'The SBIR program has been one of the major underpinnings of the transition of the U.S. economy from a manufacturing base to an innovation base over the past fifty years, but has never received the recognition that it so richly deserves. In this book, two long term researchers on innovation in the U.S., Albert N. Link and Alan C. OConnor, document the history of the U.S.s support for small businesses, the history of the NIH and its SBIR and STTR programs. They then carry out a quantitative analysis of the programs effectiveness and enormous impact. The book is well written, succinct and richly illustrated with tables and figures.' -- Ashley J. Stevens, Focus IP Group, USA Link and O'Connor make an important contribution to the analysis of NIH SBIR and STTR programs by drilling down to data at the level of the many NIH Institutes and Centers, where awards are actually made, rather than generalizing about NIH as a whole. This approach is warranted as NIH Institutes and Centers have particular research agendas, most based on particular organs or diseases. Link and O'Connor show clearly that correlations of inputs and outputs of SBIR/STTR awards prior funding, number of employees, participation of women and minorities, applied and awarded patents, partnering, and commercialization provide valuable insights that are lacking in, and at times contrary to, an NIH-wide approach. With the limited data available, the authors demonstrate how the public availability of more data would permit further evaluation of the degree of alignment of SBIR/STTR programs with the statutory goals of the implementing legislation. Anyone interested in the evaluation of SBIR/STTR programs should read this book. -- Mark L. Rohrbaugh, former Senior Advisor for Technology Transfer, National Institutes of Health, USA 'This book offers an historical appraisal of the public policy emphasis on small innovative firms using as an illustration the SBIR program at the National Cancer Institute and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The authors do an excellent job in blending the evolution of socioeconomic arguments and firm-level survey evidence of the outcomes of SBIR support. A fresh and super interesting read for students of science and technology policy evaluation. -- Nicholas Vonortas, George Washington University, USA
