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xiii | |
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xiv | |
Preface |
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xv | |
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1 Strategic management in perspective: a step in the professionalisation of management |
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2 | (26) |
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2 | (4) |
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1.2 The origins of modern concepts of strategic management: the new role of leader |
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6 | (9) |
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1.3 Ways of thinking: stable global structures and fluid local interactions |
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15 | (6) |
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21 | (7) |
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26 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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26 | (2) |
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2 Thinking about strategy and organisational change: the implicit assumptions distinguishing one theory from another |
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28 | (20) |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2 The phenomena of interest: dynamic human organisations |
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29 | (4) |
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2.3 Making sense of the phenomena: realism, relativism and idealism |
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33 | (6) |
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2.4 Four questions to ask in comparing theories of organisational strategy and change |
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39 | (9) |
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41 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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41 | (7) |
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Part 1 Systemic ways of thinking about strategy and organisational dynamics |
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3 The origins of systems thinking in the Age of Reason |
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48 | (18) |
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49 | (2) |
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3.2 The Scientific Revolution and rational objectivity |
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51 | (1) |
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3.3 The eighteenth-century German philosopher Immanuel Kant: natural systems and autonomous individuals |
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52 | (5) |
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3.4 Systems thinking in the twentieth century: the notion of human systems |
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57 | (2) |
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3.5 Thinking about organisations and their management: science and systems thinking |
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59 | (4) |
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3.6 How systems thinking deals with the four questions |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (2) |
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64 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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64 | (2) |
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4 Thinking in terms of strategic choice: cybernetic systems, cognitivist and humanistic psychology |
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66 | (34) |
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67 | (1) |
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4.2 Cybernetic systems: importing the engineer's idea of self-regulation and control into understanding human activity |
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68 | (6) |
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4.3 Formulating and implementing long-term strategic plans |
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74 | (8) |
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4.4 Cognitivist and humanistic psychology: the rational and the emotional individual |
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82 | (4) |
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4.5 Leadership and the role of groups |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (4) |
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4.7 How strategic choice theory deals with the four key questions |
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91 | (5) |
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96 | (4) |
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98 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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98 | (2) |
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5 Thinking in terms of organisational learning and knowledge creation: systems dynamics, cognitivist, humanistic and constructivist psychology |
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100 | (28) |
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101 | (1) |
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5.2 Systems dynamics: nonlinearity and positive feedback |
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102 | (3) |
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5.3 Personal mastery and mental models: cognitivist psychology |
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105 | (6) |
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5.4 Building a shared vision and team learning: humanistic psychology |
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111 | (5) |
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5.5 The impact of vested interests on organisational learning |
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116 | (1) |
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5.6 Knowledge management: cognitivist and constructivist psychology |
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117 | (3) |
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120 | (2) |
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5.8 How learning organisation theory deals with the four key questions |
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122 | (3) |
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125 | (3) |
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126 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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126 | (2) |
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6 Thinking in terms of organisational psychodynamics: open systems and psychoanalytic perspectives |
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128 | (22) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (3) |
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6.3 Psychoanalysis and unconscious processes |
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132 | (5) |
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6.4 Open systems and unconscious processes |
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137 | (3) |
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140 | (3) |
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6.6 How open systems/psychoanalytic perspectives deal with the four key questions |
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143 | (4) |
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147 | (3) |
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148 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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148 | (2) |
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7 Thinking about strategy process from a systemic perspective: using a process to control a process |
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150 | (26) |
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151 | (1) |
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7.2 Rational process and its critics: bounded rationality |
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151 | (3) |
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7.3 Rational process and its critics: trial-and-error action |
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154 | (4) |
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7.4 A contingency view of process |
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158 | (1) |
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7.5 Institutions, routines and cognitive frames |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (2) |
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7.7 Strategy process: a review |
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163 | |
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7.8 The activity-based view 1 |
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65 | (105) |
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7.9 The systemic way of thinking about process and practice |
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170 | (4) |
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174 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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175 | (1) |
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8 A review of systemic ways of thinking about strategy and organisational dynamics: key challenges for alternative ways of thinking |
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176 | (26) |
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177 | (1) |
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8.2 The claim that there is a science of organisation and management |
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178 | (10) |
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8.3 The polarisation of intention and emergence |
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188 | (3) |
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8.4 The belief that organisations are systems in the world or in the mind |
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191 | (4) |
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8.5 Conflict and diversity |
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195 | (4) |
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8.6 Summary and key questions to be dealt with In Parts 2 and 3 of this book |
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199 | (3) |
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200 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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200 | (2) |
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9 Extending and challenging the dominant discourse on organisations: thinking about participation and practice |
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202 | (36) |
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203 | (2) |
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9.2 Second-order systems thinking |
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205 | (11) |
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9.3 Social constructionist approaches |
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216 | (4) |
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9.4 Communities of practice |
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220 | (3) |
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9.5 Practice and process schools |
