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El. knyga: Stevioside: Technology, Applications and Health

(Indian Institute of Technology, India), (Indian Institute of Technology, India), (Indian Institute of Technology, India)
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Aug-2013
  • Leidėjas: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118350690
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Aug-2013
  • Leidėjas: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118350690
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Stevioside is one of the naturally occurring sweeteners, belonging to the diterpene glycoside family, which can be widely applied in food, drinks, medicine and consumer chemicals. It is a good dietary supplement, being non-calorific, thermally stable, non-toxic, with a sugar-like taste profile, and suitable for diabetics, phenylketonuria patients and the obese. It is also non-fermentable, and exhibits anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Stevioside tastes about 300 times sweeter than 0.4% sucrose solution. Thus, it offers a reasonably rare combination of health benefits and taste benefits, making the extraction of stevioside is an area of active research for the food industry as well as academic food scientists.With the rapid increase in the popularity of stevioside as a sugar substitute, particularly with regard to its associated health benefits, there is a need for more efficient and feasible extraction processes for stevioside in the near future. 

This book offers an in-depth look at perhaps the major sugar alternative of the future, up-to-date and in line with the latest global legislation regarding its suitability for consumption and its scope for application. 
Authors' biographies vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
List of figures
xiii
List of tables
xvii
1 Introduction to stevioside
1(26)
1.1 History of Stevia
3(3)
1.2 Composition of Stevia
6(4)
1.3 Source of stevioside
10(3)
1.4 Physicochemical and biological properties of steviol glycosides
13(5)
1.5 Analysis of stevioside (steviol glycosides) and Stevia extract
18(9)
2 Health benefits and pharmacological effects of steviol glycosides
27(18)
2.1 Effect of stevioside in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
27(2)
2.2 Antihyperglycaemic effect
29(2)
2.3 Antihypertensive effect
31(1)
2.4 Anti-inflammatory effect
32(1)
2.5 Anticarcinogenic antitumour effects
33(1)
2.6 Antioxidant activity
34(1)
2.7 Antimicrobial and antidiarrhoeal effects
34(1)
2.8 Effect on renal function
35(10)
3 Applications of stevioside
45(6)
4 Conventional extraction processes of stevioside
51(14)
4.1 Ion exchange
51(2)
4.2 Solvent extraction
53(1)
4.3 Extraction by chelating agents
54(2)
4.4 Adsorption and chromatographic separation
56(3)
4.5 Ultrasonic extraction
59(1)
4.6 Microwave-assisted extraction
59(1)
4.7 Supercritical fluid extraction
60(5)
5 Brief introduction to pressure-driven membrane-based processes
65(26)
5.1 Advantages of the membrane-based process
66(1)
5.2 Classification of the processes
66(1)
5.3 Characterisation of membranes
67(3)
5.4 Membrane modules
70(3)
5.5 Limitations
73(1)
5.6 Quantification of concentration polarisation
74(5)
5.7 Applications of membrane-based processes
79(12)
6 State of the art of stevioside processing using membrane-based filtration
91(8)
6.1 Clarification and purification
92(3)
6.2 Concentration by nanofiltration
95(2)
6.3 Limitations
97(2)
7 Detailed membrane-based technologies for extraction of stevioside
99(62)
7.1 Outline of processing
99(1)
7.2 Optimisation of water extraction process
99(10)
7.3 Optimisation of primary clarification (centrifuge or microfiltration)
109(13)
7.4 Selection of membrane
122(2)
7.5 Optimisation of operating conditions
124(6)
7.6 Mechanism of flux decline
130(11)
7.7 Ultrafiltration of primary clarified Stevia extract
141(14)
7.8 Concentration by nanofiltration
155(6)
8 Performance modelling of stevioside separation using membrane processing
161(34)
8.1 Modelling of stirred ultrafiltration
162(12)
8.2 Modelling of cross-flow ultrafiltration
174(6)
8.3 Steady state
180(1)
8.4 Transient state
180(15)
9 Enhancement of stevioside recovery by diafiltration
195(14)
9.1 Multiple stage diafiltration
197(12)
10 Economics of the process
209(6)
Index 215
About the authors

Sirshendu De is a professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.

Sourav Mondal is a researcher in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.

Suvrajit Banerjee was Master of Technology in 2012 at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.