Preface |
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v | |
Editors |
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xi | |
Contributors |
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xiii | |
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Section I Integration of Soil Process Characterization |
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Multidisciplinary Approach for Assessing Subsurface Non-Point Source Pollution |
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1 | (58) |
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2 | (9) |
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Definition and Characteristics of NPS Pollution |
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3 | (1) |
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The NPS Pollution Problem |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Global Scope and Significance |
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5 | (3) |
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8 | (1) |
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Justification for Assessing NPS Pollution in Soil |
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9 | (2) |
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Multidisciplinary Approach for Assessing Subsurface NPS Pollutants |
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11 | (31) |
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Deterministic Modeling Process |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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Simulation and Uncertainty Analysis |
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21 | (2) |
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Spatial Factors to Consider When Modeling NPS Pollutants in Soil |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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Spatial Variability and Structure |
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25 | (5) |
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Modeling NPS Pollutants in Soil |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (1) |
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GIS-Based Deterministic Models |
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37 | (1) |
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GIS-Based Stochastic Models |
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38 | (1) |
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Role of Geostatistics and Fuzzy Set Theory |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (17) |
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San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Vulnerability Study |
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42 | (4) |
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46 | (13) |
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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Soil Processes: Implications for Method Selection and Characterization Studies |
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59 | (28) |
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60 | (4) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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Determinism in Soil Processes |
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63 | (1) |
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Stochasticity in Soil Processes |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (2) |
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Issues in Field Study Design |
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69 | (6) |
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69 | (2) |
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Characterizing Scale of Study |
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71 | (2) |
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Irrigation, Solute Delivery, and Three-Dimensional Flow |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (12) |
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79 | (1) |
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Appendix: Breakthrough Curve Data Analysis |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (7) |
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Modeling as a Tool for the Characterization of Soil Water and Chemical Fate and Transport |
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87 | (36) |
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88 | (2) |
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General Conceptualization of Soil Processes |
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90 | (6) |
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Instantaneous Equilibrium |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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Soil-Water Transport Processes |
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96 | (5) |
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Classical Description of Water Movement |
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96 | (2) |
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Characterization of Water Content--Pressure Head and Hydraulic Conductivity--Pressure Head Relationships |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (1) |
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Soil-Solute Transport Processes |
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101 | (12) |
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Classical Description of Solute Movement |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (2) |
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Volatilization and Gas Solubility |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (10) |
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Building Soil Processes Models |
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113 | (2) |
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Inverse Characterization of Soil Processes |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (6) |
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Section II Soil and Physical Processes: Energy and Water |
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Techniques for Characterizing Water and Energy Balance at the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Interface |
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123 | (44) |
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The Components of Water and Energy Balances: Description and Nature of Processes |
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124 | (5) |
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Description and Nature of Processes and Associated Uncertainty |
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125 | (2) |
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Different Approaches and Spatiotemporal Scales |
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127 | (1) |
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Remote Sensing: Potential as a Global Data Source |
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128 | (1) |
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Modeling of the Water and Energy Balance at the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Interface and Scale Effects |
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129 | (11) |
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The Use of Models for the Description of Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Exchange Processes |
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129 | (1) |
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A Simple Water and Energy Balance Model: The Interaction between Land and Atmosphere |
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129 | (2) |
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The Force Restore Approach |
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131 | (1) |
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Dynamics of Soil Moisture Using a Simple Water Balance |
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132 | (1) |
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Exploration of Optimal Conditions for Vegetation through a Water Balance Model |
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133 | (3) |
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136 | (1) |
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Interaction of Model Development and Temporal and Spatial Scales |
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137 | (1) |
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Hydrologic Data Assimilation |
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138 | (2) |
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The Vegetation Components: Measurement Methods |
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140 | (10) |
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140 | (1) |
