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Structural Analysis and Design to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse [Minkštas viršelis]

5.00/5 (1 ratings by Goodreads)
(City University, London, UK)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 202 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 453 g, 9 Tables, black and white; 120 Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Jan-2018
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138490415
  • ISBN-13: 9781138490413
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Structural Analysis and Design to Prevent Disproportionate CollapseDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 202 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 453 g, 9 Tables, black and white; 120 Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Jan-2018
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138490415
  • ISBN-13: 9781138490413
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781138490413.html
Hard Guidance on Preventing Disproportionate CollapseDisproportionate collapse is a pressing issue in current design practice. Numerous causes are possible – especially forms of extreme loading, such as blast, fire, earthquake, or vehicle collisions. But it is the mechanism and its prevention which are of especial interest and concern.After the World Trade Center collapse in 2001, interest was sparked, and it is now imperative for a design engineer to have sufficient knowledge on both the analysis and design against disproportionate collapse. Detailed structural design guidance for preventing this has been developed in Europe and the US – such as BS5950 in the UK, and guidance from the Department of Defense and the General Services Administration in the US. However, Structural Analysis and Design to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse is the first systematic text in the market to help design engineers or structural engineering students to properly understand this guidance. Covers the design and analysis of a structure to prevent disproportionate collapseProvides an understanding of disproportionate collapse problems for different structures under different loadsContains detailed knowledge on the design and progressive collapse analysis of complex structuresIncorporates ABAQUS®, ETABS, SAP2000, and Highlights 3D Modeling TechniquesAs progressive collapse analysis is a distinctive and complicated procedure, it normally requires an ability to use a modern commercial finite element package, and Structural Analysis and Design to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse features a detailed introduction to the use of FE programs such as ABAQUS® in progressive collapse analysis. In addition, case studies are performed using 3D FE models based on various types of structures such as multi-storey buildings, long-span space structures, and bridges. These models replicate real collapse incidents and prestigious construction projects, such as progressive collapse analysis of the Twin Towers, structural fire analysis of World Trade Center 7, blast analysis of the Murrah Federal Building and progressive collapse analysis of the Millau Viaduct, which help designers to fully understand the failure mechanisms and effective mitigation methods in practice.

Recenzijos

"This book can be used by students, engineers and researchers as a unique source, as it contains necessary theories, numerical procedures, design strategies and use of commercial software. The real scenario case studies offer insight and understanding of this most disastrous form of structural failure." Jianqiao Ye, Lancaster University, UK

"It is of major practical interest and I would definitely recommend it for design engineering offices and lecturers in structural mechanics."

Philippe Bouillard, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium

"This book attempts to advance the state of the art by showing how to create computer models of large structures that are then subject to an "event" to see if the subsequent collapse is progressive."

Roger Davies in TheStructuralEngineer

"An excellent introduction to the progressive collapse of structures that will allow the understanding of the basic aspects of this phenomenon and help improve structural designs. This is a compact and clearly written book that the reader will find easy to read." -- Jose M. Adam, in Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE "This book can be used by students, engineers and researchers as a unique source, as it contains necessary theories, numerical procedures, design strategies and use of commercial software. The real scenario case studies offer insight and understanding of this most disastrous form of structural failure." Jianqiao Ye, Lancaster University, UK

"It is of major practical interest and I would definitely recommend it for design engineering offices and lecturers in structural mechanics."

Philippe Bouillard, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium

"This book attempts to advance the state of the art by showing how to create computer models of large structures that are then subject to an "event" to see if the subsequent collapse is progressive."

