Table of statutes |
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xvi | |
Table of cases |
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xxxiii | |
Abbreviations |
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lxxiv | |
Part I General Principles |
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3 | (14) |
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1.1 A universal definition of 'a crime'? |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 A universal purpose in criminal law? |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Universal characteristics of a crime? |
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5 | (11) |
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16 | (1) |
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2 Sources of criminal law |
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17 | (18) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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2.5 The ECHR and Human Rights Act 1998 |
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23 | (10) |
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33 | (2) |
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3 Procedure and sentencing |
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35 | (15) |
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3.1 Classification of offences |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (1) |
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3.4 Wrongdoing and punishment |
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40 | (5) |
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45 | (5) |
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4 The elements of a crime: actus reus |
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50 | (63) |
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50 | (9) |
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4.2 Analysis of an actus reus |
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59 | (10) |
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4.3 A 'state of affairs' as an actus reus |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (18) |
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90 | (23) |
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5 The elements of a crime: mens rea |
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113 | (48) |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (32) |
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5.3 Further principles of mens rea |
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148 | (13) |
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161 | (10) |
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6.1 Negligence as failure to comply with an objective standard |
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161 | (5) |
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6.2 Negligence as the basis of liability |
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166 | (1) |
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6.3 Degrees of negligence |
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167 | (2) |
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6.4 Should negligence be a ground of liability? |
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169 | (2) |
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7 Crimes of strict liability |
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171 | (33) |
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7.1 The nature of strict liability |
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171 | (7) |
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7.2 The presumption of mens rea |
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178 | (5) |
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7.3 Recognizing offences of strict liability |
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183 | (13) |
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7.4 Arguments for and against strict liability |
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196 | (3) |
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7.5 Negligence/lack of due diligence as a preferred approach |
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199 | (5) |
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204 | (75) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (2) |
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8.3 The principal offender |
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208 | (5) |
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8.4 Basic secondary liability |
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213 | (25) |
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8.5 Joint enterprise liability |
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238 | (23) |
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8.6 Secondary participation and inchoate offences |
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261 | (1) |
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8.7 The relationship between the liability of the principal and secondary party |
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261 | (6) |
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8.8 Withdrawal by a secondary party |
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267 | (5) |
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8.9 Victims as parties to crime |
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272 | (1) |
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8.10 Instigation for the purpose of entrapment |
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273 | (2) |
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8.11 Reform of secondary liability |
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275 | (4) |
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9 Assistance after the offence |
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279 | (11) |
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9.1 Impeding the apprehension or prosecution of offenders |
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279 | (6) |
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9.2 Compounding an offence |
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285 | (3) |
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9.3 Refusal to aid a constable |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (2) |
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10 Corporate and vicarious liability |
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290 | (31) |
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10.1 Liability of corporations |
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290 | (20) |
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310 | (11) |
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11 Mental conditions, intoxication and mistake |
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321 | (63) |
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321 | (3) |
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324 | (26) |
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350 | (3) |
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353 | (18) |
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11.5 Combined, consecutive and concurrent causes of loss of capacity |
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371 | (3) |
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374 | (10) |
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384 | (73) |
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384 | (3) |
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387 | (25) |
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412 | (13) |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (2) |
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12.6 Public and private defence |
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427 | (26) |
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453 | (2) |
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455 | (2) |
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457 | (100) |
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457 | (2) |
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459 | (25) |
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484 | (42) |
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13.4 Encouragement and assistance under the Serious Crime Act 2007 |
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526 | (21) |
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13.5 Inchoate crime and impossibility |
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547 | (10) |
Part II Particular Crimes |
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557 | (18) |
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557 | (13) |
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14.2 The sentence for murder |
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570 | (2) |
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14.3 Proposals for reform of murder |
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572 | (3) |
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575 | (88) |
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15.1 Loss of self-control |
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576 | (28) |
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15.2 Diminished responsibility |
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604 | (18) |
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15.3 Involuntary manslaughter |
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622 | (25) |
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15.4 The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 |
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647 | (16) |
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16 Further homicide and related offences |
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663 | (44) |
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16.1 Offences ancillary to murder |
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663 | (4) |
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16.2 Complicity in suicide and suicide pacts |
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667 | (12) |
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679 | (3) |
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16.4 The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Acts 2004 and 2012 |
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682 | (7) |
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16.5 Child destruction and abortion |
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689 | (15) |
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16.6 Genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes |
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704 | (2) |
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16.7 The War Crimes Act 1991 |
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706 | (1) |
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17 Non-fatal offences against the person |
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707 | (110) |
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707 | (9) |
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17.2 Defences to assault and battery |
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716 | (21) |
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17.3 Assault occasioning actual bodily harm |
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737 | (2) |
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17.4 Wounding and grievous bodily harm: OAPA 1861, s 20 |
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739 | (5) |
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17.5 Section 18 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 |
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744 | (4) |
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748 | (1) |
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749 | (1) |
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17.8 Racially or religiously aggravated assaults |
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750 | (4) |
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754 | (13) |
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17.10 Ill-treatment or neglect |
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767 | (1) |
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17.11 Administering poison |
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768 | (5) |
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773 | (9) |
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782 | (7) |
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17.14 Other abduction offences |
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789 | (3) |
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792 | (14) |
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806 | (9) |
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815 | (2) |
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817 | (73) |
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817 | (3) |
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18.2 Recurring fundamental concepts in the 2003 Act |
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820 | (29) |
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18.3 Non-consensual offences |
