Acknowledgements |
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xiv | |
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xvi | |
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xxviii | |
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1 | (19) |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Principles of the criminal law |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 Sources of criminal law |
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7 | (4) |
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1.4 The label of an offence |
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11 | (2) |
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1.5 The Human Rights Act 1998 |
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13 | (3) |
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1.6 Codification of criminal law |
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16 | (4) |
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2 The elements of a crime |
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20 | (16) |
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2.1 Actus reus and mens rea |
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20 | (2) |
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2.2 Understanding the requirement of an act |
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22 | (2) |
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2.3 Coincidence of actus reus and mens rea |
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24 | (8) |
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2.4 Criminal liability without an act |
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32 | (4) |
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36 | (22) |
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36 | (1) |
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3.2 General approach to issues of causation |
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36 | (20) |
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3.3 Criticisms and reform |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (23) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (13) |
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4.3 A General Duty of Rescue? |
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72 | (6) |
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4.4 Omissions and causation |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (41) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (15) |
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97 | (16) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (6) |
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122 | (24) |
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122 | (1) |
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6.2 What does strict liability mean? |
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122 | (3) |
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6.3 When will strict liability be imposed? |
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125 | (8) |
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6.4 Strict liability and defences |
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133 | (1) |
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6.5 Strict liability offences and the ECHR |
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133 | (6) |
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6.6 The merits of strict liability |
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139 | (2) |
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6.7 Compromise positions on strict liability |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (3) |
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146 | (20) |
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146 | (1) |
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7.2 The actus reus of murder |
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146 | (7) |
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153 | (7) |
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160 | (6) |
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166 | (42) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (24) |
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8.3 Diminished responsibility |
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191 | (13) |
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8.4 Suicide pacts and assisting suicide |
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204 | (4) |
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9 Involuntary manslaughter |
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208 | (41) |
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208 | (1) |
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9.2 `Unlawful act' manslaughter |
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209 | (18) |
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9.3 Manslaughter by gross negligence |
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227 | (17) |
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9.4 Reckless manslaughter |
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244 | (3) |
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247 | (2) |
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10 Non-fatal offences against the person |
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249 | (28) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (5) |
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255 | (1) |
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10.4 Occasioning actual bodily harm, wounding, inflicting GBH and causing GBH |
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256 | (10) |
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10.5 Racially aggravated assaults |
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266 | (2) |
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10.6 Administering poison, etc |
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268 | (4) |
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10.7 Reform of the law of offences against the person |
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272 | (5) |
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11 Consent and offences against the person |
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277 | (24) |
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277 | (1) |
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11.2 How to approach the issue of consent |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (9) |
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11.4 Consent recognized in law |
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287 | (11) |
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11.5 Consent and the ECHR |
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298 | (3) |
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301 | (43) |
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12.1 The background to the Sexual Offences Act 2003 |
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301 | (1) |
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12.2 Non-consensual offences |
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302 | (35) |
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12.3 Offences against children |
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337 | (4) |
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12.1 Other sexual offences |
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341 | (3) |
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344 | (47) |
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344 | (1) |
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13.2 Basic definition of theft |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (12) |
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358 | (3) |
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13.5 Belonging to another |
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361 | (5) |
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366 | (14) |
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13.7 Intention permanently to deprive |
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380 | (11) |
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391 | (9) |
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391 | (1) |
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14.2 Elements of the offence |
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391 | (9) |
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15 Burglary and related offences |
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400 | (13) |
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400 | (10) |
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410 | (1) |
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15.3 Trespass with intent to commit a sexual offence |
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411 | (1) |
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15.4 Going equipped with housebreaking implements |
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412 | (1) |
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413 | (33) |
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414 | (2) |
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16.2 Section 2: fraud by false representation |
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416 | (15) |
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16.3 Section 3: fraud by failing to disclose information |
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431 | (3) |
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16.4 Section 4: fraud by abuse of position |
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434 | (4) |
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16.5 Section 11: obtaining services dishonestly |
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438 | (2) |
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16.6 Section 6: possession of articles for use in fraud |