Roger Davies in TheStructuralEngineer

"An excellent introduction to the progressive collapse of structures that will allow the understanding of the basic aspects of this phenomenon and help improve structural designs. This is a compact and clearly written book that the reader will find easy to read." -- Jose M. Adam, in Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities

Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
About the Author xvii
1 Introduction 1(8)
1.1 Aims and Scope
1(2)
1.2 Definition of Progressive Collapse or Disproportionate Collapse
3(1)
1.3 Definition of Robustness
3(1)
1.4 Causes of Progressive Collapse and Collapse Incidents with Different Types of Structures
4(1)
1.5 Current Design Guidance for Preventing Disproportionate Collapse
5(2)
1.5.1 British and European Design Guidance
5(1)
1.5.2 U.S. Design Guidance
5(2)
1.5.3 Canadian Design Guidance
7(1)
1.5.4 Chinese Design Guidance
7(1)
References
7(2)
2 Progressive Collapse Design and Analysis of Multistorey Buildings 9(42)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Progressive Collapse Incidents of Buildings around the World
9(4)
2.2.1 Ronan Point Collapse
10(1)
2.2.2 World Trade Center Collapse
11(2)
2.3 Minimizing a Threat or Hazard for Potential Collapse
13(3)
2.3.1 Threat and Vulnerability Assessment
13(1)
2.3.2 Risk Assessment
14(2)
2.4 Design Method
16(6)
2.4.1 Indirect Design Method
17(1)
2.4.2 Direct Design Method
17(1)
2.4.3 Selection of Design Method
18(1)
2.4.4 Requirements for Robustness of Buildings in Design Guidance around the World
19(3)
2.5 Structural Analysis Procedures
22(1)
2.5.1 Four Basic Analysis Procedures
22(1)
2.5.2 Load Combinations
22(1)
2.5.3 Energy Method in Progressive Collapse Analysis
23(1)
2.6 Acceptance Criteria
23(1)
2.6.1 Acceptance Criteria for Linear Procedures
23(1)
2.6.2 Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Procedures
24(1)
2.7 Progressive Collapse Analysis Procedures Using Commercial Programs
24(2)
2.7.1 Analysis Procedure for Linear Elastic Static Progressive Collapse Analysis
25(1)
2.7.2 Analysis for Nonlinear Dynamic Procedure
25(1)
2.8 Collapse Mechanism of Buildings
26(2)
2.8.1 Catenary Action
26(1)
2.8.2 Collapse Mechanism of Steel Composite Frames
27(1)
2.8.3 Collapse Mechanism of Concrete Buildings
28(1)
2.9 Mitigating Measures in Design of Multistorey Buildings against Progressive Collapse
28(7)
2.9.1 Hazard Mitigation
29(1)
2.9.2 Alternative Path Method
29(1)
2.9.3 Protecting Key Elements to Prevent Local Failure
30(1)
2.9.4 Tying Force Method
30(2)
2.9.5 Increasing Structural Redundancy
32(1)
2.9.6 Utilizing the Ductility
33(1)
2.9.7 Connection Strengthening and Detailing
33(1)
2.9.8 Preventing Shear Failure
34(1)
2.9.9 Use of Steel Cables to Prevent Progressive Collapse
34(1)
2.10 Case Study: Progressive Collapse Analysis of World Trade Center 1 Using Abaqus®— Nonlinear Dynamic Procedure
35(13)
2.10.1 Prototype Building
35(1)
2.10.2 Modelling Techniques
36(1)
2.10.3 Load Combination and Column Removal
37(1)
2.10.4 Major Abaqus® INP File Commands Used in the Simulation
38(4)
2.10.5 Modelling Result Interpretation
42(5)
2.10.6 Progressive Collapse Potential Check
47(1)
References
48(3)
3 Progressive Collapse Design and Analysis of Space Structures 51(18)
3.1 Introduction
51(1)
3.2 Major Types of Space Structures
51(2)
3.2.1 Double-Layer Grids
51(1)
3.2.2 Latticed Shells
51(1)
3.2.3 Tensegrity Systems
52(1)
3.2.4 Membrane Structures
53(1)
3.3 Design Guidance for Space Structures to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse