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849 | (12) |
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18.4 Offences against children under 13 (ss 5-8) |
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861 | (6) |
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18.5 Sexual offences against children aged 13 to 15 |
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867 | (9) |
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18.6 Offences of abuse of trust |
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876 | (1) |
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876 | (2) |
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18.8 Offences involving mental disorder |
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878 | (1) |
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18.9 Other sexual offences |
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879 | (6) |
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18.10 Overarching problems with the 2003 Act |
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885 | (3) |
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888 | (2) |
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890 | (69) |
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19.1 Interpreting the Theft Acts |
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890 | (1) |
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19.2 The offence of theft |
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891 | (1) |
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892 | (46) |
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938 | (19) |
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19.5 Corporations and their officers |
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957 | (1) |
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19.6 Liability of spouses and civil partners for Theft Act offences |
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957 | (1) |
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958 | (1) |
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959 | (8) |
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20.1 Robbery under the Theft Act 1968 |
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959 | (8) |
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21 Offences of temporary deprivation |
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967 | (16) |
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21.1 Removal of articles from places open to the public |
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967 | (3) |
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970 | (9) |
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21.3 Aggravated vehicle-taking |
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979 | (4) |
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22 Making off without payment |
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983 | (6) |
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22.1 Making off under the Theft Act 1978 |
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983 | (6) |
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989 | (60) |
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989 | (2) |
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23.2 The general fraud offence |
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991 | (10) |
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23.3 Section 2: fraud by false representation |
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1001 | (20) |
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23.4 Section 3: fraud by failing to disclose information |
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1021 | (5) |
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23.5 Section 4: fraud by abuse of position |
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1026 | (7) |
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23.6 Section 11: obtaining services dishonestly |
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1033 | (3) |
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23.7 Section 6: possession of articles for fraud |
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1036 | (7) |
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23.8 Section 7: making or supplying articles for use in frauds |
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1043 | (6) |
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24 Other offences involving fraud |
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1049 | (17) |
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1049 | (9) |
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24.2 Corporations and their officers |
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1058 | (1) |
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24.3 False statements by company directors |
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1059 | (2) |
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24.4 Suppression of documents |
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1061 | (1) |
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24.5 Cheating the public revenue |
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1062 | (4) |
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25 Blackmail and related offences |
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1066 | (12) |
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1066 | (10) |
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25.2 Unlawful harassment of debtors |
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1076 | (1) |
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25.3 Other offences based on threats |
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1077 | (1) |
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26 Burglary and related offences |
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1078 | (24) |
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1078 | (13) |
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26.2 Burglary in respect of a dwelling |
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1091 | (2) |
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1093 | (3) |
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26.4 Trespass with intent to commit a sexual offence |
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1096 | (1) |
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1097 | (4) |
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26.6 Other trespass offences |
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1101 | (1) |
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27 Handling and related offences |
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1102 | (40) |
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27.1 Handling stolen goods |
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1102 | (24) |
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27.2 Dishonestly retaining a wrongful credit |
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1126 | (2) |
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27.3 Advertising for the return of stolen goods |
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1128 | (1) |
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1128 | (14) |
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1142 | (1) |
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29 Offences of damage to property |
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1143 | (35) |
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29.1 Destroying or damaging property of another |
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1143 | (23) |
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29.2 Destroying or damaging property with intent to endanger life |
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1166 | (5) |
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1171 | (1) |
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29.4 Racially or religiously aggravated criminal damage |
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1172 | (1) |
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29.5 Threats to destroy or damage property |
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1172 | (2) |
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1174 | (2) |
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1176 | (1) |
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29.8 Mode of trial and sentence |
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1177 | (1) |
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30 Computer misuse offences |
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1178 | (13) |
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1178 | (2) |
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30.2 Unauthorized access to computer material |
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1180 | (5) |
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30.3 Unauthorized access with intent to commit or facilitate further offences |
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1185 | (1) |
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30.4 Unauthorized acts with intent to impair or recklessness as to impairment of a computer |
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1186 | (3) |
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30.5 Making, supplying or obtaining articles for use in offences under s 1 or s 3: s 3A |
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1189 | (2) |
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31 Obscene communication and publication offences |
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1191 | (36) |
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31.1 Obscene publications |
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1191 | (20) |
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31.2 Obscenity in the theatre |
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1211 | (1) |
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1211 | (4) |
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31.4 Possession of prohibited images of children |
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1215 | (1) |
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31.5 Posting indecent or obscene matter |
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1216 | (2) |
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31.6 Other offensive communications offences |
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1218 | (3) |
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1221 | (1) |
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31.8 Outraging public decency |
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1221 | (4) |
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31.9 Common law offences of blasphemy, libel and sedition |
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1225 | (2) |
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32 Offences against public order |
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1227 | (39) |
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32.1 The Public Order Act 1986 |
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1227 | (1) |
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1228 | (3) |
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1231 | (3) |
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1234 | (3) |
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32.5 Fear or provocation of violence |
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1237 | (3) |
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32.6 Harassment, alarm or distress |
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1240 | (6) |
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32.7 Intentional harassment, alarm or distress |
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1246 | (1) |
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32.8 Racially or religiously aggravated public order offences |
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1246 | (3) |
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32.9 Other public assembly-related offences |
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1249 | (1) |
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32.10 Stirring up hatred on grounds of race, religion or sexual orientation |
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1249 | (9) |
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1258 | (8) |
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1266 | (23) |
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33.1 Background to the legislation |
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1266 | (1) |
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1267 | (7) |
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33.3 Careless and inconsiderate driving |
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1274 | (6) |
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33.4 Causing death by driving |
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1280 | (7) |
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33.5 Causing serious injury by dangerous driving |
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1287 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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1289 | (2) |
Index |
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1291 | |