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El. knyga: Structural Performance: Probability-Based Assessment

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  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 27-Dec-2012
  • Leidėjas: ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118601150
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Structural Performance: Probability-Based AssessmentDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 27-Dec-2012
  • Leidėjas: ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118601150
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Cremona heads the civil engineering and construction wing of the French Ministry for Sustainable Development's research and innovation efforts. Drawing on his experience teaching in engineering schools and continuing education, he offers students, engineers, and researchers a panorama of methods for implementing a probabilistic approach to structural performance. This is neither a textbook on reliability theory nor a technical set of guidelines for assessing the performance of structures, he says, but something between, connecting theoretical concepts to practical problems found in structural assessments. He covers concepts from probability theory and statistics; structural safety, performance, and risk; performance-based assessment; the structural assessment of existing structures; specificities of existing structures; and principles of decision theory. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

This book covers the development of efficient methods for the assessment and the management of civil structures is today a major challenge from economical, social and environmental aspects. Tools for handling uncertainties in loads, geometry, material properties, construction and operating conditions are nowadays essential.

Covers the key concepts across topics including probability theory and statistics, structural safety, performance-based assessment, modelling uncertainties and principles of decision theory.

Preface xi
Chapter 1 Concepts from Probability Theory and Statistics 1(80)
1.1 The role of probability in civil engineering
1(1)
1.2 Physical and statistical uncertainties
2(1)
1.3 Axiomatics
3(5)
1.3.1 Probabilities
3(1)
1.3.2 Axioms
3(2)
1.3.3 Consequences
5(1)
1.3.4 Conditional probabilities
5(3)
1.4 Random variables – distributions
8(13)
1.4.1 Definitions
8(1)
1.4.2 Sampling
8(2)
1.4.3 Probability density function
10(1)
1.4.4 Main descriptors of a random variable
11(4)
1.4.5 Joint variables
15(1)
1.4.6 Independent variables
16(1)
1.4.7 Correlation coefficient
16(2)
1.4.8 Functions of random variables
18(2)
1.4.9 Approximate moments
20(1)
1.5 Useful random variables
21(10)
1.5.1 Discrete variables
21(4)
1.5.2 Normal distribution
25(1)
1.5.3 Lognormal distribution
26(2)
1.5.4 Beta distribution
28(1)
1.5.5 Exponential distribution
29(1)
1.5.6 Gamma distribution
30(1)
1.5.7 Student's t-distribution
31(1)
1.6 Limit theorems
31(7)
1.6.1 Law of large numbers
32(3)
1.6.2 Limit theorems
35(3)
1.7 Modeling random variables
38(13)
1.7.1 Point estimation
39(4)
1.7.2 Interval estimation
43(3)
1.7.3 Estimation of fractiles
46(2)
1.7.4 Estimation of the distribution
48(3)
1.8 Distribution of extremes
51(7)
1.9 Significance testing
58(7)
1.9.1 Type I and II errors
60(1)
1.9.2 Usual tests
61(4)
1.10 Bayesian analysis
65(9)
1.10.1 A priori and a posteriori distributions
66(2)
1.10.2 Updating estimators
68(2)
1.10.3 Bayesian networks
70(4)
1.11 Stochastic processes
74(7)
1.11.1 Basic principles
74(1)
1.11.2 Markovian chains
75(1)
1.11.3 State probability
76(2)
1.11.4 Time between stages
78(3)
Chapter 2 Structural Safety, Performance and Risk 81(44)
2.1 Introduction
81(1)
2.2 Safety and risk
82(5)
2.2.1 Concepts of safety
82(1)
2.2.2 Concept of risk related to a danger or threat
83(1)
2.2.3 Risk assessment
84(1)
2.2.4 Hazard
85(2)
2.3 Risk evaluation and acceptable risk
87(9)
2.3.1 Risk assessment
87(2)
2.3.2 Acceptable risk
89(7)
2.4 Risk-based management
96(9)
2.4.1 Strategies
96(1)
2.4.2 Risk analysis
96(8)
2.4.3 Legal point of view for a risk-based approach
104(1)
2.5 Examples of failure: bridges
