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Stratigraphy: A Modern Synthesis 1st ed. 2016 [Kietas viršelis]

  • Formatas: Hardback, 454 pages, aukštis x plotis: 279x210 mm, 180 Tables, color; 142 Illustrations, color; 225 Illustrations, black and white; XVII, 454 p. 367 illus., 142 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Jan-2016
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319243020
  • ISBN-13: 9783319243023
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Stratigraphy: A Modern Synthesis 1st ed. 2016Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 454 pages, aukštis x plotis: 279x210 mm, 180 Tables, color; 142 Illustrations, color; 225 Illustrations, black and white; XVII, 454 p. 367 illus., 142 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Jan-2016
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319243020
  • ISBN-13: 9783319243023
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9783319243023.html
Raktažodžiai:
A Comprehensive review of modern stratigraphic methods. The stratigraphic record is the major repository of information about the geological history of Earth, a record stretching back for nearly 4 billion years. Stratigraphic studies fill out our planets plate-tectonic history with the details of paleogeography, past climates, and the record of evolution, and stratigraphy is at the heart of the effort to find and exploit fossil fuel resources. Modern stratigraphic methods are now able to provide insights into past geological events and processes on time scales with unprecedented accuracy and precision, and have added much to our understanding of global tectonic and climatic processes. It has taken 200 years and a modern revolution to bring all the necessary developments together to create the modern, dynamic science that this book sets out to describe. Stratigraphy now consists of a suite of integrated concepts and methods, several of which have considerable predictive and interpretive power. The new, integrated, dynamic science that Stratigraphy has become is now inseparable from what were its component parts, including sedimentology, chronostratigraphy, and the broader aspects of basin analysis.

Recenzijos

Miall (Univ. of Toronto, Canada) ranks among the most influential of modern stratigraphers, and in the present volume he provides a complete summation of all the advances in the science up to the present day. Miall finishes with an in-depth chapter on the current status of the measurement of geologic time and future potential in the field. An extensive list of references follows each chapter. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Graduate students, researchers/faculty, and professionals/practitioners. (C. W. Dimmick, Choice, Vol. 53 (12), September, 2016)

