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Structural Geology 2nd Revised edition [Kietas viršelis]

4.31/5 (95 ratings by Goodreads)
(Universitetet i Bergen, Norway)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 524 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 285x225x26 mm, weight: 1660 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 2 Tables, black and white; 6 Halftones, unspecified; 557 Halftones, color
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Mar-2016
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107057647
  • ISBN-13: 9781107057647
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Hardback, 524 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 285x225x26 mm, weight: 1660 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 2 Tables, black and white; 6 Halftones, unspecified; 557 Halftones, color
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Mar-2016
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107057647
  • ISBN-13: 9781107057647
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
This market-leading textbook has been fully updated in response to extensive user feedback. It includes a new chapter on joints and veins, additional examples from around the world, stunning new field photos, and extended online resources with new animations and exercises. The book's practical emphasis, hugely popular in the first edition, features applications in the upper crust, including petroleum and groundwater geology, highlighting the importance of structural geology in exploration and exploitation of petroleum and water resources. Carefully designed full-colour illustrations work closely with the text to support student learning, and are supplemented with high-quality photos from around the world. Examples and parallels drawn from practical everyday situations engage students, and end-of chapter review questions help them to check their understanding. Updated e-learning modules are available online (www.cambridge.org/fossen2e) and further reinforce key topics using summaries, innovative animations to bring concepts to life, and additional examples and figures.

Recenzijos

'This new edition of Structural Geology has filled in a few gaps in the excellent first edition and the author and publishers are to be congratulated on their efforts to produce a really up-to-date text in a most attractive format.' John Ramsay, ETH Zentrum, Switzerland 'This second edition has an impressive number of updates and improvements. Numerous color photographs and figures clearly illustrate concepts, while showing the inherent beauty of structures in the field. This is a book that cannot help but inspire students.' Frederick W. Vollmer, State University of New York, New Paltz 'This is the best textbook in this field of the past decade. Both the book and the accompanying online resources have been extended with new topics and the animated e-modules are a fantastic extra teaching resource.' Roger Soliva, Université Montpellier II 'The reviewer wholeheartedly believes that Fossen's work is the best textbook currently available within this field. It is extensively updated and beautifully illustrated with predominantly color photographs and sketches reflecting classic, global examples. The 22 chapters treat the principles of strain, stress, and rheology; brittle and ductile deformation processes and their resultant structures; principal tectonic regimes, salt tectonics, map balancing, and restoration; an original chapter on joints and veins; and an overview of deformation, including intrusive, metamorphic, radiogenic dating, and P-T-t path data. The accompanying online e-modules provide a superb supplemental learning resource. The book's practical approach to potential economic applications with oil, gas, and groundwater enhance its value to students and practicing professionals This book is an ideal text for undergraduate geology programs and is a must for every serious student of Earth science. It will also serve as an excellent, up-to-date refresher course for any active geologist.' M. E. McCallum, Choice 'Several years after the publication of the first edition, the new version [ of Structural Geology] turns out to be even better. The most important part of any educational book is to awake an interest on the reader's part and sustain it, on any given topic, without compromises as to content. I find such a potential in the present volume this textbook is definitely a high value proposition for anyone who embarks on or continues his/her adventures in structural geology and tectonics.' Wojciech Stawikowski, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań Review of previous edition: 'Gorgeous. Nothing less. Everyone in need of structural geology - and that's quite a few of us - will certainly find this book very useful. There is a good balance between