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Small Dams: Planning, Construction and Maintenance [Kietas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Hardback, 210 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 612 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 29-Nov-2013
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415621119
  • ISBN-13: 9780415621113
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Small Dams: Planning, Construction and MaintenanceDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 210 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 612 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 29-Nov-2013
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415621119
  • ISBN-13: 9780415621113
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780415621113.html
Raktažodžiai:
"A practial guide to determining catchment yield and the amount of water required in a dam. Also advises on working with engineers and contractors, and outlines the causes of dam failures and how to remedy problems quickly. It further covers relevant legislation, as well as environmental and ecological issues from a global perspective, with explicit reference to various countries around the world. An invaluable reference resource for anyone who owns or plans to own a dam, and a useful reference for agencies, contractors and engineers"--

This is a guide to the design, construction, and use of small earth dams for agricultural hydrology written for dam owners, engineering students, responsible government agencies, developers, and dam-building contractors. Chapters are presented on planning, site investigation, design, documentation, construction, maintenance, water management, ecological issues, commercial issues, and legal issues. Where the material is country-specific, the country referenced is Australia. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Small Dams: Planning, Construction and Maintenance has been written to provide a practical approach and guide to determining catchment yield and the amount of water required in a dam, advising on selecting and working with engineers and contractors, as well as outlining the cause of dam failures and how to remedy problems quickly. It also covers relevant legislation, environmental and ecological issues.

Employing the principles in this book, in conjunction with heeding the advice of suitably experienced and qualifi ed engineers and contractors, will reduce the risk of failure and help to ensure the long term success of any small dam in question. Small Dams will be an invaluable resource for anyone who owns a dam, and a useful reference for agencies, contractors and engineers.

The author, Barry Lewis, has over forty years of experience as an engineer and has written extensively on farm dams, soil conservation, catchment management and the environmental impact of dams both on and off streams. He was also directly involved in the licensing and regulating of small dams in Australia.

Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction xvii
Section I Planning
1(32)
1.1 Assessing water needs
1(2)
1.1.1 Planning water supplies
1(1)
1.1.2 Water quality
2(1)
1.2 Assessment of catchment yield
3(6)
1.2.1 Factors controlling catchment yield
3(1)
1.2.2 Methods of estimating catchment yield
4(4)
1.2.3 How trees affect yield
8(1)
1.2.4 Artificial catchments
8(1)
1.3 Dam site selection
9(3)
1.3.1 Choosing a dam site
10(2)
1.4 Types of farm storages
12(8)
1.4.1 Gully dams
14(1)
1.4.2 Hillside dams
14(1)
1.4.3 Ring tanks
15(2)
1.4.4 Turkey's nest tanks
17(1)
1.4.5 Excavated tanks
18(2)
1.4.6 Weirs
20(1)
1.4.7 Off-waterway storages