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Methods of Estimation of Interception |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Conservation of Mass Approach |
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142 | (2) |
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Conservation-of-Energy Approach |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Recharge and Temporal Soil Water Content Variations |
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148 | (2) |
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The Remote Sensing Perspective |
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150 | (5) |
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Relations between Spectral Measurements and Biophysical Properties |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Recommendations and Future Research |
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155 | (12) |
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155 | (3) |
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158 | (9) |
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Field Methods for Monitoring Soil Water Status |
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167 | (30) |
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168 | (2) |
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Methods of Characterization: Trade-offs: Comparative Study |
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170 | (18) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
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Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) |
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173 | (2) |
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Frequency Domain (FD): Capacitance and FDR |
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175 | (1) |
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Amplitude Domain Reflectometry (ADR): Impedance |
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176 | (2) |
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Phase Transmission (Virrib) |
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178 | (1) |
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Time Domain Transmission (TDT) |
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179 | (1) |
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Other Volumetric Field Methods |
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179 | (2) |
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Tensiometric Field Methods |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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Granular Matrix Sensors (GMS) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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Recommendations and Future Research |
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188 | (9) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (4) |
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Measurement and Characterization of Soil Hydraulic Properties |
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197 | (56) |
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198 | (1) |
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Principles of Soil Water Flow and Parameter Definitions |
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199 | (4) |
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Field Methods for In Situ Measurement of Soil Hydraulic Properties |
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203 | (43) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Steady-State Infiltration |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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Single-Ring and Double-Ring Infiltrometer Methods |
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207 | (1) |
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Traditional Steady Flow Analyses |
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207 | (1) |
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Updated Steady Flow Analyses |
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208 | (2) |
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Traditional Transient Flow Analysis |
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210 | (2) |
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Updated Transient Flow Analyses |
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212 | (1) |
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Twin-Ring and Multiple-Ring Infiltrometer Methods |
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213 | (2) |
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Generalized Steady Flow Analysis for Ring Infiltrometers |
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215 | (1) |
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Calculation of Matric Flux Potential, Sorptivity, and Wetting Front Pressure Head |
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216 | (1) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Ring Infiltrometer Methods |
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216 | (1) |
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Well or Borehole Permeameters |
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217 | (3) |
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Well Permeameter Flow Theory |
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220 | (1) |
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Original Well Permeameter Analysis |
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221 | (1) |
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Updated Well Permeameter Analyses |
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222 | (1) |
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Improved Steady Flow Analyses |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (2) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Well Permeameter Methods |
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226 | (1) |
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Tension or Disc Infiltrometers |
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227 | (1) |
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Tension Infiltrometer Flow Theory |
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228 | (4) |
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Steady Flow --- Multiple Head Tension Infiltrometer Analyses |
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232 | (4) |
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Transient Flow --- Single Head Tension Infiltrometer Analysis |
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236 | (2) |
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Accounting for Contact Sand |
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238 | (2) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of the Tension Infiltrometer Method |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (1) |
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Instantaneous Profile Method |
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242 | (3) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of the Instantaneous Profile Method |
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245 | (1) |
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Recommendations for Further Research |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (6) |
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247 | (6) |
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Unraveling Microscale Flow and Pore Geometry: NMRI and X-Ray Tomography |
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253 | (36) |
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254 | (1) |
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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255 | (17) |
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Measurement Principle: The Behavior of Spins in Magnetic Fields |
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255 | (4) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (7) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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Magnetic Field Gradient Coils |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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Applications of NMRI to Soil-Plant-Water Processes |
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268 | (3) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of NMR Imaging |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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X-Ray Computed Tomography |
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272 | (10) |
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Measurement Principle: Attenuation of X-Ray Photon Energy |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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Analysis of Measured Attenuation |
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274 | (1) |
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Interpretation of Attenuation Coefficients |
