As the older populations grow, an increasing number of people are faced with the challenges of caring for frail, older family members. Since the causes of frailty, and especially the causes of cognitive impairment, in late life can last for several years, caregiving can often be experienced as a chronic stressor. Caregiving is often associated with higher rates of depression and anxiety, and with lowered subjective health in the care provider. With this in mind, Stress Reduction for Caregivers addresses the issue of how to help caregivers manage and reduce their stress level. The book is unique in that it bridges the gap between research and practice. It includes a discussion of the stress and coping theories of caregiving developed by researchers in recent years. It also lays out a simple, practical training approach that utilizes four stress reduction techniques to assist professionals in adapting the theories to their practice: Stress Level Monitoring; Relaxation Training; Scheduling Relaxing Events and Cognitive Restructuring. Each technique is accompanied by case studies that demonstrate both the effectiveness and the challenges of applying the overall approach. With its strong base in research and its practical concern for the management and reduction of caregiver stress, this book is a must for professionals who desire to stay abreast of the latest techniques. It will also be of great benefit to advanced students examining the issues of caregiving.
Preface ix Stress and Coping Models of Caregiving Distress 1(16) Stress and Coping Models 3(3) Is Caregiving Stressful Because It Is Hard Work? 6(1) The Course of Caregiving Distress 7(1) Stress and Coping Models and the Intervention Presented in This Volume 7(5) Summary 12(1) References 13(4) Dementia Caregiver Burden and Ethnicity 17(18) T. J. McCallum Sociocultural Factors and Social Support 18(1) Cultural Tradition 19(1) Family Dynamics 20(1) Case Example 21(1) The Role of the Church 22(1) Caregiver Ethnicity and Coping Style 23(2) Theoretical Explanations 25(1) Stress Buffering 26(1) Physiological Research 27(1) Caregiving and Physiological Stress: A Review of the Literature 27(2) Caregiving and Poor Health outcomes 29(1) Summary 30(1) References 30(5) Stress Level Monitoring 35(16) Understanding Stress 35(3) The Cycle of Distress 38(1) The Use of Monitoring 39(1) The Daily Stress Rating Form 40(3) Case Examples 43(5) Summary 48(1) References 49(2) Progressive Relaxation and Visualization 51(14) Progressive Relaxation 51(4) Visualization 55(1) Case Examples 56(6) Summary 62(1) References 63(2) The Relaxing Events Schedule 65(16) Caring for Self 65(1) Pleasant Events Theory 66(2) Caregiver Stress and Relaxing Events 68(1) The Relaxing Events Schedule 69(7) Case Example 76(3) Summary 79(1) References 79(2) Stress-Neutral Thoughts 81(18) Cognitive Restructuring 81(3) Cognitive Restructuring: Caregivers and Older Adults 84(2) Worried Thoughts 86(1) The Thought Tracking Record 87(2) Reducing Worried Thoughts and Increasing Stress-Neutral Thoughts 89(1) Elements of Self-Change 90(1) Case Examples 91(5) Summary 96(1) References 97(2) The Effectiveness of the Stress Reduction Technique 99(18) A Brief Review of the Interventions 99(5) The Effects of Psychoeducational Intervention on Self-Reported Distress in Caregivers 104(5) Case Examples 109(5) Summary 114(1) References 114(3) The Context of Stress Reduction: Community Services and Resources for Caregivers 117(20) Respite Services and Community-Based Services 117(6) Placement in 24-Hour Care 123(3) Legal Alternatives 126(3) Options After Incapacity 129(1) Medicaid and Medi-Cal 130(2) Psychosocial Interventions 132(2) Summary 134(1) References 135(2) Index 137
Jodi L. Olshevski received her M.S. in Gerontology from the Andrus Gerontology Center at the University of Southern California. Her research interest has focused on caregiver stress, a topic on which she has delivered several lectures and workshops. Ms. Olshevski currently lives and works in Boston, Massachusetts. Anne D. Katz, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Clinical Gerontology at the University of Southern California (USC), Co-Director of the Tingstad Older Adult Counseling Center at USC, and the Clinical Director of the Los Angeles Caregiver Resource Center at USC. Dr. Katz's current research interests include caregiver stress, AIDS and the elderly, and women's issues and aging. Bob G. Knight, Ph.D., is the Merle H. Bensinger Associate Professor of Gerontology and Psychology at the Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California. He also serves as Director of the Tingstad Older Adult Counseling Center and as faculty director of the Los Angeles Caregiver Resource Center. Dr. Knight was President of Section II, Division 12 (Clinical Geropsychology) of the American Psychological Association in 1997 and has published extensively in the field of mental health and aging.
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