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1 Inference Framework and Method |
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1 | (42) |
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1.1 Framework and Objective |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Modeling and Estimator |
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3 | (7) |
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1.2.1 Parameter and Identifiability |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Parameter Estimator |
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4 | (3) |
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1.2.3 Concepts in Asymptotic Sense |
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7 | (3) |
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10 | (17) |
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10 | (4) |
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1.3.2 Estimating Equations |
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14 | (3) |
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1.3.3 Generalized Method of Moments |
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17 | (4) |
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21 | (6) |
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1.4 Model Misspecification |
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27 | (4) |
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1.5 Covariates and Regression Models |
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31 | (1) |
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1.6 Bibliographic Notes and Discussion |
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32 | (1) |
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1.7 Supplementary Problems |
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33 | (10) |
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2 Measurement Error and Misclassification: Introduction |
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43 | (44) |
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2.1 Measurement Error and Misclassification |
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43 | (2) |
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2.2 An Illustration of Measurement Error Effects |
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45 | (4) |
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2.3 The Scope of Analysis with Mismeasured Data |
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49 | (1) |
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2.4 Issues in the Presence of Measurement Error |
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50 | (4) |
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2.5 General Strategy of Handling Measurement Error |
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54 | (18) |
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2.5.1 Likelihood-Based Correction Methods |
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55 | (3) |
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2.5.2 Unbiased Estimating Functions Methods |
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58 | (4) |
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2.5.3 Methods of Correcting Naive Estimators |
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62 | (3) |
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65 | (7) |
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2.7 Measurement Error and Misclassification Examples |
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72 | (5) |
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2.7.1 Survival Data Example: Busselton Health Study |
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72 | (1) |
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2.7.2 Recurrent Event Example: rhDNase Data |
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73 | (1) |
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2.7.3 Longitudinal Data Example: Framingham Heart Study |
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74 | (1) |
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2.7.4 Multi-State Model Example: HL Data |
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75 | (1) |
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2.7.5 Case-Control Study Example: HSV Data |
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75 | (2) |
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2.8 Bibliographic Notes and Discussion |
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77 | (2) |
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2.9 Supplementary Problems |
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79 | (8) |
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3 Survival Data with Measurement Error |
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87 | (64) |
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3.1 Framework of Survival Analysis: Models and Methods |
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88 | (12) |
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88 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Some Parametric Modeling Strategies |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (3) |
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3.1.4 Special Features of Survival Data |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (1) |
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3.1.6 Model-Dependent Inference Methods |
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97 | (3) |
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3.2 Measurement Error Effects and Inference Framework |
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100 | (5) |
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3.2.1 Induced Hazard Function |
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100 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Discussion and Assumptions |
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102 | (3) |
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3.3 Approximate Methods for Measurement Error Correction |
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105 | (2) |
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3.3.1 Regression Calibration Method |
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105 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Simulation Extrapolation Method |
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107 | (1) |
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3.4 Methods Based on the Induced Hazard Function |
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107 | (5) |
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3.4.1 Induced Likelihood Method |
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108 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Induced Partial Likelihood Method |
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109 | (3) |
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3.5 Likelihood-Based Methods |
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112 | (6) |
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3.5.1 Insertion Correction: Piecewise-Constant Method |
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112 | (4) |
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3.5.2 Expectation Correction: Two-Stage Method |
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116 | (2) |
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3.6 Methods Based on Estimating Functions |
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118 | (12) |
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3.6.1 Proportional Hazards Model |
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119 | (3) |
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122 | (1) |
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3.6.3 Additive Hazards Model |
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123 | (6) |
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3.6.4 An Example: Analysis of ACTG175 Data |
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129 | (1) |
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3.7 Misclassification of Discrete Covariates |
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130 | (6) |
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3.7.1 Methods with Known Misclassification Probabilities |
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132 | (2) |
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3.7.2 Method with a Validation Sample |
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134 | (1) |
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3.7.3 Method with Replicates |
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135 | (1) |
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3.8 Multivariate Survival Data with Covariate Measurement Error |
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136 | (8) |
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137 | (1) |
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3.8.2 Dependence Parameter Estimation of Copula Models |
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138 | (2) |
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3.8.3 EM Algorithm with Frailty Measurement Error Model |
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140 | (4) |
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3.9 Bibliographic Notes and Discussion |
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144 | (2) |
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3.10 Supplementary Problems |
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146 | (5) |
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4 Recurrent Event Data with Measurement Error |
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151 | (42) |
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4.1 Analysis Framework for Recurrent Events |
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151 | (12) |
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4.1.1 Notation and Framework |
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152 | (3) |
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4.1.2 Poisson Process and Renewal Process |
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155 | (2) |
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4.1.3 Covariates and Extensions |
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157 | (6) |
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4.2 Measurement Error Effects on Poisson Process |
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163 | (3) |
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4.3 Directly Correcting Naive Estimators When Assessment Times are Discrete |
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166 | (4) |
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4.4 Counting Processes with Observed Event Times |
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170 | (3) |
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4.5 Poisson Models for Interval Counts |
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173 | (3) |
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4.6 Marginal Methods for Interval Count Data with Measurement Error |
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176 | (4) |
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4.7 An Example: rhDNase Data |
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180 | (1) |
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4.8 Bibliographic Notes and Discussion |
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181 | (1) |
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4.9 Supplementary Problems |
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182 | (11) |
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5 Longitudinal Data with Covariate Measurement Error |
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193 | (64) |
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5.1 Error-Free Inference Frameworks |
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193 | (9) |
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5.1.1 Estimating Functions Based on Mean Structure |
