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1 | (26) |
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1 | (1) |
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The Smart Grid Enables the ElectriNetSM |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Low-Carbon Central Generation |
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6 | (1) |
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What Should be the Attributes of the Smart Grid? |
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6 | (1) |
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Why do we Need a Smart Grid? |
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7 | (5) |
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Is the Smart Grid a ``Green Grid''? |
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12 | (2) |
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Alternative Views of a Smart Grid |
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14 | (13) |
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Capgemini's Vision (www.capgemini.com/energy) |
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14 | (2) |
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IBM's Vision (www.ibm.com/iibv) |
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16 | (1) |
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IntelliGridSM (www.epri-intelligrid.com) |
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17 | (2) |
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The Modern Grid Strategy (www.netw.doe.gov) |
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19 | (1) |
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GridWiseTM (www.electricdistribution.ctc.com) |
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19 | (1) |
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General Electric Vision (www.gepower.com) |
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19 | (2) |
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Distribution Vision 2010 (DV2010) |
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21 | (1) |
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UK SuperGen Initiative (www.supergen-networks.org.uk) |
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21 | (1) |
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Hydro Quebec Automation Initiative |
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22 | (1) |
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The Galvin Initiative (www.galvinpower.org) |
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22 | (1) |
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Electricite de France (EDF) Power-Strada |
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23 | (1) |
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European Union Smart Grid (www.smartgrids.eu) |
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23 | (4) |
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Electric Energy Efficiency in Power Production & Delivery |
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27 | (26) |
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27 | (1) |
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Power Plant Elecricity Use |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (3) |
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31 | (1) |
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Space Conditioning and Domestic Water Heating |
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32 | (5) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (3) |
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Efficiency in Power Delivery |
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43 | (1) |
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Conservation Voltage Reduction |
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43 | (3) |
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Distribution Transformer Efficiency |
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46 | (7) |
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Electric End-Use Energy Efficiency |
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53 | (24) |
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Defining Electric End-use Energy Efficiency |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Is Energy Efficiency Cost-Effective? |
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54 | (1) |
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Financial Impacts of Energy Efficiency |
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55 | (1) |
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How Desirable is Energy Efficiency? |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (2) |
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Drivers of Energy Efficiency |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (5) |
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Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions |
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61 | (4) |
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What Can Be Accomplished? |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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United Nations Foundation Estimates |
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67 | (4) |
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Energy Efficiency Potential in the U.S. |
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71 | (6) |
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Using a Smart Grid to Evolve the Perfect Power System |
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77 | (16) |
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The Galvin Vision-A Perfect Power System |
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78 | (3) |
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Defining the Perfect Electric Energy Service System |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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Path to the Perfect Power System |
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80 | (1) |
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Overview of the Perfect Power System Configurations |
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81 | (1) |
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Device---Level Power System |
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81 | (3) |
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Advantages of the Perfect Device-level Power System & Relevant Nodes of Innovation |
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82 | (2) |
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Building Integrated Power Systems |
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84 | (3) |
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Advantages of the Building Integrated Power System & Relevant Nodes of Innovation |
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84 | (3) |
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Distributed Power Systems |
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87 | (1) |
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Advantages of the Distributed Power System & Relevant Nodes of Innovation |
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87 | (1) |
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Fully Integrated Power System: The Smart Grid |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (5) |
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DC Distribution & The Smart Grid |
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93 | (20) |
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AC vs. DC Power: An Historical Perspective |
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93 | (5) |
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Transformers transform the power delivery system |
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95 | (1) |
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Centralization dictates AC instead of DC |
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96 | (2) |
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Benefits and Drives of DC Power Delivery Systems |
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98 | (3) |
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Powering Equipment and Appliances with DC |
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101 | (4) |
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101 | (4) |
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Data Centers and Information Technology (IT) Loads |
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105 | (4) |
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109 | (1) |
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Potential Future Work and Research |
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109 | (4) |
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The Intelligridsm Architecture for the Smart Grid |
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113 | (18) |
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113 | (1) |
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Launching the IntelliGridSM |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (2) |
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Visualizing the Power System in Real Time |
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116 | (1) |
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Increasing System Capacity |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Enabling a Self-Healing Grid |
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117 | (1) |
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Enabling (Enhanced) Connectivity to Consumers |
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117 | (1) |
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A Smart Grid Vision Based on the IntelliGridSM Architecture |
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118 | (1) |
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Barriers to Achieving this Vision |
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119 | (6) |
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Communication Architecture: The Foundation of the IntelliGridSM |
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119 | (3) |
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Fast Simulation and Modeling |
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122 | (2) |
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Open Communication Architecture for Distributed Energy Resources in Advanced Automation |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (6) |
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Automation: The Heart of the IntelliGridSM |
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126 | (1) |
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Distributed Energy Resources and Storage Development & Integration |
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126 | (1) |
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Power Electronics-Based Controllers |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Technology Innovation in Electricity Use |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (3) |
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The Smart Grid -Enabling Demand Response-The Dynamic Energy Systems Concept |
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131 | (24) |
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Smart Energy Efficient End-Use Devices |