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274 | (1) |
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Homogeneous Object and Monochromatic X-Rays |
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274 | (2) |
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Heterogeneous Object and Monochromatic X-Rays |
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276 | (1) |
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Heterogeneous Object and Polychromatic X-Rays |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (1) |
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Applications of X-Ray Tomography to Soil-Plant-Water Processes |
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279 | (2) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of X-Ray Tomography |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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Use of NMRI and X-Ray Tomography for Practical Engineering Purposes |
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282 | (1) |
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Prospects and Future Research Imperatives |
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283 | (6) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (5) |
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Preferential Flow: Identification and Quantification |
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289 | (20) |
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290 | (1) |
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Background on Preferential Flow Processes and Identification |
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291 | (2) |
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Quantification of Preferential Flow |
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293 | (10) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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Mechanistic, Single-Domain, Derived Stochastically (Averaging) with Deterministic Result |
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296 | (1) |
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Empirical Single-Domain, Deterministic |
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297 | (1) |
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Mechanistic, Bidomain and Multidomain, Deterministic |
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298 | (2) |
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Mechanistic, Single-Domain, Stochastic |
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300 | (1) |
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A New Three-Domain Infiltration Concept for Structured Soils |
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300 | (3) |
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303 | (6) |
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304 | (5) |
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Section III Soil and Solutes Processes |
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Field Methods for Monitoring Solute Transport |
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309 | (48) |
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310 | (1) |
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Direct Extraction of Soil Solution |
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310 | (11) |
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Field Methods for In Situ Extraction of Soil Solution |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (4) |
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Combined Solution Sampling --- Tensiometer Probes |
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314 | (2) |
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316 | (1) |
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Passive Capillary Samplers |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (2) |
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Solution Extraction from Soil Samples |
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321 | (1) |
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Indirect Field Methods for Determining Solute Concentration |
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321 | (15) |
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Time Domain Reflectometry |
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321 | (5) |
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Electrical Resistivity Methods |
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326 | (3) |
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Electromagnetic Induction |
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329 | (3) |
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332 | (3) |
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335 | (1) |
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Comparison of Direct and Indirect Methods |
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336 | (1) |
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Case Studies and Recommendations for Future Research |
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337 | (20) |
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Detailed Characterization of Solute Transport in a Heterogeneous Field Soil with Fiber Optic Mini Probes and Time Domain Reflectometry |
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337 | (5) |
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Monitoring Snowmelt-Induced Unsaturated Flow and Transport Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Suction Samplers |
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342 | (3) |
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Recommendations for Future Research |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (10) |
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Time Domain Reflectometry as an Alternative in Solute Transport Studies |
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357 | (34) |
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358 | (1) |
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TDR System for Monitoring Water and Solute Transport |
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359 | (18) |
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359 | (1) |
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359 | (2) |
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Experimental Setup for Laboratory Experiments |
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361 | (1) |
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Probe Design and Placement |
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362 | (2) |
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364 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (3) |
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368 | (1) |
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Direct Calibration Approach |
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368 | (4) |
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Indirect Calibration Approach |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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Continuous Solute Application |
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373 | (1) |
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Transport Models Linked to TDR Measurements |
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374 | (2) |
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Strength and Weakness of TDR for Solute Transport Studies |
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376 | (1) |
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Application of TDR for Solute Transport Studies |
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377 | (7) |
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Steady-State Water Flow and Inert Solutes |
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377 | (4) |
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Transient Flow and Inert Solutes |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (2) |
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Recommendations and Future Research |
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384 | (7) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (5) |
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Characterization of Solute Transport Through Miscible Displacement Experiments |
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391 | (44) |
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Characterization of Solute Transport |
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392 | (3) |
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395 | (19) |
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The Miscible Displacement Experiment and Its Mathematical Description |
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395 | (2) |
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Flux, Resident, and Time-Averaged Concentrations |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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Flux, Averaged, and Time Resident Concentrations |