20(1)
1.5 Dam storage size
20(5)
1.5.1 Evaporation losses
21(1)
1.5.2 Ways of controlling evaporation
22(1)
1.5.3 Seepage losses
22(1)
1.5.4 Average water consumption
22(3)
1.6 Using a dam in drought
25(3)
1.7 Fire fighting
28(1)
1.8 Small dams and trees
29(1)
1.9 Dam cost justification
30(3)
Section 2 Investigation
33(12)
2.1 Soil testing
33(1)
2.1.1 Foundation
33(1)
2.1.2 Borrow pit for embankment material
34(1)
2.1.3 Spillway site
34(1)
2.2 Site selection criteria
34(2)
2.2.1 Seepage losses
34(2)
2.2.2 Stability of dam sides
36(1)
2.2.3 Sedimentation in dams
36(1)
2.3 Foundation materials
36(1)
2.4 Embankment materials
37(1)
2.5 Site investigation of materials
38(3)
2.5.1 Soil texture tests
38(1)
2.5.2 Unified soil classification
38(3)
2.6 Analysis of soil
41(1)
2.6.1 Core trench
41(1)
2.6.2 Embankment soil
42(1)
2.7 Location of soil
42(1)
2.8 Unsuitable material
43(2)
Section 3 Design
45(30)
3.1 Items that need to be considered
45(10)
3.1.1 Embankment types
46(2)
3.1.2 Core trench
48(1)
3.1.3 Embankment batter slope
48(2)
3.1.4 Crest width
50(1)
3.1.5 Freeboard
51(1)
3.1.6 Alternative ways of batter protection
52(2)
3.1.7 Topsoil cover
54(1)
3.1.8 Fencing
55(1)
3.2 Flood flow estimation
55(1)
3.2.1 Peak flow estimation
56(1)
3.3 Outlet structures
56(5)
3.3.1 Earth spillways
57(1)
3.3.2 Design spillway capacity
58(1)
3.3.3 Selecting spillway dimensions
58(2)
3.3.4 Chute spillways
60(1)
3.4 Pipelines through embankments
61(4)
3.4.1 Trickle pipes
64(1)
3.4.2 Drop inlet structures
64(1)
3.4.3 Cut-off collars
65(1)
3.5 Earth and water computations
65(7)
3.5.1 Embankment material
65(3)
3.5.2 Floor slope
68(1)
3.5.3 Area beneath embankment
68(1)
3.5.4 Excavated tanks
69(1)
3.5.5 Water storage capacity computations
69(3)
3.5.6 Storage excavation ratio
72(1)
3.6 Estimate of costs
72(3)
3.6.1 Economics
72(2)
3.6.2 Dam quality pays over time
74(1)
Section 4 Documentation
75(6)
4.1 Collation of plans and specification
75(1)
4.2 Collecting basic design data
76(2)
4.2.1 Catchment map
76(1)
4.2.2 Location (topographical) map
77(1)
4.2.3 Profiles and cross-sections
77(1)
4.2.4 Soils
77(1)
4.3 Assembly of data
78(1)
4.3.1 Analysis of data
78(1)
4.3.2 Design
78(1)
4.4 Construction documents and drawings
79(1)
4.4.1 Specifications
79(1)
4.4.2 Checklist
80(1)
4.5 Final review and approval
80(1)
4.5.1 Records
80(1)
Section 5 Construction
81(20)
5.1 Approval for dam building
81(2)
5.1.1 Details that may need to be submitted
81(1)
5.1.2 Referral dams
82(1)
5.2 Selecting your dam builders
83(2)
5.2.1 Selecting an engineer
83(1)
5.2.2 Details that an engineer can provide
84(1)
5.3 How to build a dam
85(1)
5.4 Steps in constructing a dam
85(4)
5.4.1 Setting out
85(2)
5.4.2 Diversion of water
87(1)
5.4.3 Clearing and grubbing
87(1)
5.4.4 Stripping topsoil
87(1)
5.4.5 Core trench
88(1)
5.4.6 Borrow pit material
88(1)
5.4.7 Selection and placing of material
88(1)
5.4.8 Spillway and outlet structures
88(1)
5.4.9 Batters and topsoil
89(1)
5.5 Compaction
89(2)
5.5.1 Compaction when constructing a dam
90(1)
5.5.2 Recommendations for compaction
90(1)
5.6 Soil moisture
91(1)
5.6.1 Adjusting soil moisture
91(1)
5.7 Allowance for settlement
92(1)
5.8 Equipment
93(3)
5.8.1 Rollers
94(1)
5.8.2 Features of roller compaction
95(1)
5.8.3 Other machinery
95(1)
5.9 Installation of outlet pipe
96(1)
5.9.1 Testing of the pipe
96(1)
5.9.2 Foundations on rock
96(1)
5.10 Checking for compliance with standards
97(2)
5.10.1 Checking the contractor's work
97(1)
5.10.2 Inspection during construction
97(1)
5.10.3 Good work takes time
97(1)
5.10.4 Extra `bonuses'
98(1)
5.10.5 Changing your mind
99(1)
5.10.6 Progress payments
99(1)
