60% of South African children live in households with annual incomes below $1 360 (2006 value) and mortality and maltreatment rates remain high. In order to realise the rights of all children and tackle child poverty, it is critical that robust measures are developed to quantify the nature and extent of social deprivation experienced by children at sub-national level and thereby accurately identify the areas of greatest need and the most deprived areas. It is also essential that these measures focus specifically on children; separating children out from household level data or data presented for the total population and foregrounding deprivation from a child perspective. This report is a first attempt to generate data of this nature, to map child deprivation at municipal level, in order to inform local level policy and intervention in South Africa. Making use of information available from the 2001 Census about different aspects of deprivation, such as income, employment, education, health and living environment, the authors have combined these domains to form an overall index of multiple deprivations. The model which emerges is of a series of uni-dimensional domains of deprivation which can be combined, with appropriate weighting, into a single child-focused measure of multiple deprivations.
With more than 60 percent of South African children living in households with annual incomes below $1,360 and mortality and maltreatment rates remaining high, this valuable report cites detailed information gathered in the 2001 census to quantify the nature and extent of social deprivation and to identify the areas of greatest need. Providing an informed overview of the detrimental impact of poverty on child development, educational achievements, career prospects, and overall health, these key findings can be used to map child deprivation at a municipal level and should be utilized to inform local-level policy and intervention for developing countries.
| Acknowledgements |
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iv | |
| Contributors |
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v | |
| Acronyms |
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vi | |
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1 | (9) |
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1 | (2) |
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Conceptual framework for the SAIMDC |
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3 | (1) |
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Review of previous research measuring child poverty in South Africa |
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4 | (6) |
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10 | (3) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (3) |
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13 | (3) |
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13 | (1) |
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Combining domain indices into an index of multiple deprivation |
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13 | (3) |
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The geography of deprivation |
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16 | (26) |
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How to interpret the municipal-level results |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (26) |
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Towards a SAIMDC at sub-municipal level |
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42 | (2) |
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A new statistical geography |
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42 | (1) |
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Harnessing administrative and survey data to create indices of multiple deprivation |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (8) |
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Indicators used in the SAIMDC |
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44 | (1) |
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The Income and Material Deprivation Domain |
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44 | (1) |
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The Employment Deprivation Domain |
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45 | (1) |
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The Education Deprivation Domain |
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45 | (2) |
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The Living Environment Deprivation Domain |
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47 | (2) |
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The Adequate Care Deprivation Domain |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (2) |
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Exponential transformation |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (9) |
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Municipal identification maps |
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54 | (9) |
| References |
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63 | |
Helen Barnes is a research officer in Centre for the Analysis of South African Social Policy, which is part of the Department of Social Policy and Social Work (SDRC) at the University of Oxford. Gemma Wright is a Senior Research Fellow at the Department of Social Policy and Social Work at the University of Oxford. She is Deputy Director of the Social Disadvantage Research Centre and Deputy Director of the Centre for the Analysis of South African Social Policy, both of which are research centres within the Department. Michael Noble is Professor of Social Policy, Director of the Centre for Analysis of South African Social Policy and Director of the Social Disadvantage Research Centre at the University of Oxford. Professor Andrew Dawes is Research Director in the Child, Youth, Family & Social Development research programme at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). He is also an Associate Professor Emeritus at the University of Cape Town, and is an Associate Member of the Department of Social Policy and Social Work at the University of Oxford.