105(5)
2.6 From safety to performance
110(12)
2.6.1 Functions of a structure
110(2)
2.6.2 Performance
112(7)
2.6.3 Evolution of structural functionality
119(2)
2.6.4 Consequences of performance losses
121(1)
2.6.5 Generalization of the concept of risk
121(1)
2.7 Human errors
122(3)
Chapter 3 Performance-based Assessment 125(110)
3.1 Analysis methods and structural safety
125(9)
3.1.1 Allowable stress principle
128(1)
3.1.2 Limit states and partial factors
128(4)
3.1.3 Probability-based approach
132(2)
3.2 Safety and performance principles
134(2)
3.2.1 New structures
135(1)
3.2.2 Existing structures
135(1)
3.3 Invariant measures
136(2)
3.4 Reliability theory
138(12)
3.4.1 Basic problem
138(1)
3.4.2 Convolution integral
139(1)
3.4.3 Normal variables
140(2)
3.4.4 Geometric expression of the reliability index
142(3)
3.4.5 Joint distribution representation
145(1)
3.4.6 Limit state with more than two uncorrelated normal variables
145(3)
3.4.7 Limit state with correlated variables
148(2)
3.5 General formulation
150(37)
3.5.1 Failure component – failure mode
150(1)
3.5.2 Safety margins – limit state functions
150(1)
3.5.3 Calculation methods
151(1)
3.5.4 Basler-Cornell index
152(6)
3.5.5 Hasofer-Lind index
158(3)
3.5.6 Rackwitz-Fiessler algorithm
161(1)
3.5.7 Isoprobability transformations
162(6)
3.5.8 Calculation of the failure probability
168(4)
3.5.9 Monte-Carlo methods
172(4)
3.5.10 response surfaces
176(7)
3.5.11 Sensitivity measures
183(4)
3.6 System reliability
187(21)
3.6.1 Mathematical concepts
190(9)
3.6.2 Calculation of the system probability of failure
199(6)
3.6.3 Robustness and vulnerability
205(3)
3.7 Determination of collapse/failure mechanisms
208(9)
3.7.1 Generation of safety margins for truss structures
208(5)
3.7.2 β-unzipping method
213(4)
3.8 Calibration of partial factors
217(7)
3.9 Nature of a probabilistic calculation
224(1)
3.10 Failure probabilities and acceptable risks
225(10)
3.10.1 Acceptable failure probabilities
225(5)
3.10.2 Concept of acceptable risk
230(3)
3.10.3 Remarks
233(2)
Chapter 4 Structural Assessment of Existing Structures 235(26)
4.1 Introduction
235(1)
4.2 Assessment rules
236(1)
4.3 Limits when using design rules
236(1)
4.4 Main stages in structural assessment
237(2)
4.5 Structural safety assessment
239(21)
4.5.1 Basic concept
240(1)
4.5.2 First approach
240(2)
4.5.3 Second approach
242(2)
4.5.4 Third approach
244(6)
4.5.5 Fourth approach
250(8)
4.5.6 Implementing rating factors
258(2)
4.6 General remarks on the methods
260(1)
Chapter 5 Specificities of Existing Structures 261(94)
5.1 Loads
261(70)
5.1.1 Introduction
261(3)
5.1.2 Stochastic processes
264(21)
5.1.3 Spatial variability
285(1)
5.1.4 Load combinations
286(2)
5.1.5 Permanent loads
288(3)
5.1.6 Live loads
291(7)
5.1.7 Environmental loads
298(27)
5.1.8 Exceptional loads
325(6)
5.2 Resistance
331(17)
5.2.1 Material properties and uncertainties
332(2)
5.2.2 Properties of reinforcing and prestressing steel
334(6)
5.2.3 Properties of structural steel
340(1)
5.2.4 Properties of concrete
341(7)
5.3 Geometric variability
348(3)
5.4 Scale effects
351(4)
Chapter 6 Principles of Decision Theory 355(58)
6.1 Introduction
355(1)
6.2 The decision model
356(8)
6.2.1 Decision tree
356(4)
6.2.2 Decision criterion
360(1)
6.2.3 Terminal decision analysis
361(2)
6.2.4 Information value
363(1)
6.3 Controls and inspections
364(20)
6.3.1 Detection probability: a discrete case
367(8)
6.3.2 Detection probability: a continuous case
375(6)
6.3.3 Load tests
381(3)
6.4 Maintenance optimization
384(7)
6.4.1 Identification of degradations and failure modes
387(2)
6.4.2 Decision process and RBI analysis
389(1)
6.4.3 Maintenance types
390(1)
6.5 Life cycle cost analysis
391(12)
6.5.1 Discount calculations
392(2)
6.5.2 Discount rate
394(2)
6.5.3 Some results from discounting analysis
396(2)
6.5.4 Condition, working lifetime and life cycles
398(5)
6.6 Maintenance strategies
403(10)
6.6.1 Corrective maintenance
404(1)
6.6.2 Systematic maintenance
405(1)
6.6.3 Conditional maintenance
406(7)
Bibliography 413(10)
Index 423
Christian Cremona is Head of the civil engineering and construction group.
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