Daugiau informacijos

"Der Ansatz einer Synthese wird didaktisch nachvollziehbar verfolgt. Die Breite der dabei berucksichtigten Teilgebiete gibt einen guten Uberblick und ist als eine Einfuhrung sehr zu empfehlen. Fur detailliertere Einblicke in einzelne der Methoden sind die spezielleren Fachbucher unbedingt zu Rate zu ziehen. Fur die studentische Ausbildung ist das Buch jedoch bestens geeignet."Besonders hervorzuheben: "Das breite Spektrum und der Einfuhrungscharakter. Sprachlich auch fur nichtmuttersprachliche Studenten gut verstandlich." (Prof. Dr. Olaf Elicki, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Geol. Inst., Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg)
1 The Scope of Modern Stratigraphy
1(32)
1.1 The Importance of Stratigraphy
1(1)
1.2 The Evolution of "Sophisticated Stratigraphy"
2(15)
1.2.1 Beginnings (Nineteenth Century)
3(1)
1.2.2 Cyclic Sedimentation (1932--1968)
3(1)
1.2.3 Basin Analysis and the Big Picture (1948--1977)
4(1)
1.2.4 The Meaning of "Facies" (1949--1973)
5(1)
1.2.5 Fluid Hydraulics and Sedimentary Structures (1953--1976)
6(1)
1.2.6 Early Studies of Modern Environments (1954--1972)
7(1)
1.2.7 Facies Model Concept (1959--2010)
7(2)
1.2.8 The Impact of the Plate-Tectonics Revolution on Basin Studies (1959--1988)
9(2)
1.2.9 Unconformities and the Issue of Time in Stratigraphy (1909--1970)
11(2)
1.2.10 Sequences and Seismic Stratigraphy (1963--1977)
13(1)
1.2.11 Architectural Elements: Sedimentology in Two and Three Dimensions (1983--1990)
14(1)
1.2.12 Sequence Stratigraphy (1986--1990)
14(1)
1.2.13 Reconciling Facies Models with Sequence Stratigraphy (1990)
15(1)
1.2.14 The Full Flowering of Modern Sequence-Stratigraphic Methods
16(1)
1.2.15 Stratigraphy: The Modern Synthesis
17(1)
1.3 Time in Stratigraphy
17(1)
1.4 Types of Project and Data Problems
18(6)
1.4.1 Regional Surface Stratigraphic Mapping Project
18(1)
1.4.2 Local Stratigraphic-Sedimentologic Mapping Project
19(1)
1.4.3 Regional Subsurface Mapping Project
20(3)
1.4.4 Local Subsurface Mapping Project
23(1)
1.5 Summary of Research and Reporting Procedures
24(2)
References
26(7)
2 The Stratigraphic-Sedimentologic Data Base
33(44)
2.1 Introduction
33(1)
2.2 Describing Surface Stratigraphic Sections
33(27)
2.2.1 Methods of Measuring and Recording the Data
34(2)
2.2.2 Types of Field Observation
36(19)
2.2.3 Sampling Plan
55(3)
2.2.4 Plotting the Section
58(2)
2.3 Describing Subsurface Stratigraphic Sections
60(5)
2.3.1 Methods of Measuring and Recording the Data
60(2)
2.3.2 Types of Cutting and Core Observation
62(2)
2.3.3 Sampling Plan
64(1)
2.3.4 Plotting the Section
64(1)
2.4 Petrophysical Logs
65(9)
2.4.1 Gamma Ray Log (GR)
66(1)
2.4.2 Spontaneous Potential Log (SP)
67(1)
2.4.3 Resistivity Logs
68(1)
2.4.4 Sonic Log
69(1)
2.4.5 Formation Density Log
70(1)
2.4.6 Neutron Log
70(1)
2.4.7 Crossplots
71(3)
2.4.8 Integrating Cores and Wireline Logs
74(1)
References
74(3)
3 Facies Analysis
77(84)
3.1 Introduction
77(1)
3.2 The Meaning of Facies
77(2)
3.3 Recognition and Definition of Facies Types
79(8)
3.3.1 Philosophy and Methods
79(1)
3.3.2 Field Examples of Facies Schemes
80(2)
3.3.3 Establishing a Facies Scheme
82(2)
3.3.4 Facies Architecture
84(3)
3.4 Facies Associations and Models
87(9)
3.4.1 The Association and Ordering of Facies
87(2)
3.4.2 The Theory of Facies Models
89(2)
3.4.3 The Present as the Key to the Past, and Vice Versa
91(3)
3.4.4 To Classify and Codify, or Not?
94(2)
3.4.5 Facies Analysis and Sequence Stratigraphy
96(1)
3.5 Review of Environmental Criteria
96(55)
3.5.1 Grain Size and Texture
97(2)
3.5.2 Petrology
99(4)
3.5.3 Bedding
103(1)
3.5.4 Hydrodynamic Sedimentary Structures
104(11)
3.5.5 Sediment Gravity Flows
115(7)
3.5.6 Sedimentary Structures Produced by Hydrodynamic Erosion of the Bed
122(1)
3.5.7 Liquefaction, Load and Fluid Loss Structures
123(1)
3.5.8 Paleoecology of Body Fossils
123(9)
3.5.9 Ichnology
132(2)
3.5.10 Vertical Profiles
134(5)
3.5.11 Architectural Elements and Bounding Surfaces
139(12)
3.6 Conclusions and Scale Considerations
151(1)
References
151(10)
4 Facies Models
161(54)
4.1 Introduction
161(1)
4.2 Clastic Environments
162(28)
4.2.1 Fluvial Environments
162(4)
4.2.2 Eolian Environments
166(2)
4.2.3 Lacustrine Environments
168(1)
4.2.4 Glacial Environments
169(3)
4.2.5 Coastal Wave- and Tide-Dominated Environments
172(4)
4.2.6 Deltas
176(6)
4.2.7 Estuaries
182(1)
4.2.8 Continental Shelf Environment
183(2)
4.2.9 Continental Slope and Deep Basin Environment
185(5)
4.3 Carbonate Environments
190(16)
4.3.1 Conditions of Carbonate Sedimentation
190(6)
4.3.2 Platforms and Reefs
196(5)
4.3.3 Tidal Sedimentation
201(2)
4.3.4 Carbonate Slopes
203(3)
4.4 Evaporites
206(4)
References
210(5)
5 Sequence Stratigraphy
215(30)
5.1 Introduction
215(1)
5.2 Elements of the Model
216(9)
5.2.1 Accommodation and Supply
217(1)
5.2.2 Stratigraphic Architecture
217(7)
5.2.3 Depositional Systems and Systems Tracts
224(1)
5.3 Sequence Models in Clastic and Carbonate Settings
225(16)
5.3.1 Marine Clastic Depositional Systems and Systems Tracts
225(8)
5.3.2 Nonmarine Depositional Systems
233(4)
5.3.3 Carbonate Depositional Systems
237(4)
5.4 Conclusions
241(1)
References
241(4)
6 Basin Mapping Methods
245(66)
6.1 Introduction