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440 | (4) |
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16.7 Section 7: making, adapting, etc articles for fraud |
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444 | (2) |
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17 Related offences in the Theft Acts 1968 and 1978 |
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446 | (13) |
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446 | (1) |
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17.2 Removal of articles from places open to the public |
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447 | (1) |
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447 | (2) |
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17.4 Aggravated vehicle-taking |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (3) |
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17.6 Making off without payment |
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453 | (6) |
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18 Offences of damage to property |
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459 | (25) |
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459 | (1) |
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18.2 Destroying or damaging property of another |
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460 | (17) |
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18.3 Destroying, etc property with intent to endanger life |
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477 | (5) |
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482 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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18.6 Racially or religiously aggravated criminal damage |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (53) |
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484 | (1) |
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19.2 The derivative nature of secondary liability |
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485 | (1) |
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19.3 Distinguishing principals, innocent agents and accessories |
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486 | (2) |
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19.4 Liability as an accessory |
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488 | (12) |
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19.5 Mens rea of the secondary party |
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500 | (12) |
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19.6 Knowledge of any facts necessary to make P's act criminal |
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512 | (7) |
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19.7 Legislative reform of parasitic accessorial liability in murder |
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519 | (1) |
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19.8 Can an accessory be liable for a more serious offence than the principal? |
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520 | (3) |
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19.9 Defences available only to secondary parties |
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523 | (7) |
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19.10 Derivative versus inchoate liability |
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530 | (3) |
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533 | (4) |
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537 | (31) |
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537 | (1) |
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538 | (1) |
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539 | (7) |
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546 | (9) |
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20.5 Impossibility and attempts |
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555 | (5) |
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560 | (4) |
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20.7 Why have a crime of attempt? |
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564 | (4) |
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568 | (31) |
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568 | (1) |
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21.2 Rationale of offence |
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569 | (1) |
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21.3 Statutory and common law conspiracy |
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570 | (1) |
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21.4 The elements of statutory conspiracy |
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571 | (20) |
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21.5 Exemptions from liability for conspiracy |
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591 | (1) |
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21.6 Common law conspiracies |
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592 | (5) |
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21.7 Reform of conspiracy |
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597 | (2) |
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22 Assisting and encouraging: Serious Crime Act 2007, Part 2 |
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599 | (20) |
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599 | (1) |
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22.2 The Serious Crime Act 2007, Part 2 |
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600 | (17) |
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22.3 Impossibility and the Serious Crime Act 2007 |
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617 | (1) |
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22.4 The possibility of reform? |
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617 | (2) |
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619 | (70) |
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619 | (1) |
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23.2 The incapacity of children |
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620 | (1) |
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23.3 Duress by threats or circumstances |
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620 | (27) |
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23.4 Duress of circumstances |
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647 | (4) |
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651 | (8) |
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23.6 The use of force in public or private defence |
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659 | (24) |
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23.7 Judicial development of defences |
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683 | (2) |
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23.8 Justifications and excuses |
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685 | (4) |
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689 | (25) |
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689 | (1) |
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689 | (3) |
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24.3 The relationship between automatism and insanity |
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692 | (1) |
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693 | (5) |
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24.5 Insanity: the M'Naghten Rules |
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698 | (11) |
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709 | (4) |
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24.7 Diminished responsibility |
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713 | (1) |
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714 | (32) |
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714 | (2) |
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25.2 Voluntary and involuntary intoxication |
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716 | (1) |
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25.3 `Specific' and `basic' intent |
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717 | (16) |
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733 | (1) |
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25.5 Voluntary intoxication leading to a loss of mens rea |
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734 | (4) |
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25.6 Drinking `with intent': Dutch courage |
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738 | (1) |
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25.7 Intoxication and defences |
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739 | (4) |
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743 | (3) |
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26 Liability of corporations |
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746 | (31) |
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746 | (1) |
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746 | (1) |
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747 | (1) |
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26.4 Liability of a corporation |
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748 | (4) |
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26.5 Failure to prevent offences |
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752 | (2) |
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26.6 Corporate manslaughter |
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754 | (14) |
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26.7 Unincorporated associations |
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768 | (1) |
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26.8 Why convict corporations at all? |
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769 | (8) |
Index |
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777 | |