text and figures, and the figures are very good, be it the photos, maps, graphics or principle sketches. It is simply a pleasure to read this book. Seldom have we seen such a user-friendly textbook.' GEO Review of previous edition: ' Fossen is to be applauded for crafting a unique, high-caliber, and accessible undergraduate textbook on structural geology beautifully illustrated, with excellent original color diagrams and with impressive color field photographs that are all keyed to locations and placed into geologic context This book will likely get a lot of use; it is well written and priced right an excellent, accessible introductory structural geology text that is admirably well illustrated and well written. It should prove to be a valuable resource for students and instructors alike.' Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Review of previous edition: 'Once in a while, an extraordinarily superior book appears in the midst of other good books on a subject. Without a doubt, this is the case with this introductory structural geology work by Fossen. Most outstanding, the book provides a balance between soft rock and hard rock, discusses the field's relevance to basic and applied applications, and includes unparalleled illustrations and photos that are critical for instruction and understanding It is the most student- and instructor-friendly work this reviewer has seen. Essential.' Choice Review of previous edition: 'The illustrations are plentiful and outstanding in multiple colors. Very seldom can one buy a book of this quality ' Richard Jackson, Environmental and Engineering Geoscience Review of previous edition: 'Lavishly illustrated in color, this textbook takes an applied approach to introduce undergraduate students to the basic principles of structural geology Containing numerous end-of-chapter problems, e-learning modules, and with stunning field photos and illustrations, this book provides the ultimate learning experience for all students of structural geology.' The Eggs EGU Newsletter (the-eggs.org) Review of previous edition: ' the structural geology text that I have long been waiting for this text truly shows the application of structural geology to real life academic and industry problems. It will go straight onto my syllabus as the required text.' Bruce Trudgill, Colorado School of Mines Review of previous edition: 'Evaluate it? I've already put a change order into our bookstore to change to it for my Structure class next Fall! It's awesome.' Terry Naumann, University of Alaska Review of previous edition: 'If you only buy one structural geology textbook - this is the one to get. It's both theoretical and practical with excellent illustrations and thought-provoking examples.' Rob Butler, University of Aberdeen 'A great online text book. Well-written, beautiful and meaningful sketches and photographs.' Timothy Byrne, Professor of Geosciences, University of Connecticut

Daugiau informacijos

This market-leading textbook has been updated to include a chapter on joints and veins, additional examples and stunning new photos.
How to use this book viii
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xii
List of symbols
xiii
1 Structural geology and structural analysis
1(24)
1.1 Approaching structural geology
2(1)
1.2 Structural geology and tectonics
2(2)
1.3 Structural data sets
4(1)
1.4 Field data
5(3)
1.5 Remote sensing and geodesy
8(2)
1.6 DEM, GIS and Google Earth
10(1)
1.7 Seismic data
10(4)
1.8 Experimental data
14(1)
1.9 Numerical modeling
15(1)
1.10 Other data sources
15(1)
1.11 Organizing the data
16(2)
1.12 Structural analysis
18(4)
1.13 Concluding remarks
22(3)
2 Deformation
25(34)
2.1 What is deformation?
26(1)
2.2 Components of deformation
27(1)
2.3 System of reference
28(1)
2.4 Deformation: detached from history
29(1)
2.5 Homogeneous and heterogeneous deformation
29(1)
2.6 Mathematical description of deformation
30(1)
2.7 One-dimensional strain
30(2)
2.8 Strain in two dimensions
32(1)
2.9 Three-dimensional strain
33(1)
2.10 The strain ellipsoid
34(1)
2.11 More about the strain ellipsoid
35(1)
2.12 Volume change
36(1)
2.13 Uniaxial strain (compaction)
37(1)
2.14 Pure shear and coaxial deformations
38(1)
2.15 Simple shear
38(1)
2.16 Subsimple shear
39(1)
2.17 Progressive deformation and flow parameters
39(2)
2.18 Velocity field
41(1)
2.19 Flow apophyses
42(1)
2.20 Vorticity and Wk
43(2)
2.21 Steady-state deformation
45(1)
2.22 Incremental deformation
45(1)
2.23 Strain compatibility and boundary conditions
45(1)
2.24 Deformation history from deformed rocks
46(1)
2.25 Coaxiality and progressive simple shear
47(2)
2.26 Progressive pure shear
49(1)
2.27 Progressive subsimple shear
50(1)
2.28 Simple and pure shear and their scale dependence
51(1)
2.29 General three-dimensional deformation
51(1)
2.30 Stress versus strain
52(7)
Summary
55(4)
3 Strain in rocks
59(14)