5.11 Final inspection and measurements
99(2)
Section 6 Maintenance
101(26)
6.1 Safety surveillance
101(3)
6.1.1 Equipment for inspection
102(1)
6.1.2 Observations to be recorded
102(2)
6.2 Inspection procedures
104(3)
6.2.1 General techniques
104(1)
6.2.2 Specific techniques
105(1)
6.2.3 Evaluation of observations
106(1)
6.2.4 Frequency of inspection
107(1)
6.3 Causes of dam failures
107(14)
6.3.1 Dispersive clays
109(1)
6.3.2 Seepage and leakage
109(1)
6.3.3 Cracking and movement cracks
109(1)
6.3.4 Erosion
110(5)
6.3.5 Deformation and movement
115(3)
6.3.6 Defects in associated structures
118(2)
6.3.7 Vegetation
120(1)
6.3.8 Total catchment protection
120(1)
6.3.9 Weed control
121(1)
6.4 Dam leakage
121(6)
6.4.1 Rebuilding
122(1)
6.4.2 Use of soil additives
122(2)
6.4.3 Artificial liners
124(1)
6.4.4 Using a clay liner
125(2)
Section 7 Water
127(12)
7.1 Quantity
127(1)
7.2 Water quality
128(4)
7.2.1 Domestic use
130(2)
7.2.2 Stock water
132(1)
7.2.3 Irrigation water
132(1)
7.3 Water treatment for human consumption
132(1)
7.4 Algae in farm water supplies
133(1)
7.4.1 Problems
133(1)
7.4.2 Identification
134(1)
7.5 Salt in dam water
134(5)
7.5.1 Minimising salinity in dams
136(1)
7.5.2 Interception of sub-surface saline water
136(1)
7.5.3 Maintenance
137(1)
7.5.4 Downstream effects
137(1)
7.5.5 Minimising the effects of evaporation
137(1)
7.5.6 Stock and salty water
137(2)
Section 8 Ecology
139(12)
8.1 Wildlife and plants in dams
139(4)
8.1.1 Water regime
140(1)
8.1.2 Basic topography
140(1)
8.1.3 Vegetation
140(1)
8.1.4 Grazing by stock
141(1)
8.1.5 Waterways and swamps
141(1)
8.1.6 The role of hunting
142(1)
8.1.7 Waterfowl management
142(1)
8.2 Water plants in dams
143(4)
8.2.1 Aquatic plants
143(4)
8.3 Using herbicides near water
147(1)
8.3.1 Hazards
148(1)
8.4 Vegetation on and around dams
148(1)
8.5 Yabbies
149(2)
8.5.1 Physical removal
149(1)
8.5.2 Biological removal
149(1)
8.5.3 Chemical control
150(1)
Section 9 Commercial
151(10)
9.1 Fish farming
152(4)
9.1.1 Established freshwater species
152(1)
9.1.2 Dam conditions that control productivity
153(1)
9.1.3 Feeding
154(1)
9.1.4 Aquatic vegetation
154(1)
9.1.5 Fish loss by escaping
154(1)
9.1.6 Muddy water
155(1)
9.1.7 Algae
155(1)
9.1.8 Other species
155(1)
9.2 Yabby farming
156(2)
9.2.1 Types of dams for yabby production
156(1)
9.2.2 Water properties
157(1)
9.2.3 Stocking and feeding
157(1)
9.2.4 Harvesting
157(1)
9.3 Native fauna and total ecosystem management
158(1)
9.3.1 Native fauna
158(1)
9.3.2 Managing predation by native fauna
158(1)
9.4 Licensing process
159(2)
9.4.1 Licences required
159(1)
9.4.2 Other steps that may need to be taken
160(1)
Section 10 Legal
161(12)
10.1 Legal and policy aspects in Australia
161(3)
10.2 Liability
164(1)
10.3 Responsibility of dam owners
165(2)
10.3.1 Liabilities of dam owners
166(1)
10.3.2 Permission to build a dam
166(1)
10.4 Dam failure
167(4)
10.4.1 Potential hazard and risk of small dams
168(1)
10.4.2 Minimising the risk of dam failure
168(1)
10.4.3 In case of dam failure
168(2)
10.4.4 Abandonment of small dams
170(1)
10.5 Designer and earthmoving contractor(s)
171(1)
10.6 Property insurance
171(2)
References and suggested further reading 173(6)
Appendix 1 Glossary of terminology 179(4)
Appendix 2 Engineering specification for an earth-fill farm dam 183(6)
Appendix 3 Metric and imperial conversion tables 189
Barry Lewis has over thirty years of experience as an engineer and has written extensively on farm dams, soil conservation, catchment management and the environmental impact of farm dams both on- and off-stream. He is directly involved in the licensing and regulation of farm dams in Victoria, Australia.