245(1)
6.2 Stratigraphic Mapping with Petrophysical Logs
246(8)
6.2.1 Log Shape and Electrofacies
246(3)
6.2.2 Examples of Stratigraphic Reconstructions
249(2)
6.2.3 Problems and Solutions
251(3)
6.3 Seismic Stratigraphy
254(22)
6.3.1 The Nature of the Seismic Record
255(8)
6.3.2 Constructing Regional Stratigraphies
263(5)
6.3.3 Seismic Facies
268(4)
6.3.4 Seismic Geomorphology
272(4)
6.4 Directional Drilling and Geosteering
276(2)
6.5 Older Methods: Isopleth Contouring
278(2)
6.6 Mapping on the Basis of Detrital Composition
280(12)
6.6.1 Clastic Petrofacies
280(8)
6.6.2 Provenance Studies Using Detrital Zircons
288(2)
6.6.3 Chemostratigraphy
290(2)
6.7 Paleocurrent Analysis
292(13)
6.7.1 Introduction
292(1)
6.7.2 Types of Paleocurrent Indicators
293(4)
6.7.3 Data Collection and Processing
297(2)
6.7.4 The Bedform Hierarchy
299(1)
6.7.5 Environment and Paleoslope Interpretations
300(5)
References
305(6)
7 Stratigraphy: The Modern Synthesis
311(60)
7.1 Introduction
311(2)
7.2 Types of Stratigraphic Unit
313(2)
7.3 The Six Steps Involved in Dating and Correlation
315(1)
7.4 Lithostratigraphy
316(4)
7.4.1 Types of Lithostratigraphic Units and Their Definition
317(2)
7.4.2 The Names of Lithostratigraphic Units
319(1)
7.5 Biostratigraphy
320(14)
7.5.1 The Nature of the Biostratigraphic Record
320(6)
7.5.2 Biochronology: Zones and Datums
326(3)
7.5.3 Diachroneity of the Biostratigraphic Record
329(2)
7.5.4 Quantitative Methods in Biochronology
331(3)
7.6 Unconformity-Bounded Units
334(1)
7.7 The Development of Formal Definitions for Sequence Stratigraphy
335(8)
7.8 Chronostratigraphy and Geochronometry
343(21)
7.8.1 The Emergence of Modern Methods
343(2)
7.8.2 Determining the Numerical ("Absolute") Age of a Stratigraphic Horizon
345(6)
7.8.3 Stages and Boundaries
351(4)
7.8.4 Event Stratigraphy
355(1)
7.8.5 Absolute Ages: Their Accuracy and Precision
355(2)
7.8.6 The Current State of the Global Stratigraphic Sections and Points (GSSP) Concept, and Standardization of the Chronostratigraphic Scale
357(2)
7.8.7 Cyclostratigraphy and Astrochronology
359(5)
References
364(7)
8 The Future of Time
371(64)
8.1 Introduction
371(1)
8.2 Where We Are Now and How We Got Here
372(3)
8.3 A Natural Hierarchy of Sedimentary Processes
375(3)
8.4 Sedimentation Rates
378(4)
8.5 The Fractal-Like Character of Sedimentary Accumulation
382(2)
8.6 Apparent Anomalies of High Sedimentation Rate Versus Slow Rate of Accommodation Generation
384(1)
8.7 Accommodation and Preservation
385(5)
8.7.1 Preservation at a Scale of Seconds to Months
387(1)
8.7.2 Preservation at a Scale of Years to Thousands of Years
387(1)
8.7.3 Preservation at the Scale of Tens of Thousands to Hundreds of Thousands of Years
388(1)
8.7.4 Preservation at the Scale of Millions of Years
389(1)
8.8 Implications of Missing Time for Modern Stratigraphic Methods
390(2)
8.8.1 Sequence Stratigraphy
390(1)
8.8.2 Implications for Stratigraphic Continuity, the Concept of Correlation and the Principal of the GSSP
390(1)
8.8.3 Discussion
391(1)
8.9 An Example of the Evaluation of Missing Time: The Mesaverde Group of the Book Cliffs, Utah
392(12)
8.9.1 Chronostratigraphy of the Mesaverde Group
393(3)
8.9.2 Chronostratigraphy of the Spring Canyon and Aberdeen Members
396(2)
8.9.3 The Representation of Time in a Coastal Clastic Succession
398(1)
8.9.4 Sequence Stratigraphy of the Nonmarine Facies of the Blackhawk Formation and Castlegate Sandstone
399(2)
8.9.5 The Representation of Time in a Fluvial Succession
401(2)
8.9.6 Conclusions
403(1)
8.10 The Future of Conventional Chronostratigraphy
404(12)
8.10.1 Current Examples of Outstanding Work
404(6)
8.10.2 The Use of Wheeler Diagrams
410(3)
8.10.3 Improving Accuracy and Precision
413(3)
8.11 High-Resolution Event Stratigraphy, Cyclostratigraphy and Astrochronology
416(8)
8.12 Conclusions
424(2)
References
426(9)
Author Index 435(8)
Subject Index 443
Andrew Miall has been Professor of Geology at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, since 1979, where his focus is teaching and research on the stratigraphy and sedimentology of sedimentary basins. His particular interest is in sequence stratigraphy, and in the sedimentology of nonmarine sandstones, and their characteristics as reservoir rocks for non-renewable resources. He is the inaugural holder of the Gordon Stollery Chair in Basin Analysis and Petroleum Geology, which was founded in 2001. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1995. Andrew Miall was Vice President of the Academy of Science of the Royal Society of Canada from 2005 to 2007 and President of the Academy from 2007-2009. From 2000-2004 Andrew Miall served as Canadas representative to the NATO Science and the Environment Programs Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, during which time he assisted in the organization of several international workshops dealing with natural hazards. In 2010-2011 he served on expert panels struck by the Government of Canada and the Alberta Government to examine the environmental management of the Alberta Oil Sands. Miall has been the author of five research-level technical books and the editor of five special research collections. In 2007 he published Canada Rocks, co-authored with Nick Eyles.