3.1 Why perform strain analysis?
60(1)
3.2 Strain in one dimension
60(1)
3.3 Strain in two dimensions
60(7)
3.4 Strain in three dimensions
67(6)
Summary
70(3)
4 Stress
73(10)
4.1 Definitions, magnitudes and units
74(1)
4.2 Stress on a surface
74(1)
4.3 Stress at a point
75(2)
4.4 Stress components
77(1)
4.5 The stress tensor (matrix)
77(1)
4.6 Deviatoric stress and mean stress
78(1)
4.7 Mohr circle and diagram
79(4)
Summary
80(3)
5 Stress in the lithosphere
83(18)
5.1 Importance of stress measurements
84(1)
5.2 Stress measurements
84(3)
5.3 Reference states of stress
87(4)
5.4 The thermal effect on horizontal stress
91(1)
5.5 Residual stress
92(1)
5.6 Tectonic stress
92(2)
5.7 Global stress patterns
94(3)
5.8 Differential stress, deviatoric stress and some implications
97(4)
Summary
98(3)
6 Rheology
101(22)
6.1 Rheology and continuum mechanics
102(1)
6.2 Idealized conditions
102(1)
6.3 Elastic materials
103(4)
6.4 Plasticity and flow: permanent deformation
107(4)
6.5 Combined models
111(2)
6.6 Experiments
113(1)
6.7 The role of temperature, water, etc.
114(2)
6.8 Definition of plastic, ductile and brittle deformation
116(1)
6.9 Rheology of the lithosphere
117(6)
Summary
119(4)
7 Fracture and brittle deformation
123(30)
7.1 Brittle deformation mechanisms
124(1)
7.2 Types of fractures
125(4)
7.3 Failure and fracture criteria
129(5)
7.4 Microdefects and failure
134(4)
7.5 Fracture termination and interaction
138(2)
7.6 Reactivation and frictional sliding
140(1)
7.7 Fluid pressure, effective stress and poroelasticity
141(2)
7.8 Deformation bands and fractures in porous rocks
143(10)
Summary
149(4)
8 Joints and veins
153(24)
8.1 Definition and characteristics
154(2)
8.2 Kinematics and stress
156(1)
8.3 How, why and where joints form
157(4)
8.4 Joint distributions
161(3)
8.5 Growth and morphology of joints
164(2)
8.6 Joint interaction and relative age
166(1)
8.7 Joints, permeability and fluid flow
167(1)
8.8 Veins
168(9)
Summary
174(3)
9 Faults
177(44)
9.1 Fault terminology
178(5)
9.2 Fault anatomy
183(4)
9.3 Displacement distribution
187(1)
9.4 Identifying faults in an oil field setting
188(5)
9.5 The birth and growth of faults
193(11)
9.6 Growth of fault populations
204(6)
9.7 Faults, communication and sealing properties
210(11)
Summary
216(5)
10 Kinematics and paleostress in the brittle regime
221(14)
10.1 Kinematic criteria
222(2)
10.2 Stress from faults
224(3)
10.3 A kinematic approach to fault slip data
227(3)
10.4 Contractional and extensional structures
230(5)
Summary
231(4)
11 Deformation at the microscale
235(22)
11.1 Deformation mechanisms and microstructures
236(1)
11.2 Brittle versus plastic deformation mechanisms
236(1)
11.3 Brittle deformation mechanisms
237(1)
11.4 Mechanical twinning
237(2)
11.5 Crystal defects
239(6)
11.6 From the atomic scale to microstructures
245(12)
Summary
254(3)
12 Folds and folding
257(26)
12.1 Geometric description
258(7)
12.2 Folding: mechanisms and processes
265(9)
12.3 Fold interference patterns and refolded folds
274(2)
12.4 Folds in shear zones
276(1)
12.5 Folding at shallow crustal depths
277(6)
Summary
278(5)
13 Foliation and cleavage
283(18)
13.1 Basic concepts
284(2)
13.2 Relative age terminology
286(1)
13.3 Cleavage development
286(5)
13.4 Cleavage, folds and strain
291(4)
13.5 Foliations in quartzites, gneisses and mylonite zones
295(6)
Summary
297(4)
14 Lineations
301(14)
14.1 Basic terminology
302(1)
14.2 Lineations related to plastic deformation
302(4)
14.3 Lineations in the brittle regime
306(2)
14.4 Lineations and kinematics
308(7)
Summary
311(4)
15 Boudinage
315(14)
15.1 Boudinage and pinch -and-swell structures
316(1)
15.2 Geometry, viscosity and strain
316(3)
15.3 Asymmetric boudinage and rotation
319(1)
15.4 Foliation boudinage
320(2)
15.5 Boudinage and the strain ellipse
322(1)
15.6 Large-scale boudinage
323(6)
Summary
325(4)
16 Shear zones and mylonites
329(26)