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398 | (2) |
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400 | (1) |
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Inlet Boundary Conditions |
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400 | (2) |
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Outlet Boundary Conditions |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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Analysis of the Breakthrough Curve |
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404 | (1) |
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Effect of Transport Mechanisms on the BTC |
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404 | (2) |
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406 | (2) |
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Characterizing Transport Mechanisms through Inverse Modeling |
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408 | (2) |
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Application for Sorbed Solutes: Estimation of the Retardation Factor |
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410 | (2) |
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412 | (2) |
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Techniques for Characterizing Nonequilibrium during Solute Transport in Soils |
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414 | (12) |
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Techniques Based on Breakthrough Curves |
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414 | (2) |
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Effect of Variation of the Pore Water Velocity |
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416 | (1) |
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Single and Multiple Tracers |
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417 | (1) |
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Flow-Interruption Technique |
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417 | (6) |
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Estimation of Nonequilibrium Parameters From Simple Experiments |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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Sequential Tracer Technique |
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425 | (1) |
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Recommendations and Future Research |
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426 | (9) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (7) |
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Methods to Determine Sorption of Pesticides and Other Organic Compounds |
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435 | (30) |
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436 | (2) |
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Sorption and Other Soil Processes |
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438 | (5) |
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439 | (3) |
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442 | (1) |
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Characterizing Sorption--Desorption Processes |
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443 | (12) |
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443 | (1) |
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443 | (1) |
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444 | (2) |
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446 | (4) |
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450 | (1) |
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Characterizing Sorption at Field Scale |
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450 | (2) |
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Estimating Sorption from Easily Measurable Soil Properties |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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Recommendations and Future Research |
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455 | (10) |
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456 | (1) |
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456 | (9) |
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Methods for Measuring Soil-Surface Gas Fluxes |
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465 | (38) |
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466 | (1) |
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Soil Mass Balance Approach |
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467 | (1) |
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468 | (11) |
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468 | (1) |
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Soil and Air Temperature and Humidity |
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468 | (1) |
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Chamber Headspace Gas Concentration |
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469 | (1) |
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470 | (1) |
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Air Sampling and Gas Concentration Analysis |
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471 | (1) |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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Non-Flow-Through SS Chambers |
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474 | (2) |
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Non-Steady-State Chambers |
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476 | (2) |
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Non-Flow-Through Chambers |
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478 | (1) |
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479 | (1) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Chamber Techniques |
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479 | (1) |
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Mass Exchange Using Micrometeorological Techniques |
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479 | (15) |
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480 | (2) |
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Bowen Ratio--Energy Balance Technique |
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482 | (3) |
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Eddy Covariance Technique |
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485 | (1) |
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Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Technique |
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486 | (1) |
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487 | (1) |
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Integrated Horizontal Flux Technique |
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487 | (2) |
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Mass Difference Technique |
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489 | (1) |
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Theoretical Profile Shape Technique |
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489 | (2) |
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Backward Lagrangian Stochastic Technique |
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491 | (1) |
|
Strengths and Weaknesses of Micrometeorological Techniques |
|
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492 | (2) |
|
Recommendations and Future Research |
|
|
494 | (9) |
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|
495 | (1) |
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496 | (7) |
|
Chemical Methods for Soil and Water Characterization |
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|
503 | (56) |
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505 | (12) |
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Criteria for Method Selection |
|
|
506 | (1) |
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|
506 | (1) |
|
Fitting to Analytical Purposes |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
Meeting the Method Detection Limit |
|
|
507 | (9) |
|
Assessment of Uncertainty |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Critical Discussion of Analytical Methods of Soil and Water |
|
|
517 | (32) |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
Nitrogen in Soil and Water |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
Laboratory Methods for Ammonia Determination |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
Indophenol Blue Colorimetry |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Distillation-Titrimetric Method |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
Nontraditional, New, or Advanced Methods |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
