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El. knyga: Spare Parts: Organ Replacement in American Society

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  • Formatas: 283 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-Jul-2017
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351488532
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 283 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-Jul-2017
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351488532
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Spare Parts examines major developments in the field of organ replacement that occurred in the United States over the course of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s. It focuses upon significant medical and social changes in the transplantation of human organs and on the development and clinical testing of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart, with special emphasis on how these biomedical events were related to the political, economic, and social climate of American society.

Part I examines the important biomedical advances and events in organ transplantation and their social and cultural concomitants. In Part II, the focus shifts to the story of the rise and fall of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart in the United States, its relation to American social institutions and cultural patterns, and its bearing on social control issues associated with therapeutic innovation and the patient-oriented clinical research it entails. Part III is a personal conclusion, which explains why the authors left the field of organ transplantation after so many years.

Spare Parts is written in a narrative, ethnographic style, with thickly descriptive, verbatim, and atmospheric detail. The primary data it is based upon includes qualitative materials, collected via participant observation, interviews in a variety of medical milieu, and content analysis of medical journals, newspapers, and magazine articles, and a number of television transcripts. The new introduction provides an overview of some of the recent developments in transplantation and also underscores how tenacious many of the patterns associated with organ replacement have been. Spare Parts should be read by all medical professionals, sociologists, and historians.
Introduction To The Transaction Edition: Spare Parts Two Decades Later xiii
Introduction: Rebuilding People xxxi
I Organ Transplantation: Patterns and Issues in the 1980s
1 Of Wonder Drugs, the Transplant "Boom," and Moratoria
3(28)
The "Advent" of Cyclosporine
3(4)
The Expansion of Organ Transplantation
7(1)
The Experiment-Therapy Status of Organ Transplantation
8(5)
A Multiplicity of Clinical Moratoria
13(11)
The Coming of FK 506
24(7)
2 Organ Transplantation as Gift Exchange
31(12)
Marcel Mauss' Gift-Exchange Paradigm
32(1)
Obligations to Give Organs
33(2)
Obligations to Receive Organs and Patients' Reservations About Accepting Them
35(3)
Obligations to Receive Organs and Surgeons' Reservations About Live Donations
38(1)
Obligations to Repay the "Gift of Life" and the "Tyranny of the Gift"
39(4)
3 Alterations in the Theme of the Gift
43(30)
Who Are My Kin? Who Are My Strangers? Live-Donor Kidney Transplants
46(3)
The Debut of Live-Donor Liver and Lung Transplants
49(6)
Making a Live Donor: Bone Marrow Transplants
55(1)
Efforts to Increase Gifts of Life
56(8)
From Gifts of Life to Market Commodities?
64(9)
4 Transplantation and the Medical Commons
73(22)
The Transplantation Commons
74(9)
Transplantation and the Medical Commons
83(6)
Transplantation, Medicine, and the Societal Commons
89(6)
II The Jarvik-7 Artificial Heart Experiment
5 Desperate Appliance: A Short History of the Jarvik-7 Artificial Heart
95(59)
Cast of Characters and Their Locales
95(3)
Prologue
98(2)
Act I The Development of the Jarvik Heart
100(9)
Act II Barney Clark's Heart
109(8)
Act III The Move to Humana
117(4)
Act IV The Experiment Continues
121(7)
Entr'acte: The Artificial Heart as a Bridge to Transplant
128(2)
Act IV Continued
130(8)
Act V Endings
138(16)
Epilogue
149(5)
6 "Made in the U.S.A.": American Features in the Rise and Fall of the Jarvik-7 Artificial Heart
154(16)
American Places, Portraits, and Scenarios
155(3)
American Astronaut Imagery
158(1)
The American Land of Oz
158(1)
Factors Shaping the American Features of the Artificial Heart Experiment
159(2)
Meanings of the Heart
161(1)
The Role of Mormonism
162(4)
Corporate Connections
166(2)
The Rise and Fall of Cold Fusion
168(2)
7 Who Shall Guard the Guardians?
170(27)
Initiating Human Testing
172(2)
Jarvik-7 Implants as Clinical Research
174(4)
The Gatekeepers
178(11)
Moratoria and Endings
189(8)
III The Participant Observers: Final Journeys
8 Leaving the Field
197(14)
Notes 211(12)
References 223(22)
Index 245
Renee C. Fox is Annenberg Professor Emerita of the Social Sciences and emerita senior fellow of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. She is the author of numerous books, including Observing Bioethics. Judith Swazey is an independent scholar and an adjunct professor of social and behavioural sciences at Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, USA. Her many works include Merger Games and The Courage to Fail.