16.1 What is a shear zone?
330(3)
16.2 The ideal plastic shear zone
333(4)
16.3 Adding pure shear to a simple shear zone
337(3)
16.4 Non-plane strain shear zones
340(1)
16.5 Mylonites and kinematic indicators
341(8)
16.6 Growth of shear zones
349(6)
Summary
351(4)
17 Contractional regimes
355(22)
17.1 Contractional faults
356(1)
17.2 Thrust faults
357(5)
17.3 Ramps, thrusts and folds
362(11)
17.4 Orogenic wedges 368 Summary
373(4)
18 Extensional regimes
377(13)
18.1 Extensional faults
378(1)
18.2 Fault systems
379(2)
18.3 Low-angle faults and core complexes
381(5)
18.4 Ramp-flat-ramp geometries
386(1)
18.5 Footwall versus hanging-wall collapse
387(1)
18.6 Rifting
388(1)
18.7 Half-grabens and accommodation zones
389(1)
18.8 Pure and simple shear models
389(1)
18.9 Stretching estimates, fractals and power-law relations
390(11)
18.10 Passive margins and oceanic rifts
392(1)
18.11 Orogenic extension and orogenic collapse
393(2)
18.12 Postorogenic extension
395(6)
Summary
396(5)
19 Strike-slip, transpression and transtension
401(16)
19.1 Strike-slip faults
402(1)
19.2 Transfer faults
402(2)
19.3 Transcurrent faults
404(1)
19.4 Development and anatomy of strike-slip faults
405(5)
19.5 Transpression and transtension
410(3)
19.6 Strain partitioning
413(4)
Summary
414(3)
20 Salt tectonics
417(24)
20.1 Salt tectonics and halokinesis
418(1)
20.2 Salt properties and rheology
418(2)
20.3 Salt diapirism, salt geometry and the flow of salt
420(9)
20.4 Rising diapirs: processes
429(1)
20.5 Salt diapirism in the extensional regime
430(2)
20.6 Diapirism in the contractional regime
432(3)
20.7 Diapirism in strike-slip settings
435(1)
20.8 Salt collapse by karstification
435(1)
20.9 Salt decollements
436(5)
Summary
438(3)
21 Balancing and restoration
441(14)
21.1 Basic concepts and definitions
442(1)
21.2 Restoration of geologic sections
442(5)
21.3 Restoration in map view
447(3)
21.4 Geomechanically based restoration
450(1)
21.5 Restoration in three dimensions
451(1)
21.6 Backstripping
451(4)
Summary
452(3)
22 A glimpse of a larger picture
455(9)
22.1 Synthesizing
456(1)
22.2 Deformation phases
456(1)
22.3 Progressive deformation
457(1)
22.4 Metamorphic textures
457(3)
22.5 Radiometric dating and P-T-t paths
460(1)
22.6 Tectonics and sedimentation
461(3)
Summary
462(2)
Appendix A More about the deformation matrix 464(4)
Appendix B Spherical projections 468(6)
Glossary 474(21)
References 495(6)
Cover and chapter image captions 501(2)
Index 503
Haakon Fossen is Professor of Structural Geology at the University of Bergen, Norway, where he is affiliated with the Department of Earth Science and the Natural History Collections. His professional career has involved work as an exploration and production geologist/geophysicist for Statoil and as a Professor at the University of Bergen (1996 to present), in addition to periods of geologic mapping and mineral exploration in Norway. His research ranges from hard to soft rocks and includes studies of folds, shear zones, formation and collapse of orogenic belts, numerical modelling of deformation (transpression), the evolution of rifts, and studies of deformed porous sandstones. He has conducted extensive field work in various parts of the world, notably Norway, the Western United States, Sinai, and Brazil, and his research is based on field mapping, microscopy, physical and numerical modelling, geochronology, and seismic interpretation. Professor Fossen has been involved in editing several international geology journals, has authored over 100 scientific publications, and has written two other books and several book chapters. He holds the first Nordic Geoscientist Award and the Outstanding Paper Award (together with Basil Tikoff) of the Structural Geology and Tectonics Division of the Geological Society of America, of which he is also a Fellow. He has taught undergraduate structural geology courses and graduate and industry structural geology field courses for over twenty years and has a keen interest in developing electronic teaching resources to aid student visualization and understanding of geological structures.