53(1)
3.4 Space Structure Collapse Incidents around the World
54(3)
3.4.1 Partial Collapse of Charles de Gaulle Airport Terminal 2E
54(1)
3.4.2 Snow-Induced Collapse of Double-Layer Grid Space Structure, Hartford Civic Center
55(1)
3.4.3 Roof Collapse of Pavilion Constructed in Bucharest
56(1)
3.4.4 Roof Collapse of Sultan Mizan Stadium in Terengganu, Malaysia (Support Failure)
56(1)
3.5 Collapse Mechanism of Space Structures
57(2)
3.5.1 Collapse Mechanism for Double-Layer Grid
57(1)
3.5.2 Collapse Mechanism of Single-Layer Space Structures
58(1)
3.5.3 Collapse Mechanism of Tensegrity Structures
59(1)
3.5.4 Support Failure
59(1)
3.6 Progressive Collapse Analysis of Double-Layer Grid Space Structure Using Abaqus®
59(7)
3.6.1 Prototype Space Structure
60(1)
3.6.2 Setting Up a 3D Model
60(1)
3.6.3 Load Combinations
61(1)
3.6.4 Major Abaqus® Command Used in the Simulation
62(1)
3.6.5 Member Removals
62(4)
References
66(3)
4 Progressive Collapse Design and Analysis of Bridge Structures 69(24)
4.1 Introduction
69(1)
4.2 Bridge Collapse Incidents around the World
69(3)
4.2.1 Progressive Collapse of the Kutai Kartanegara Suspension Bridge in East Borneo, Indonesia
69(2)
4.2.2 Collapse of Skagit River Bridge, Washington, Due to Lorry Strike
71(1)
4.2.3 Earthquake-Induced Collapse of Bridge in Wenchuan, China
71(1)
4.3 Causes and Collapse Mechanisms of Bridges
72(3)
4.3.1 Accidental Actions (Impact Loads) Triggered Collapses
72(1)
4.3.2 Earthquake-Induced Collapse of Bridge
73(2)
4.3.3 Wind-Induced Collapse of Bridge
75(1)
4.4 Design Measures to Prevent Bridge Collapse
75(2)
4.4.1 Beam Bridge
76(1)
4.4.2 Cable-Stayed Bridge
76(1)
4.4.3 Suspension Bridge
76(1)
4.5 Progressive Collapse Analysis of Bridge Structures
77(1)
4.6 Progressive Collapse Analysis Example of the Millau Viaduct Using Abaqus® (Nonlinear Dynamic Procedure)
77(14)
4.6.1 Introduction of Prototype Bridge
79(1)
4.6.2 Material Used in the Abaqus® Model
80(1)
4.6.3 3D Modelling Setup
80(2)
4.6.4 Define the Prestressed Force
82(1)
4.6.5 Nonlinear Geometric Analysis of the Bridge
82(1)
4.6.6 Cable Removal and Load Combination
83(1)
4.6.7 Major Abaqus® Commands Used in the Simulation
83(3)
4.6.8 Simulation Result Interpretation
86(1)
4.6.9 Progressive Collapse Potential Check
87(1)
4.6.10 Five-Cable Removal Check
88(3)
References
91(2)
5 Fire-Induced Building Collapse 93(36)
5.1 Introduction
93(1)
5.2 Basic Knowledge of Fire
93(7)
5.2.1 Fire Development Process and Fire Temperature Curve
93(3)
5.2.2 Heat Transfer and Thermal Response of Structural Members
96(2)
5.2.3 Material Behaviour at Elevated Temperatures
98(2)
5.2.4 Fire Protection Method
100(1)
5.3 Fire Incidents around the World
100(6)
5.3.1 WTC7 Collapse (Progressive Collapse Is Triggered)
101(2)
5.3.2 Windsor Tower (Partial Collapse Is Triggered)
103(1)
5.3.3 Beijing Television Cultural Centre Fire (Partial Collapse)
104(1)
5.3.4 Cardington Fire Test
105(1)
5.4 Collapse Mechanisms of Buildings in Fire
106(5)
5.4.1 Floor System Slab Failure and Membrane Effect
106(3)
5.4.2 Structural Steel Beam Failure
109(1)
5.4.3 Structural Steel Column Failure
110(1)
5.4.4 Structural Steel Connections
110(1)
5.5 Structural Fire Design to Prevent Building Collapse
111(1)
5.5.1 Current Design Code
111(1)
5.5.2 Design Recommendation
111(1)
5.6 Structural Fire Analysis
111(1)
5.6.1 Zone Model
112(1)
5.6.2 CFD Model
112(1)
5.6.3 Finite-Element Method Using the Fire Temperature Curve
112(1)
5.7 Modelling Example of Progressive Collapse Analysis of WTC7 under Fire Using Abaqus®
112(14)
5.7.1 Prototype Building
