Canine Extraction Technique |
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284 | (2) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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Premolar Teeth Extraction Technique |
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285 | (1) |
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Technique for Extraction of Premolars |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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Hemisection and Restoration |
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286 | (9) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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Technique for Root Fragment Retrieval |
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288 | (1) |
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Technique for Extracting Multiple Teeth |
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289 | (6) |
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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)-positive Cats with Feline Chronic Gingivitis Stomatitis |
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295 | (2) |
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Adjunct Therapy With the Carbon Dioxide Laser |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (8) |
| 8 Tooth Resorption |
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305 | (18) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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Terminology/Classification |
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305 | (1) |
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Classification by Anatomical Location - Internal and External Resorption |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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Inflammatory External Resorption |
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306 | (3) |
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External Noninflammatory Replacement Resorption |
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308 | (1) |
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Further Classification of External Tooth Resorption by Anatomical Extent (Stages) |
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308 | (1) |
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Classification by Radiographic Appearance (Types) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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Clinical Examination Findings |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
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Treatment of Tooth Resorption |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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Monitoring Without Immediate Care |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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Instruments and Materials for Extraction of Teeth Affected by Tooth Resorption |
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315 | (1) |
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Step-by-Step Extraction Technique |
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316 | (1) |
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Crown Amputation with Intentional Partial Root Retention Followed by Gingival Closure |
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316 | (3) |
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Step-by-Step Procedure for Intentional Crown Amputation and Gingival Closure |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (4) |
| 9 Oral Trauma |
|
323 | (44) |
|
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323 | (1) |
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Crown Wear - Abrasion and Attrition |
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323 | (1) |
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|
|
323 | (4) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Endodontic Disease |
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327 | (1) |
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Physical Examination Signs of Endodontic Disease |
|
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327 | (1) |
|
|
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327 | (4) |
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Location of the Dental Trauma |
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327 | (4) |
|
|
|
327 | (1) |
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Uncomplicated Enamel, Crown, and Crown-Root Fractures |
|
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328 | (2) |
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Complicated Tooth Fractures |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
Materials for Endodontic Therapy |
|
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331 | (3) |
|
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
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331 | (2) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
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Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) |
|
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333 | (1) |
|
|
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333 | (1) |
|
Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach) |
|
|
334 | (1) |
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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) |
|
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334 | (1) |
|
Instruments for Endodontic Therapy |
|
|
334 | (8) |
|
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334 | (1) |
|
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (2) |
|
The International Standards Organization (ISO) |
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|
337 | (1) |
|
|
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338 | (1) |
|
|
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339 | (2) |
|
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341 | (1) |
|
Retrograde Amalgam Carriers |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Fundamental Endodontic Procedures |
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Instruments and Materials |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Standard (Conventional) Root Canal Therapy |
|
|
344 | (5) |
|
Instruments and Materials |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Accessing the Pulp Chamber and Root Canal |
|
|
345 | (4) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
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|
345 | (1) |
|
Maxillary Fourth Premolar |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Preparing the Root Canal Debridement and Shaping |
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|
345 | (1) |
|
Step-By-Step Conventional Root Canal Therapy |
|
|
345 | (4) |
|
|
|
349 | (2) |
|
Vertical Reciprocation Handpiece Debridement |
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|
349 | (1) |
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|
349 | (2) |
|
Restoring Fracture and Access Sites |
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|
351 | (1) |
|
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|
351 | (2) |
|
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|
353 | (8) |
|
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|
353 | (1) |
|
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|
353 | (1) |
|
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|
353 | (2) |
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|
355 | (1) |
|
Summary of Pathologic Causes of Mandible Deviation |
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|
355 | (6) |
|
Principles of Jaw Fracture Repair |
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|
361 | (1) |
|
Treatment Planning and Options |
|
|
361 | (4) |
|
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Trauma |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (4) |
|
|
|
365 | (2) |
| 10 Oral Masses |
|
367 | (56) |
|
Identification and Staging of Oral Tumors |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Staging of Tumors of the Oral Cavity - Primary Tumor-Regional Nodes-Metastasis (TNM) System |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Surgical Options to Treat Neoplasia |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
General Overview of Tumor Surgery |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
|
|
371 | (10) |
|
|
|
371 | (8) |
|
|
|
379 | (4) |
|
Dentigerous/Eruption Cysts |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (2) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex |
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma |
|
|
383 | (5) |
|
Canine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma |
|
|
384 | (4) |
|
Amyloid-Producing Odontogenic Tumor |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (3) |
|
Feline Pyogenic Granuloma |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (3) |
|
|
|
391 | (3) |
|
Treatment of Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
|
394 | (13) |
|
Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
394 | (7) |
|
Treatment of Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
396 | (5) |
|
Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Dog |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (3) |
|
Treatment of Oral Fibrosarcoma in the Dog |
|
|
403 | (2) |
|
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Treatment for Oral Osteosarcoma |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Multilobular Osteochondrosarcoma |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
407 | (9) |
|
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
413 | (3) |
|
|
|
416 | (7) |
| 11 Occlusal Disorders, Extra Teeth, and Missing Teeth |
|
423 | (36) |
|
|
|
423 | (3) |
|
Normal Occlusion in the Dog |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Normal Occlusion in the Cat |
|
|
424 | (2) |
|
Malocclusion - Dental and Skeletal |
|
|
426 | (3) |
|
Dental Malocclusion (Malposition) |
|
|
427 | (2) |
|
|
|
429 | (6) |
|
Symmetrical Skeletal Malocclusions |
|
|
429 | (2) |
|
Asymmetrical Skeletal Malocclusions |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Persistent Primary (Deciduous) Teeth |
|
|
431 | (2) |
|
Supernumerary (Extra) Teeth |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
Ethics of Performing Veterinary Orthodontic Care |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Interceptive Orthodontics |
|
|
435 | (4) |
|
Extraction of the Malpositioned Tooth |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
Crown Reduction, Vital Pulp Therapy, and Tooth Restoration |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Types of Forces Used to Move Teeth |
|
|
441 | (4) |
|
Instrumentation for Orthodontic Care |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Technique for Bracket Placement, Light Chemical Cementation, and Force Activation |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
The Following are Steps of Orthodontic Therapy Using Appliances |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
Materials and Methods to Create a Dental Study Model |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Creating Arch Impressions Using Alginate |
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Follow These Steps to Mix and Pour Stone |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
The Following are Steps to Pour the Stone Mixture onto the Impression |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Preparing a Base for Each Cast |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
To Separate the Cast from the Alginate Impression |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
Lab Instructions and Shipping |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (4) |
|
|
|
456 | (3) |
| Glossary |
|
459 | (16) |
| Index |
|
475 | |
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