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El. knyga: Special Interest Politics

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, (Harvard University)
  • Formatas: 380 pages
  • Serija: Special Interest Politics
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Jul-2002
  • Leidėjas: MIT Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780262274425
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 380 pages
  • Serija: Special Interest Politics
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Jul-2002
  • Leidėjas: MIT Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780262274425
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Winner of 2002 William H. Riker Award for Best Book in Political Economy, presented by the American Political Science Association (APSA)

This landmark theoretical book is about the mechanisms by which special interest groups affect policy in modern democracies. Defining a special interest group as any organization that takes action on behalf of an identifiable group of voters, Gene Grossman and Elhanan Helpman ask: How do special interest groups derive their power and influence? What determines the extent to which they are able to affect policy outcomes? What happens when groups with differing objectives compete for influence?

The authors develop important theoretical tools for studying the interactions among voters, interest groups, and politicians. They assume that individuals, groups, and parties act in their own self-interest and that political outcomes can be identified with the game-theoretic concept of an equilibrium. Throughout, they progress from the simple to the more complex. When analyzing campaign giving, for example, they begin with a model of a single interest group and a single, incumbent policy maker. They proceed to add additional interest groups, a legislature with several independent politicians, and electoral competition between rival political parties. The book is organized in three parts. Part I focuses on voting and elections. Part II examines the use of information as a tool for political influence. Part III deals with campaign contributions, which interest groups may use either to influence policy makers' positions and actions or to help preferred candidates to win election.

An exploration of the role that special interest groups play in modern democratic politics.
List of Figures
xi
Preface xiii
Introduction
1(38)
SIG Activities and Tactics
4(10)
About This Book
14(25)
Methodology
14(2)
Organization and Content
16(23)
I Voting 39(62)
Voting and Elections
41(34)
Direct Democracy
42(11)
The Median Voter and the Agenda Setter
42(3)
Sincere Versus Strategic Voting
45(1)
Direct Democracy without Agenda Setters
45(3)
Non-Single-Peaked Preferences
48(2)
Multiple Policy Issues
50(2)
Summary
52(1)
Representative Democracy
53(11)
The Downsian Model
54(2)
Candidates with Policy Preferences
56(3)
Endogenous Candidates
59(5)
Electing a Legislature
64(11)
Single-Member Districts
65(3)
Proportional Representation
68(7)
Groups as Voters
75(26)
Turnout
76(11)
Knowledge
87(8)
Partisanship
95(6)
II Information 101(122)
Lobbying
103(40)
One Lobby
105(15)
The Setting
106(1)
Two States of the World
107(3)
Three States of the World
110(3)
Continuous Information
113(5)
Ex Ante Welfare
118(2)
Two Lobbies
120(18)
Like Bias
121(9)
Opposite Bias
130(3)
Multidimensional Information
133(5)
Appendix: A More General Lobbying Game
138(5)
The General Setting
139(1)
Properties of an Equilibrium
140(3)
Costly Lobbying
143(42)
Exogenous Lobbying Costs
145(16)
Single Lobby, Dichotomous Information
145(5)
Single Lobby, Continuous Information
150(2)
Two Lobbies
152(9)
Endogenous Lobbying Costs
161(10)
Dichotomous Information
161(3)
Many States of Nature
164(4)
Multiple Interest Groups
168(3)
Access Costs
171(14)
Group with a Known Bias
172(4)
Group with an Unknown Bias
176(4)
Access Fees as Signals of SIG Preferences
180(5)
Educating Voters
185(38)
The Election
188(6)
The Voters
188(3)
The Parties
191(1)
The Interest Group
192(2)
Early Communication
194(7)
Party Competition and Voting
195(1)
Credible Messages
195(4)
Who Gains and Who Loses?
199(2)
Late Communication
201(9)
Reports and Voting
202(2)
Political Competition
204(5)
Early and Late Communication
209(1)
Endorsements
210(2)
Educating Members
212(4)
Appendix: SIG Leaders with a Broad Mandate
216(7)
Communication Game When SIG Leaders Have a Broad Mandate
217(3)
Political Competition When SIG Leaders Have a Broad Mandate
220(1)
A Comparison of Two Mandates
221(2)
III Campaign Contributions 223(124)
Buying Influence
225(22)
One-Dimensional Policy Choice
226(7)
The Allocation of Public Spending
233(2)
Multiple Policy Instruments
235(3)
Regulation and Protection
238(5)
Bargaining
243(4)
Competing for Influence
247(36)
The Politician as Common Agent
249(7)
The Minimum Wage
256(9)
Compensating Equilibria
265(5)
Trade Policy
270(5)
Redistributive Taxation
275(4)
Competition for Influence: Good Thing or Bad Thing?
279(4)
Influencing a Legislature
283(36)
Buying Votes
284(7)
A Legislature with an Agenda Setter
291(8)
Multiple Interest Groups
299(20)
Randomized Offers
302(7)
Competing for Influence at the Proposal Stage
309(5)
The Scale of a Public Project
314(5)
Contributions and Elections
319(28)
Electoral Competition with Campaign Spending
321(7)
The Voters
321(3)
The Parties
324(2)
The Interest Groups
326(2)
One Interest Group
328(11)
The Influence Motive
328(3)
A Pure Electoral Motive
331(3)
A Choice of Motives
334(5)
Multiple Interest Groups
339(8)
References 347(10)
Index 357