113(1)
5.7.2 Modelling Procedures
113(3)
5.7.3 Fire Load Simulation
116(1)
5.7.4 Calculation of Temperature Increase of Slabs and Structural Steel Members
116(1)
5.7.5 Major Abaqus® Command
117(4)
5.7.6 Modelling Results Interpretation
121(3)
5.7.7 Progressive Collapse Potential Check
124(2)
References
126(3)
6 Design and Analysis of Buildings under Blast Loading 129(40)
6.1 Introduction
129(1)
6.2 Blast-Induced Progressive Collapse Incidents around the World
129(4)
6.2.1 Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building Collapse
130(1)
6.2.2 Argentine Israeli Mutual Association Bombing (Whole Building Collapse), Buenos Aires, Argentina
131(1)
6.2.3 Brighton Hotel Bombing, UK (Partial Collapse)
131(2)
6.3 Basics of Blast Loading
133(5)
6.3.1 Explosion and Blast Load
133(2)
6.3.2 Blast Wave Scaling Laws and Simplified Blast Load Profile
135(1)
6.3.3 Material Behaviours at High Strain Rates
136(1)
6.3.4 Response Regimes of Structural Elements
137(1)
6.4 Design of Buildings under Blast Loading
138(5)
6.4.1 Explosion Scenarios
138(1)
6.4.2 Iso-Damage Diagrams (Pressure-Impulse Diagrams)
138(1)
6.4.3 Human Response to Blast Loading and Survival Curves
139(4)
6.5 Structural Design to Prevent Collapse of Buildings under Blast Loading
143(4)
6.5.1 Acceptance Criteria
143(1)
6.5.2 Design of Steel or Concrete Elements under Blast Loading
143(1)
6.5.3 Summary of Procedures for Designing Steel or Concrete Members under Blast Loading
144(1)
6.5.4 Beam-Column Connections
145(1)
6.5.5 Design Principle for Blast Loading and Measures to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse
146(1)
6.6 Modelling Examples of Two-Storey Building under Blast Load Using Abaqus®
147(10)
6.6.1 Prototype Building
147(1)
6.6.2 3D Model Setup
148(1)
6.6.3 Defining Explosion Step and Blast Loading
148(5)
6.6.4 Modelling Result
153(4)
6.7 Modelling Examples of Progressive Collapse Analysis of Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building under Blast Load Using Abaqus®
157(10)
6.7.1 Introduction
157(1)
6.7.2 Prototype Building
157(1)
6.7.3 Applying Blast Load
157(1)
6.7.4 Modelling Techniques
158(2)
6.7.5 Major Abaqus® Commands Used in the Simulation
160(3)
6.7.6 Modelling Result
163(3)
6.7.7 Progressive Collapse Potential Check
166(1)
References
167(2)
7 Conclusion 169(4)
7.1 Introduction
169(1)
7.2 Summary of Design Guidances and Methods
169(1)
7.3 Summary of the Analysis Method
170(1)
7.4 Summary of Collapse Mechanisms and Measures to Prevent Progressive Collapse
170(1)
7.4.1 Multistorey Buildings
170(1)
7.4.2 Long-Span Space Structures
170(1)
7.4.3 Bridge Structures
170(1)
7.5 Conclusion
171(1)
References
171(2)
Index 173
Dr. Feng Fu received his PhD from the University of Leeds and his MBA from the University of Manchester. He is a chartered structural engineer, a member of the Institution of Structural Engineers, a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers and a Member of the American Society of Civil Engineering. He is currently a lecturer in structural engineering at City University, following his work as a lecturer at the University of Bradford. Prior to that, he worked for several consultancy companies, such as the WSP Group, the Waterman Group, and the Beijing Institute of Architectural Design and Research. During his industrial practice, he was involved in the design of extensive prestigious construction projects worldwide. He also gained experience in designing buildings under extreme loadings, and knowledge in designing buildings to prevent progressive collapse.