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195 | (3) |
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5.1.2 Generalized Linear Mixed Models |
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198 | (2) |
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5.1.3 Nonlinear Mixed Models |
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200 | (2) |
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5.2 Measurement Error Effects |
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202 | (7) |
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5.2.1 Marginal Analysis Based on GEE with Independence Working Matrix |
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202 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Mixed Effects Models |
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205 | (4) |
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5.3 Estimating Function Methods |
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209 | (6) |
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5.3.1 Expected Estimating Equations |
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211 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Corrected Estimating Functions |
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213 | (2) |
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5.4 Likelihood-Based Inference |
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215 | (5) |
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5.4.1 Observed Likelihood |
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216 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Three-Stage Estimation Method |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (1) |
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5.5 Inference Methods in the Presence of Both Measurement Error and Missingness |
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220 | (18) |
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5.5.1 Missing Data and Inference Methods |
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221 | (3) |
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5.5.2 Strategy of Correcting Measurement Error and Missingness Effects |
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224 | (2) |
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5.5.3 Sequential Corrections |
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226 | (5) |
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5.5.4 Simultaneous Inference to Accommodating Missingness and Measurement Error Effects |
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231 | (3) |
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234 | (1) |
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5.5.6 Simulation and Example |
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235 | (3) |
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5.6 Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Survival Data with Measurement Error |
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238 | (8) |
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5.6.1 Likelihood-Based Methods |
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239 | (3) |
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5.6.2 Conditional Score Method |
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242 | (4) |
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5.7 Bibliographic Notes and Discussion |
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246 | (1) |
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5.8 Supplementary Problems |
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247 | (10) |
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6 Multi-State Models with Error-Prone Data |
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257 | (44) |
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6.1 Framework of Multi-State Models |
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258 | (13) |
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258 | (3) |
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6.1.2 Continuous-Time Homogeneous Markov Processes |
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261 | (2) |
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6.1.3 Continuous-Time Nonhomogeneous Markov Processes |
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263 | (1) |
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6.1.4 Discrete-Time Markov Models |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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6.1.6 Likelihood Inference |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (3) |
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6.2 Two-State Markov Models with Misclassified States |
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271 | (4) |
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6.3 Multi-State Models with Misclassified States |
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275 | (6) |
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6.4 Markov Models with States Denned by Discretizing an Error-Prone Variable |
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281 | (5) |
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6.5 Transition Models with Covariate Measurement Error |
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286 | (4) |
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6.6 Transition Models with Measurement Error in Response and Covariates |
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290 | (4) |
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6.7 Bibliographic Notes and Discussion |
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294 | (1) |
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6.8 Supplementary Problems |
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295 | (6) |
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7 Case-Control Studies with Measurement Error or Misclassification |
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301 | (52) |
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7.1 Introduction of Case-Control Studies |
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302 | (13) |
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302 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Unstratified Studies |
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302 | (2) |
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7.1.3 Matching and Stratification |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (1) |
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7.1.5 Retrospective Sampling and Inference Strategy |
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308 | (2) |
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7.1.6 Analysis of Case-Control Data with Prospective Logistic Model |
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310 | (5) |
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7.2 Measurement Error Effects |
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315 | (3) |
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7.3 Interacting Covariates Subject to Misclassification |
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318 | (7) |
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7.4 Retrospective Pseudo-Likelihood Method for Unmatched Designs |
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325 | (6) |
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7.5 Correction Method for Matched Designs |
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331 | (5) |
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7.6 Two-Phase Design with Misclassified Exposure Variable |
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336 | (3) |
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7.7 Bibliographic Notes and Discussion |
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339 | (2) |
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7.8 Supplementary Problems |
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341 | (12) |
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8 Analysis with Mismeasured Responses |
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353 | (42) |
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353 | (2) |
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8.2 Effects of Misclassified Responses on Model Structures |
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355 | (8) |
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8.2.1 Univariate Binary Response with Misclassification |
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356 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Univariate Binary Data with Misclassification in Response and Measurement Error in Covariates |
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358 | (2) |
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8.2.3 Clustered Binary Data with Error in Responses |
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360 | (3) |
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8.3 Methods for Univariate Error-Prone Response |
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363 | (5) |
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8.4 Logistic Regression Model with Measurement Error in Response and Covariates |
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368 | (4) |
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8.5 Least Squares Methods with Measurement Error in Response and Covariates |
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372 | (4) |
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8.6 Correlated Binary Data with Diagnostic Error |
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376 | (2) |
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8.7 Marginal Method for Clustered Binary Data with Misclassification in Responses |
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378 | (7) |
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378 | (6) |
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8.7.2 An Example: CCHS Data |
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384 | (1) |
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8.8 Bibliographic Notes and Discussion |
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385 | (1) |
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8.9 Supplementary Problems |
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386 | (9) |
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395 | (16) |
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9.1 General Issues on Measurement Error Models |
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396 | (11) |
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9.2 Causal Inference with Measurement Error |
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407 | (1) |
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9.3 Statistical Software on Measurement Error and Misclassification Models |
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408 | (3) |
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411 | (10) |
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A Matrix Algebra: Some Notation and Facts |
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411 | (10) |
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A.2 Definitions and Facts |
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413 | (2) |
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A.3 Newton-Raphson and Fisher-Scoring Algorithms |
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415 | (2) |
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A.4 The Bootstrap and Jackknife Methods |
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417 | (2) |
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A.5 Monte Carlo Method and MCEM Algorithm |
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419 | (2) |
References |
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421 | (42) |
Author Index |
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463 | (8) |
Subject Index |
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471 | |