Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
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1 Where We Are Going, and Why, and How |
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1 | (20) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 LCS Patterns Across People and Resources Within People |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 A Sketch of the Articulation |
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4 | (5) |
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1.4 Model-Based Reasoning |
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9 | (5) |
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1.5 From Situated Action to Measurement-Model Variables |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (5) |
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2 A Sociocognitive Perspective |
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21 | (25) |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2 Complex Adaptive Systems |
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21 | (2) |
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2.3 Patterns Within Individuals |
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23 | (6) |
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2.4 Patterns Across Individuals |
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29 | (4) |
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2.5 A Gedanken Representation, With Implications for Assessment |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (5) |
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41 | (5) |
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3 The Structure of Assessment Arguments |
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46 | (23) |
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46 | (1) |
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3.2 Psychological Perspectives |
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46 | (1) |
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3.3 The Assessment Design/Interpretation Argument |
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47 | (13) |
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3.4 The Assessment-Use Argument |
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60 | (6) |
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66 | (3) |
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4 A Sociocognitive Perspective on Design/Interpretation Arguments |
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69 | (36) |
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69 | (2) |
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4.2 Assessments Are Practices |
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71 | (1) |
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4.3 What Claims, If Any, Might We Make About Individuals? |
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71 | (2) |
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4.4 Constructs, Warrants, Backing, and Alternative Explanations |
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73 | (6) |
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4.5 Patterns at Many Levels |
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79 | (4) |
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4.6 What Makes Tasks Difficult? |
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83 | (3) |
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4.7 Characterizing Task Situations |
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86 | (1) |
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4.8 Characterizing Performances |
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87 | (3) |
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4.9 What Can This Person Be Thinking? |
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90 | (6) |
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4.10 Applying the Interpretation Argument to Multiple Examinees |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (6) |
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5 A Sociocognitive Perspective on Assessment-Use Arguments |
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105 | (28) |
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105 | (1) |
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5.2 Acting in the Assessment and Criterion Situations |
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105 | (7) |
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112 | (2) |
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5.4 Behavioral Assessment-Use Arguments |
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114 | (2) |
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5.5 Trait Assessment-Use Arguments |
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116 | (6) |
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5.6 Trait Within Social/Behavioral Domain Assessment-Use Arguments |
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122 | (3) |
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5.7 Information-Processing Assessment-Use Arguments |
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125 | (3) |
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5.8 Applying the Use Argument to Multiple Examinees |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (4) |
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6 Meaning in Measurement Models |
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133 | (29) |
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133 | (1) |
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6.2 Connecting Measurement Models With Assessment Arguments |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (3) |
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6.4 Background for the Force Concept Inventory Example |
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139 | (3) |
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6.5 Classical Test Theory |
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142 | (9) |
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6.6 A Model for a "Resources" Narrative Space |
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151 | (5) |
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156 | (6) |
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7 Probability-Based Reasoning in Measurement Models |
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162 | (32) |
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162 | (1) |
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7.2 A Subjectivist-Bayesian Perspective on Model-Based Reasoning |
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162 | (2) |
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7.3 Additional Background for Hydrive |
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164 | (1) |
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7.4 Concepts in Probability-Based Reasoning |
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165 | (14) |
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7.5 Working With Probability Models |
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179 | (11) |
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190 | (4) |
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194 | (24) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (6) |
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201 | (8) |
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209 | (3) |
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8.5 What Are True Scores, Latent Variables, and Measurement Error? |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (4) |
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9 A Conditional Sense of Fairness |
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218 | (27) |
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218 | (2) |
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9.2 Marginal and Conditional Inference |
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220 | (1) |
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9.3 Conditioning Evaluation Processes on Information About Students |
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220 | (6) |
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9.4 Conditioning Task Situations on Information About Students |
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226 | (15) |
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241 | (4) |
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10 Measurement Models and Fairness |
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245 | (23) |
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245 | (1) |
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10.2 The Rasch Model for Dichotomous Items |
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245 | (4) |
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249 | (2) |
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10.4 Differential Item Functioning |
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251 | (12) |
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263 | (5) |
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11 Item Response Theory I: Item-Level Models |
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268 | (21) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (4) |
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273 | (7) |
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11.4 Item-Level Response Models |
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280 | (5) |
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285 | (4) |
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12 Item Response Theory II: Sociocognitive Perspectives |
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289 | (24) |
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289 | (1) |
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12.2 A Sociocognitive View of Responding to Items |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (6) |
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12.4 Sociocognitive Clines |
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298 | (6) |
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12.5 Analytic Approaches to IRT From a Sociocognitive Perspective |
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304 | (6) |
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310 | (3) |
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13 Item Response Theory III: Measurement |
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313 | (35) |
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313 | (1) |
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13.2 A Closer Look at Measurement |
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313 | (8) |
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321 | (5) |
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13.4 Incorporating Cognitive Theory Into IRT |
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326 | (8) |
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13.5 So, Is It Measurement? |
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334 | (8) |
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342 | (6) |
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14 Generalizability Theory |
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348 | (19) |
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348 | (1) |
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14.2 A Sociocognitive Perspective on Generalizability Theory |
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348 | (9) |
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14.3 Modeling Rater Effects |
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357 | (6) |
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363 | (4) |
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15 Cognitive Diagnosis Models |
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367 | (18) |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (3) |
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15.3 Mixed-Number Subtraction |
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370 | (5) |
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375 | (4) |
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15.5 A Measurement Model for a Conditional Sense of Fairness |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (4) |
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16 Simulation-Based Assessment |
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385 | (30) |
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385 | (1) |
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16.2 A Brief History of Evidence-Bearing Opportunities |
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385 | (5) |
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16.3 Arguments for Assessments With Contingent Data |
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390 | (5) |
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16.4 Evidence Identification |
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395 | (6) |
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16.5 Modular Assembly of Measurement-Model Components |
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401 | (8) |
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16.6 Benefits of Measurement Modeling |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (5) |
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415 | (13) |
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415 | (1) |
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17.2 Where We Have Arrived |
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415 | (3) |
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17.3 Frames for Thinking About Assessment |
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418 | (7) |
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425 | (3) |
Index |
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428 | |