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223 | (3) |
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9.6 Critical management studies |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (10) |
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228 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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229 | (9) |
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Part 2 The challenge of complexity to ways of thinking |
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10 The complexity sciences: the sciences of uncertainty |
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238 | (28) |
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239 | (2) |
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10.2 Mathematical chaos theory |
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241 | (3) |
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10.3 The theory of dissipative structures |
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244 | (3) |
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10.4 Complex adaptive systems |
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247 | (10) |
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10.5 Different interpretations of complexity |
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257 | (6) |
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263 | (3) |
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264 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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265 | (1) |
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11 Systemic applications of complexity sciences to organisations: restating the dominant discourse |
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266 | (36) |
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266 | (1) |
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11.2 Modelling Industries as complex systems |
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267 | (9) |
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11.3 Understanding organisations as complex systems |
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276 | (13) |
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11.4 How systemic applications of complexity sciences deal with the four key questions |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (11) |
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292 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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292 | (10) |
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Part 3 Complex responsive processes as a way of thinking about strategy and organisational dynamics |
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12 Responsive processes thinking: the interplay of intentions |
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302 | (36) |
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303 | (2) |
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12.2 Responsive processes thinking |
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305 | (12) |
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12.3 Chaos, complexity and analogy |
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317 | (9) |
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12.4 Time and responsive processes |
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326 | (1) |
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12.5 The differences between systemic process, strong or endogenous process and responsive processes thinking |
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327 | (8) |
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335 | (3) |
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336 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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336 | (2) |
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13 The emergence of organisational strategy in local communicative interaction: complex responsive processes of conversation |
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338 | (24) |
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340 | (1) |
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13.2 Human communication and the conversation of gestures: the social act |
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341 | (7) |
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13.3 Ordinary conversation in organisations |
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348 | (7) |
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13.4 The dynamics of conversation |
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355 | (3) |
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13.5 Leaders and the activities of strategising |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (3) |
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359 | |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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350 | (12) |
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14 The link between the local communicative interaction of strategising and the population-wide patterns of strategy |
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362 | (26) |
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363 | (3) |
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14.2 Human communication and the conversation of gestures: processes of generalising and particularising |
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366 | (10) |
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14.3 The relationship between local Interaction and population-wide patterns |
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376 | (8) |
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14.4 The roles of the most powerful |
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384 | (2) |
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386 | (2) |
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387 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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387 | (1) |
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15 The emergence of organisational strategy in local communicative interaction: complex responsive processes of ideology and power relating |
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388 | (28) |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (3) |
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15.3 Desires, values and norms |
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393 | (6) |
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15.4 Ethics and leadership |
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399 | (3) |
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15.5 Power, ideology and the dynamics of inclusion-exclusion |
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402 | (9) |
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15.6 Complex responsive processes perspectives on decision making |
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411 | (2) |
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413 | (3) |
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413 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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414 | (2) |
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16 Different modes of articulating patterns of interaction emerging across organisations: strategy narratives and strategy models |
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416 | (40) |
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417 | (4) |
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16.2 The emergence of themes in the narrative patterning of ordinary, everyday conversation |
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421 | (9) |
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16.3 Narrative patterning of experience and preoccupation in the game |
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430 | (4) |
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16.4 Reflecting on experience: the role of narrative and storytelling |
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434 | (2) |
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16.5 Reflecting on experience: the role of second-order abstracting |
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436 | (6) |
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16.6 Reasoning, measuring, forecasting and modelling in strategic management |
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442 | (11) |
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453 | (3) |
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453 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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454 | (2) |
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17 Complex responsive processes of strategising: acting locally on the basis of global goals, visions, expectations and intentions for the `whole' organisation over the `long-term future' |
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456 | (30) |
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457 | (2) |
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17.2 Strategic choice theory as second-order abstraction |
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459 | (17) |
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17.3 The learning organisation as second-order abstraction |
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476 | (3) |
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17.4 Institutions and legitimate structures of authority |
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479 | (4) |
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17.5 Strategy as identity narrative |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (2) |
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485 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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485 | (1) |
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18 Complex responsive processes: implications for thinking about organisational dynamics and strategy |
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486 | (33) |
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486 | (1) |
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18.2 Key features of the complex responsive processes perspective |
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487 | (10) |
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18.3 Refocusing attention on strategy and change |
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497 | (8) |
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18.4 Refocusing attention on control and performance improvement |
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505 | (2) |
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18.5 Implications for thinking about research |
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507 | (6) |
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18.6 Rethinking the roles of leaders and managers |
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513 | (3) |
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516 | (3) |
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517 | (1) |
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Questions to aid further reflection |
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518 | (1) |
References |
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519 | (26) |
Index |
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545 | |