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132 | (1) |
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Smart Distributed Energy Resources |
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132 | (1) |
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Advanced Whole-Building Control Systems |
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133 | (1) |
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Integrated Communications Architecture |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (8) |
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138 | (3) |
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141 | (1) |
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Role of Technology in Demand Response |
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142 | (1) |
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Current Limitations and Scope for Dynamic Energy Management |
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143 | (1) |
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Distributed Energy Resources |
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144 | (2) |
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How is Dynamic Energy Management Different? |
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146 | (2) |
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Overview of a Dynamic Energy Management System Operation from an Integrated Perspective |
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148 | (2) |
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Key Characteristics of Smart Energy-Efficient End-use Devices and Distributed Energy Resources (Together Referred to as ``Smart Devices'') |
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150 | (1) |
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Key Characteristics of Advanced Whole-building Control Systems |
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151 | (1) |
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Key Features of a Dynamic Energy Management System |
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151 | (4) |
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The EnergyportSM as Part of the Smart Grid |
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155 | (16) |
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What is the EnergyPortSM? |
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162 | (1) |
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What Are the Generic Features of the EnergyPortSM? |
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162 | (9) |
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Simplify Building Systems |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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Appliances that Talk to Each Other |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (1) |
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Network Communications Management |
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169 | (1) |
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Remote Consumer-Site Vicinity Monitoring |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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Policies & Programs to Encourage End-Use Energy Efficiency |
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171 | (18) |
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Policies and Programs in Action |
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174 | (11) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (7) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Energy Efficiency Challenges in the Middle East and North Africa |
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185 | (4) |
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189 | (32) |
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The Market Planning Framework |
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194 | (1) |
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Factors Influencing Customer Acceptance and Response |
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195 | (15) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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Advertising and Promotion |
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202 | (3) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (4) |
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210 | (3) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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The Implementation Process |
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212 | (1) |
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Monitoring and Evaluation |
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213 | (8) |
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Monitoring Program Validity |
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215 | (1) |
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Data and Information Requirements |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (4) |
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Efficient Electric End-use Technology Alternatives |
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221 | (24) |
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221 | (9) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (1) |
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Hyper-Efficient Appliances |
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226 | (1) |
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Ductless Residential Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners |
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227 | (1) |
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Variable Refrigerant Flow Air Conditionings |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Hyper-Efficient Residential Appliances |
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229 | (1) |
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Data Center Energy Efficiency |
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229 | (1) |
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Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Street and Area Lighting |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (8) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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Equipment Retrofit and Replacement |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Industrial Energy Management Programs |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (4) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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Induction Process Heating |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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Efficiency Advantages of Electric Process Heat Systems |
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241 | (1) |
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Merits of Elecrotechnologies Beyond Energy Efficiency |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (14) |
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245 | (5) |
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What is Demand-side Planning? |
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247 | (1) |
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Why Consider the Demand Side? |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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Issues Critical to the Demand-side |
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250 | (8) |
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How can Demand-side Activities Help Achieve Its Objective? |
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250 | (1) |
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The Utility Planning Process |
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250 | (4) |
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Demand Response & Energy Efficiency |
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254 | (1) |
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What Type of Demand-side Activities should Providers Pursue? |
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254 | (4) |
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How Do I Select those Alternatives that are most Beneficial? |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (30) |
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259 | (2) |
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General Information Requirements |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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Non-monetary Benefits & Costs |
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264 | (3) |
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What Changes in the Load Shape Can be Expected by Implementing Demand-side Alternatives? |
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265 | (2) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (3) |
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How can Adoption of Demand-side Alternatives be Forecasted and Promoted? |
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268 | (2) |
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Estimating Future Market Demand & Customer Participation Rates |
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270 | (2) |
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Consumer & Market Research |
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272 | (1) |
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Customer Adoption Techniques |
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273 | (2) |
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What is the Best Way to Implement Selected Demand-side Programs? |
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275 | (1) |
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Program Implementation Issues |
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275 | (4) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (3) |
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The Implementation Process |
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279 | (2) |
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How Should Monitoring and Evaluation of the Performance of Demand-side Program and Activities be Best Achieved? |
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280 | (1) |
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Monitoring and Evalution Approaches |
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281 | (1) |
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Issues in Program Monitoring and Evaluation |
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282 | (2) |
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Monitoring Program Validity |
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282 | (1) |
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Data and Information Requirements |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Monitoring and Evaluation Programs |
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284 | (5) |
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How Do I Get Started in Addressing Demand-side Planning Issues as they Relate to My Utility? |
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286 | (3) |
| Appendix---Additional Resources |
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289 | (8) |
| Index |
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297 | |