In Situ Methods for Ammonia Determination |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Sophisticated Instruments for Field Analysis |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Laboratory Methods for Nitrate and Nitrite Determination |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Nontraditional, New, or Advanced Methods of Capillary Electrophoresis |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Photochemical and Enzymatic Nitrate Reductions |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
In Situ Methods for Nitrate Determination |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Sophisticated Instruments for Field Analysis |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
High-Temperature Combustion Method |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Nontraditional, New, or Advanced Methods |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Phosphorus in Soil and Water |
|
|
529 | (4) |
|
Laboratory Methods for Phosphorus Determination |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
Chromatographic Techniques |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
Nontraditional, New, or Advanced Methods |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
In Situ Methods for Phosphorus Determination |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Laboratory Methods for Metal Determination |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
In Situ Method for Metal Determination |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Organic Carbon in Soils and Water |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Organic Carbon Determination |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Walkley--Black Method (Wet Oxidation) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
Carbon Analyzers (Dry Combustion) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
Pesticides in Soil and Water |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
General Approach for Screening Pesticides in Soil and Water |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Laboratory Methods for Pesticide Determination |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
545 | (2) |
|
High Performance Liquid Chromatography |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
In Situ Methods for Pesticide Determination |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
Recommendations and Future Trends |
|
|
549 | (10) |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
551 | (8) |
|
Section IV Soil and Microorganisms |
|
|
|
Evaluation and Characterization of Soil Microbiological Processes |
|
|
559 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (4) |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Soil as a Microbial Habitat |
|
|
562 | (2) |
|
Methods for Microbial Soil Characterization |
|
|
564 | (11) |
|
Sampling and Soil Handling |
|
|
564 | (2) |
|
Soil Respiration, Denitrification, and Nitrification |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
|
567 | (2) |
|
|
569 | (2) |
|
|
571 | (2) |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
|
575 | (4) |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
576 | (3) |
|
Recommendations and Future Research |
|
|
579 | (6) |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
580 | (5) |
|
Section V Spatial Variability and Scale Issues |
|
|
|
Geostatistical Procedures for Characterizing Soil Processes |
|
|
585 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Introduction --- Why Geostatistics? |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
|
587 | (18) |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
Second-Order Stationarity |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Univariate Estimation of Z |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Multivariate Estimation of Z |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
Limited Number of Secondary Data |
|
|
592 | (2) |
|
Exhaustive Secondary Data |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
Strongly Skewed Distributions |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
Local Spatial Uncertainty |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
598 | (3) |
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
|
603 | (2) |
|
|
605 | (3) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
Sampling Configuration and Sampling Goal |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Case Study: Exploring the Soil Moisture--Landscape Relationship |
|
|
608 | (6) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
609 | (5) |
|
|
614 | (3) |
|
|
614 | (3) |
|
Soil Variability Assessment with Fractal Techniques |
|
|
617 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
617 | (2) |
|
Fractal Models and Parameters of Spatial Variability |
|
|
619 | (13) |
|
|
620 | (6) |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
627 | (5) |
|
Simulating Spatial Variability with Fractal Models |
|
|
632 | (2) |
|
Summary, Critical Assessment, and Future Research |
|
|
634 | (5) |
|
|
635 | (4) |
|
Geospatial Measurements of Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity for Characterizing Soil Spatial Variability |
|
|
639 | (34) |
|
|
|
640 | (6) |
|
Justification for Characterizing Spatial Variability with Geospatial ECa Measurements |
|
|
640 | (2) |
|
Edaphic Factors Influencing ECa Measurements |
|
|
642 | (2) |
|
Mobile ECa Measurement Equipment |
|
|
644 | (2) |
|
Guidelines for Conducting an ECa-Directed Soil Sampling Survey |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
Strengths and Limitations |
|
|
647 | (3) |
|
Characterizing Spatial Variability with ECa-Directed Soil Sampling: Case Studies |
|
|
650 | (12) |
|
Landscape-Scale Solute Transport in the Vadose Zone |
|
|
652 | (6) |
|
Assessing Soil Quality and Spatio-Temporal Changes in Soil Quality |
|
|
658 | (2) |
|
Delineating Site-Specific Management Units for Precison Agriculture |
|
|
660 | (2) |
|
|
662 | (11) |
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
664 | (9) |
|
Section VI Modeling Tools |
|
|
|
Assessment of Uncertainty Associated with the Extent of Simulation Processes from Point to Catchment: Application to 1D Pesticide Leaching Models |
|
|
673 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
674 | (2) |
|
Spatialization of 1D Models |
|
|
676 | (9) |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
Determination of Number of Simulations |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
Unique Combination Approach |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
Uncertainty Linked to Deterministic Simulations |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
681 | (4) |
|
|
685 | (3) |
|
Spatialization of 1D Models |
|
|
685 | (2) |
|
Probability Analysis of Uncertainty Linked to Deterministic Simulations |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Recommendations and Future Research |
|
|
688 | (5) |
|
|
690 | (3) |
|
Inverse Modeling Techniques to Characterize Transport Processes in the Soil-Crop Continuum |
|
|
693 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
695 | (2) |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
Identifiability, Uniqueness, and Sensitivity |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
|
697 | (4) |
|
|
697 | (2) |
|
Multi-Informative Objective Functions |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Use of Different Sources of Information |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
701 | (2) |
|
Assessing the Well-Posedness of the Inverse Problem |
|
|
703 | (12) |
|
Response Surface Analysis |
|
|
703 | (3) |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
|
707 | (2) |
|
|
709 | (6) |
|
Computer Models for Characterizing the Fate of Chemicals in Soil: Pesticide Leaching Models and Their Practical Applications |
|
|
715 | (42) |
|
Anna Paula Karoliina Jantunen |
|
|
|
|
Introduction: State of The Art on the Use of Pesticide Leaching and Dissipation Models |
|
|
716 | (14) |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
Processes Considered by the Model |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
Construction of the Model |
|
|
719 | (7) |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
Assessing the Reliability of Modeling Results |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
Modeling Soil-Pesticide Interactions |
|
|
730 | (5) |
|
The Environmental Fate of Pesticides Applied on Agricultural Fields |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
Pesticide--Soil Processes |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
Current Pesticide Leaching Models |
|
|
735 | (12) |
|
General Structure of Mathematical Pesticide Leaching Models |
|
|
735 | (3) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
|
740 | (2) |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
Large-Scale Vulnerability Assessment |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
745 | (2) |
|
|
747 | (10) |
|
Pesticides in Italian Horticulture: Potential of Groundwater Contamination and Carryover Effects |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
SuSAP Decision Support System for the Region of Lombardy, Italy |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
749 | (2) |
|
|
751 | (6) |
Index |
|
757 | |